美商陆，中药名。为商陆科植物美洲商陆phytolacca americana L.的根、叶及种子。具有利水消肿、解毒杀虫的功效，主治肾炎水肿，心衰水肿，腹水，脚气等水肿疾病；无名肿毒，皮肤寄生虫病，血带。
Mei-shang-lu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the root, leaves, and seeds of Phytolacca americana L., a plant in the Phytolaccaceae family. It has the functions of promoting diuresis, reducing swelling, detoxification, and insecticidal effects. It is mainly used to treat edema in nephritis, cardiac edema, ascites, and edema in the legs; as well as for various types of abscesses, parasitic skin diseases, and hemorrhoids.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

利水消肿，解毒杀虫。主治
Promoting diuresis to reduce edema, detoxifying, and killing parasites. Used to treat...

主要用于肾炎水肿，心衰水肿，腹水，脚气等水肿疾病；无名肿毒，皮肤寄生虫病，血带。用法用量
Mainly used for edema in nephritis, edema in heart failure, ascites, athlete's foot and other edematous diseases; unknown swelling and toxicity, skin parasitic diseases, and blood stasis. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，30-50g。外用研末撒或煎水洗。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 30-50g. External use: Powder for sprinkling or decoction for washing. Precautions.

本品有毒，用时宜慎。化学成分
This product is toxic, use with caution. Chemical composition.

根含有毒成分：商陆毒素、黄姜味草醇，并分离出一种促有丝分裂素，分子量32000，含有3.2％单糖、1.4％氨基己糖和异常大量（19％）的胱氨酸。另含脂肪油，内有商陆甾醇、卅一烷、花生酸、棕榈酸、油酸、十七酸等，又含齐墩果酸及硝酸钾。叶含黄酮类：山柰酚及其3-D-本糖甙、黄耆甙、瑞诺甙、异槲皮甙、烟花甙、芸香甙等。成熟果实含红棕色色素，其中约95％是商陆素。果实含色素9.3％（干重，下同）、其中有槲皮素-3-L-阿拉伯糖-7-D-葡萄糖甙，果糖1.4％，葡萄糖4.6％，生物碱2.2％。种子含脂肪曲12％及α-菠菜甾醇、卅一烷、乙酰齐墩果酸等。药理作用
Roots contain toxic components: colchicine, curcumin, and a mitotic agent with a molecular weight of 32000, containing 3.2% monosaccharides, 1.4% amino hexose, and an unusually high amount (19%) of cysteine. They also contain fatty oils, including colchosterol, squalene, arachidic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and heptadecanoic acid, as well as quinic acid and potassium nitrate. Leaves contain flavonoids: quercetin and its 3-D-glycoside, astragaloside, reynoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, genistein, etc. Mature fruits contain reddish-brown pigments, with about 95% being colchicine. Fruits contain 9.3% pigments (dry weight, the same below), including quercetin-3-L-arabinose-7-D-glucoside, fructose 1.4%, glucose 4.6%, and alkaloids 2.2%. Seeds contain 12% fat, as well as α-spinasterol, squalene, acetyl quinic acid, etc. Pharmacological effects.

1、美商陆含皂甙之水溶性物质具局部刺激作用，可引起呕吐。其酒精提取物含树脂样物质，对中枢神经系统有强烈的抑制作用，50毫克/公斤可致猫死亡。猫应用5～10毫升流浸膏引起强烈呕吐，随之以衰竭。1毫升流浸膏（去掉酒精）即可抑制猫的呼吸及循环，4毫升则可使心跳及呼吸停止。美商陆引起的呕吐发生较慢，于用药1-2小时后才开始，而持续很久，呕吐时并无剧烈疼痛或痉挛，却有一些麻醉现象如嗜眠、眩晕与视觉蒙胧。过量时则呕吐更加剧烈并有腹泻，严重衰竭，有时惊厥并引起死亡。本植物各个部分特别是根及未成熟果实对人及牛、马、羊、猪均有毒。有毒成分经煮沸可破坏。果实的浸膏给大鼠，兔、猫口服、腹腔注射及静脉注射可致轻度中毒，毒性比根的制剂弱。中毒症状为轻度抑制。兔和猫静脉注射后血压逐渐升高，偶有期外收缩，由于舒张压降低而使脉压增加，呼吸的频率及深度均减少。人食浆果可致泻。2、根粉对眼有强烈刺激，吸入者可引起鼻炎及头痛。局部应用美商陆浆汁或根的浓煎剂对皮肤有刺激作用。根可引起喷嚏、催吐及致泻作用，并有麻醉作用，引起中毒的成分为商陆碱及商陆毒素，后者有类似印防己毒素的作用.从根分离出的酸性甾体皂甙也是根内有毒成分之一，在试管内有杀灭精子的作用，临床曾试用作避孕剂。3、美商陆提取液还具有血球凝集素、白细胞凝集素及促有丝分裂素的作用。叶的浸膏对金黄色葡萄球菌有抗菌作用。茎的沸水浸膏对大肠杆菌有微弱的抗菌作用，花及叶对之无效。4、采自江西南昌郊区的红商陆，其植物形态与美商陆颇相似，5％水浸剂给家兔滴眼，有明显的扩瞳作用，醇性制剂较差，茎和叶的作用则甚微，试验过程中未见角膜混浊或溃疡，个别曾出现极轻微的球结膜血管充血、水肿等。相关论述

1. American hellebore contains water-soluble substances of saponins that have local irritant effects and can cause vomiting. Its alcohol extract contains resinous substances that have a strong inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, with a lethal dose of 50 milligrams per kilogram in cats. Application of 5-10 milliliters of the fluid extract can induce severe vomiting in cats, followed by collapse. Just 1 milliliter of the fluid extract (alcohol removed) can inhibit a cat's breathing and circulation, while 4 milliliters can stop the heartbeat and breathing. Vomiting caused by American hellebore occurs slowly, starting 1-2 hours after administration and lasting a long time. There is no severe pain or spasms during vomiting, but there are some anesthesia-like symptoms such as drowsiness, dizziness, and blurred vision. In cases of overdose, vomiting becomes more severe, accompanied by diarrhea, severe collapse, sometimes convulsions, and even death. All parts of this plant, especially the roots and immature fruits, are toxic to humans, as well as to cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs. Toxic components can be destroyed by boiling. The fruit extract given orally, intraperitoneally, or intravenously to rats, rabbits, and cats can cause mild poisoning, with less toxicity compared to root preparations. Symptoms of poisoning include mild inhibition. Blood pressure gradually increases in rabbits and cats after intravenous injection, occasionally with extrasystoles. Due to a decrease in diastolic pressure, pulse pressure increases, while the frequency and depth of breathing decrease. Ingesting the berries can cause diarrhea in humans.2. Powdered roots have a strong irritant effect on the eyes, and inhalation can cause rhinitis and headaches. Topical application of American hellebore latex or concentrated decoction of the roots has an irritating effect on the skin. The roots can cause sneezing, induce vomiting and diarrhea, and have an anesthetic effect. The toxic components causing poisoning are helleborine and helleborein, with the latter having a similar effect to colchicine. Acidic steroidal saponins isolated from the roots are also one of the toxic components, with spermicidal effects in vitro, and have been clinically tested as contraceptives.3. American hellebore extract also contains agglutinins for blood cells, leukocytes, and mitogens. A decoction of the leaves has antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus. A hot water decoction of the stems has a weak antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli, while the flowers and leaves are ineffective.4. Red hellebore from the outskirts of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, has a plant morphology similar to American hellebore. A 5% aqueous extract given to rabbits for eye drops has a significant mydriatic effect, while alcoholic preparations are less effective, and the effects of the stems and leaves are minimal. During experiments, no corneal opacity or ulcers were observed, but there were occasional very mild conjunctival congestion and edema.

1、《杭州药植志》：利尿药，用于慢性肾脏炎，肋膜炎，心囊水肿，腹水，脚气等一般水肿；外用可治无名肿毒及皮肤的寄生虫病。2、江西《草药手册》：其根治白带，风湿，并有催吐作用；种子能利尿；叶有解热作用，并治脚气。临床应用 临床应用

1. "Hangzhou Materia Medica": Diuretic medicine, used for chronic nephritis, pleurisy, pericardial effusion, ascites, beriberi and other general edema; externally can treat unknown swelling and skin parasitic diseases.2. "Herbal Manual of Jiangxi": Its roots treat leukorrhea, rheumatism, and have emetic effects; seeds can diurese; leaves have antipyretic effects and treat beriberi. Clinical application.

治白带：美商陆根一至二两。加猪肉半斤炖服。（江西《草药手册》）加工炮制 采收加工
Treating leukorrhea: Take one to two liang of American ginseng. Add half a jin of pork and stew for consumption. (Jiangxi "Herbal Manual") Processing method: Harvest and process.

9-10月采，晒干。植物学信息 植物种属
Harvest in September to October and sun-dry. Botanical information about the plant species.

商陆科植物美洲商陆。形态特征
Sanguisorba officinalis is a plant in the Rosaceae family.

形态与商陆相似，区别在于本种茎紫红色，棱角较为明显，叶片通常较上种略窄，总状果序下垂，雄蕊及心皮通常10枚。花期7-8月，果期8-10月。分布区域
Similar to Polygonum multiflorum in appearance, the main difference lies in the fact that the stems of this species are purple-red in color, with more prominent edges and angles. The leaves are usually slightly narrower than those of Polygonum multiflorum, and the inflorescence is pendulous. The plant typically has around 10 stamens and carpels. It blooms from July to August and bears fruit from August to October. This species is distributed in...

分布于陕西、河北、江苏、山东、浙江、江西、湖北、广西、四川等地。栽培或逸生。生长环境
Distributed in Shaanxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, and other regions. Cultivated or growing wild. Growth environment.

生于林下、路边及宅旁阴湿处。
Born in damp and shady places under the trees, by the roadside, and near houses.