人参须，中药名。为五加科植物人参PanaxginsengC.A.Mey.的细支根及须根。具有益气、生津、止渴的功效。主治咳嗽吐血、口渴、胃虚呕逆。
Ren-shen-xu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. efers to the fine lateral roots and root hairs of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey., a plant in the Araliaceae family. It has the functions of invigorating qi, generating fluids, and relieving thirst. It is mainly used to treat coughing with blood, thirst, and vomiting caused by stomach weakness.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

益气、生津、止渴。主治
Tonifying qi, generating fluids, relieving thirst. Used to treat...

主要用于咳嗽吐血、口渴、胃虚呕逆。用法用量
Mainly used for coughing up blood, thirst, stomach deficiency and vomiting. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，3-9g；或泡茶。注意事项
Internal administration: Decoction, 3-9g; or infusion. Please pay attention to the following precautions.

脾胃虚寒及寒湿阻遏者慎用。化学成分
Caution should be taken for those with spleen and stomach deficiency-cold and cold-damp obstruction. Chemical composition.

1、人参须中总皂甙含量为11.52%，总皂甙元含量为2.07%，其中人参二醇占35.04%，人参三醇占39.68%，齐墩果酸占9.88%。2、红参须中总皂甙含量为5.9%，其中含有人参皂甙-Ro、Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg，又含一新的多肽，命名为RGHP-ⅡB2，系33肽，相对分子质量为3380。还含14种氨基酸，以天冬氨酸含量最高。药理作用

1. The total saponin content in the roots of ginseng is 11.52%, with a total saponin monomer content of 2.07%. Among them, ginsenoside Rg1 accounts for 35.04%, ginsenoside Rb1 accounts for 39.68%, and oleanolic acid accounts for 9.88%.2. The total saponin content in the roots of red ginseng is 5.9%, which includes ginsenosides R0, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg, as well as a new peptide named RGHP-ⅡB2, which consists of 33 peptides with a relative molecular weight of 3380. It also contains 14 types of amino acids, with aspartic acid being the most abundant. Pharmacological effects.

抗肿瘤作用：给用二甲基奶油黄诱发肝癌的大鼠灌服人参须糖浆（含生药0.5g），可提高其酸性α-乙酸萘酯酶（ANAE）阳性淋巴细胞的百分率，使肝癌发生率降低，肿块减小，分化程度增高，癌灶范围有纤维组织增生和淋巴细胞浸润。提示人参须糖浆能促进机体细胞免疫，对化学致癌剂诱发肝癌有预防或控制作用。相关论述
Anti-tumor effect: When administering ginseng beard syrup (containing 0.5g of raw herbs) to rats with liver cancer induced by dimethylnitrosamine, the percentage of acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive lymphocytes was increased. This led to a decrease in the occurrence of liver cancer, reduction in tumor size, increased differentiation degree, fibrous tissue proliferation, and lymphocyte infiltration in the cancerous lesions. This indicates that ginseng beard syrup can enhance the body's cellular immunity, and has a preventive or controlling effect on liver cancer induced by chemical carcinogens.

1、《本经逢原》：参须，治胃虚呕逆，咳嗽失血等证，亦能获效，以其性专下行也。若治久痢滑精，崩中下血之证，每致增剧，以其味苦降泄也。2、《本草从新》：参须，生津补血。亦横生芦头上而更细者，其性与参条同，而力尤薄。要知参条、参须，不过得参之余气，危险之证，断难倚仗。3、《本草正义》：参须论其质地本与人参无所同异，但辽产、高丽产，一清一温，亦当分别主治，方不贻误。其为参之余体，力量薄弱，初不待言，其较巨者，形如北沙参，如怀牛膝，尤有功用可言。若其末尾，则如丝如发，几于气味俱无，何能呈效?惟生津止渴，微有养液之用耳。若阴虚火升，肝胆之阳上炽，用此潜阳降火，尤为相宜。加工炮制 采收加工

1. "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": Ginseng beard, used to treat stomach deficiency, vomiting, rebellious qi, cough, blood loss, and other conditions, can also be effective due to its downward nature. When treating chronic diarrhea, seminal emissions, and bleeding in the lower body, it often exacerbates the condition due to its bitter taste and downward draining properties.2. "Ben Cao Cong Xin": Ginseng beard, nourishes yin and replenishes blood. There are also thinner roots growing horizontally on the top of the reed, with properties similar to ginseng roots but less potent. It is important to understand that ginseng roots and ginseng beards only contain the residual energy of ginseng and are not reliable for treating critical conditions.3. "Ben Cao Zheng Yi": Ginseng beard, in terms of its quality, is no different from ginseng itself, but distinguishing between Liaoning and Korean ginseng is crucial as one is cooling and the other warming, each suitable for different treatments to avoid mistakes. Ginseng beard, being the residual part of ginseng, is weak in strength initially, especially the larger ones resembling northern sand ginseng or cow knee, which have notable therapeutic effects. If it is the tip of the beard, thin as silk, lacking in both flavor and energy, how can it be effective? It is only useful for nourishing fluids and quenching thirst. When there is yin deficiency and excessive yang rising in the liver and gallbladder, using it to suppress yang and clear fire is particularly appropriate. Processing and preparation methods are also important considerations in harvesting and processing.

9月中、下旬收获参根时收集，加工成白直须、白弯须、红直须、红弯须等药材规格。药材鉴别 药材性状
In the middle and late September, ginseng roots are harvested and processed into different specifications such as white straight roots, white curved roots, red straight roots, and red curved roots. The identification and properties of the medicinal materials are also examined.

因加工方法不同，商品有红直须、白直须、红弯须、白弯须等品种。1、红直须：为较粗的细支根。一般长10cm以上，棕红色。体表有纵皱及须根脱落痕，少数有栓皮剥落现象。断面棕红色，平坦，类圆形，边缘弯曲成波状。质坚脆。气香，味苦。2、白直须：为较粗长的支根。性状同红直须，惟表面黄色。多数已无外皮。断面类白色。3、红弯须：为棕红色的细支根及须根，长短粗细不等。质脆，味苦。4、白弯须：多为须根，常团成饼状。黄白色，性状同红弯须。植物学信息 植物种属
Due to different processing methods, there are varieties of products such as red straight roots, white straight roots, red curved roots, and white curved roots. 1. Red straight roots: They are relatively thick fine lateral roots, generally over 10cm long, reddish-brown in color. The surface has longitudinal wrinkles and traces of root loss, with a few cases of cork peeling off. The cross-section is reddish-brown, flat, round, with curved edges forming a wavy shape. They are hard and crispy in texture, with a fragrant smell and bitter taste. 2. White straight roots: They are relatively thick and long lateral roots, similar to red straight roots but with a yellow surface. Most of them have no outer skin. The cross-section is white. 3. Red curved roots: They are reddish-brown fine lateral roots and root hairs of varying lengths and thickness. They are crispy in texture and bitter in taste. 4. White curved roots: Mostly root hairs, often clustered into cakes. They are yellowish-white in color, similar in characteristics to red curved roots. [Botanical information: Plant species]

五加科人参属人参。形态特征
Panax ginseng, belonging to the Araliaceae family, is a type of ginseng. It has distinctive morphological characteristics.

多年生草本，高30-70cm。根肥大，肉质，圆柱形或纺锤形，末端多分歧，外皮淡黄色。叶为掌状复叶，具长柄；轮生叶的数目依生长年限而不同，一般1年生者1片三出复叶，2年生者1片五出复叶，3年生者2片五出复叶，以后每年递增1片复叶，最多可达6片复叶；小叶5，偶有7片；小叶柄长1-3cm；小叶片披针形或卵形，下方2片小叶较小，长2-4cm，宽1-1.5cm，上部3小叶长4.5-15cm，宽2.2-4cm，先端渐尖，基部楔形，边缘具细锯齿，上面绿色，沿叶脉有稀疏细刚毛，下面无毛。伞形花序单一顶生，总花梗长15-25cm，每花序有10-80多朵花，集成圆球形；花小，直径2-3mm；花萼绿色，5齿裂；花瓣5，淡黄绿色，卵形；雄蕊5，花丝甚短；子房下位，花柱2，基部合生，上部分离。果实为核果状浆果，扁球形，直径5-9mm，多数，集成头状，成熟时呈鲜红色，种子2颗，乳白色，直径4-5mm，扁平圆卵形，一侧平截。花期5-6月，果期6-9月。分布区域
Perennial herb, 30-70cm tall. The roots are large, fleshy, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, with many branches at the end, and the outer skin is light yellow. The leaves are palmately compound, with long petioles; the number of whorled leaves varies depending on the growth year, generally with one trifoliate leaf in the first year, one five-foliate leaf in the second year, two five-foliate leaves in the third year, and an additional one foliate leaf each year thereafter, up to a maximum of six foliate leaves; each leaflet is 5, occasionally 7; the leaflets have a petiole length of 1-3cm; the leaflets are lanceolate or ovate, with the lower two leaflets smaller, 2-4cm long, 1-1.5cm wide, and the upper three leaflets 4.5-15cm long, 2.2-4cm wide, gradually pointed at the tip, cuneate at the base, with finely serrated margins, green on the upper surface, sparsely finely hairy along the veins, and hairless on the lower surface. The umbel inflorescence is solitary at the apex, with a total peduncle length of 15-25cm, each umbel having 10-80 or more flowers, forming a spherical cluster; the flowers are small, 2-3mm in diameter; the sepals are green, 5-toothed; the petals are 5, pale yellow-green, ovate; the stamens are 5, with very short filaments; the ovary is inferior, with 2 styles, fused at the base and separated at the top. The fruit is a drupe-like berry, flattened spherical, 5-9mm in diameter, mostly clustered into a head shape, turning bright red when ripe, with 2 milky white seeds, 4-5mm in diameter, flatly ovoid, with one side flat. Flowering period is May-June, fruiting period is June-September. Distribution area.

野生于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁及河北北部，现吉林、辽宁栽培甚多，北京、河北、山西也有引种栽培。生长环境
Wild in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and northern Hebei, now widely cultivated in Jilin and Liaoning, also introduced and cultivated in Beijing, Hebei, and Shanxi. Growing environment.

生于海拔数百米的落叶阔叶林或针叶阔叶混交林下。生长见习
Born under the broad-leaved deciduous forest or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest at an altitude of several hundred meters. Grow in apprenticeship.

喜寒冷、湿润气候，忌强光直射，抗寒力强。种子可阴干贮藏，种胚有形态后熟和生理后熟特性；前者要求20-10℃变温，后者需要2-4℃低温，需时各为3-4个月，没有完成后熟的种子不能发芽。对土壤要求严格，宜在富含有机质，通透性良好的砂质壤土、腐殖质壤土栽培，忌连作。繁殖方式
Prefers cold and humid climate, avoids direct exposure to strong light, and has strong cold resistance. The seeds can be stored in a dry and cool place. The seeds have characteristics of morphological ripening and physiological ripening; the former requires a temperature change of 20-10°C, while the latter needs a low temperature of 2-4°C for a period of 3-4 months. Seeds that have not completed ripening cannot germinate. Strict requirements for soil, suitable for cultivation in sandy loam soil rich in organic matter and good permeability, and avoiding continuous cropping. Methods of propagation.

用种子繁殖为主。栽培技术
Mainly propagated by seeds. Cultivation techniques.

种子繁殖：催芽，将1份种子混拌3份河沙，装入催芽箱中，置于室内或室外适当场所催芽，注意经常检查翻倒，控制好温度和湿度。播种，吉林抚松常于6月下旬播干籽（上年采收干藏种子），集安等地于8月初播当年采收未经晒干的种子，也可于春、秋季播催芽种子。以5cm×（4-5）cm点播，覆土3-4cm。移栽，春栽或秋栽。春栽于4月中、下旬，宜于越冬芽萌发前栽完；秋栽于10月中、下旬，宜于土壤封冻前栽完。随起，随栽，一般按行株距（15-30）cm×（6-12）cm，平栽或斜栽，覆土5-9cm。搭棚分全荫棚、双透棚、单透棚或双透大棚等荫棚种类，可根据气候、土质及地势条件选择。病虫防治
Seed propagation: Germination promotion, mix 1 part seeds with 3 parts river sand, place them in a germination box, and put it in a suitable indoor or outdoor location for germination. Remember to regularly check and turn over the seeds, and control the temperature and humidity. Sowing: In Fusong, Jilin, dry seeds (seeds stored from the previous year) are usually sown in late June, while in Jilin's Jilin and other places, seeds harvested in the same year without drying are sown in early August. Germinated seeds can also be sown in spring or autumn. Sow by point sowing at 5cm x (4-5) cm spacing, with a soil cover of 3-4cm. Transplanting: Can be done in spring or autumn. Spring planting is usually done in late April, before the winter buds sprout; autumn planting is usually done in late October, before the soil freezes. Planting can be done in rows with a spacing of (15-30) cm x (6-12) cm, with flat or slanting planting, and a soil cover of 5-9cm. Use different types of shading structures such as full shade sheds, double-translucent sheds, single-translucent sheds, or double-translucent large sheds, depending on the climate, soil quality, and topography. Disease and pest control.

人参病害种类繁多，在我国有26种，主要有黑斑病、疫病、立枯病、猝倒病、锈病、菌核病、根腐病、细菌性烂根等。虫害有10多种，其中有蝼蛄、蛴螬、金针虫、小地老虎等。应做到精细管理，加强药剂防治。
There are many types of diseases that affect ginseng, with 26 varieties in China, including black spot disease, blight, root rot, sudden wilt disease, rust disease, bacterial blight, root rot, and bacterial soft rot. There are more than 10 types of pests, including mole crickets, wireworms, needle nematodes, and ground tigers. It is important to implement precise management and strengthen the use of pesticides for control.