石香葇，中药名。为唇形科植物石香薷Mosla chinensis Maxim.的全草。具有祛暑，活血，理气，化湿的功效。主治夏月感冒，中暑呕恶，腹痛泄泻，跌打瘀痛，湿疹，疖肿。
Shi-xiang-rou, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant of Mosla chinensis Maxim., a plant of the Labiatae family. It has the functions of clearing summer-heat, promoting blood circulation, regulating qi, and resolving dampness. It is mainly used for treating summer colds, heatstroke with nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, bruises and contusions, eczema, and carbuncles.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛暑，活血，理气，化湿。
Clear summer heat, activate blood circulation, regulate qi, and resolve dampness.

主治 Indications

主要用于夏月感冒，中暑呕恶，腹痛泄泻，跌打瘀痛，湿疹，疖肿。
Mainly used for summer colds, heatstroke with nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, bruises and pain from falls, eczema, and abscesses.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-12g；或研末。外用：煎洗、捣烂或研末调敷。
Internal use: decoction, 6-12g; or powdered. External use: decoction for washing, mashed or powdered for application.

化学成分 Chemical Components

含挥发油约0.7％，香荆芥酚65％、香荆芥酚乙酸酯6％，尚有对-聚伞花素、α-侧柏烯、芳樟醇、龙脑、α-石竹烯等。
It contains about 0.7% volatile oil, 65% thymol, 6% thymol acetate, as well as para-cymene, alpha-thujene, linalool, borneol, alpha-caryophyllene, etc.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

挥发油性质稳定，有芳香气味。试管内证明对金黄色葡萄球菌、β-链球菌、脑膜炎球菌、卡他球菌、枯草杆菌、炭疽杆菌、白喉杆菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、弗氏痢疾杆菌等均有较强的抗菌作用。不仅可以抑菌，且有杀菌作用；其杀菌力大大超过石炭酸及大叶桉的挥发油等；血清对其作用无明显影响。香薷油在试管中对A型脑膜炎双球菌抗菌作用很强。0.1％挥发油混悬液喷喉，能在3天内控制流感。体外试验（鸡胚接种）对流感病毒具有一定灭活能力，灭活浓度在1：1000-1：2000之间；其水提取物的灭活浓度在1：200-1：400之间。香薷油50mg皮下注射于幼兔，可出现某些毒性反应。
Essential oil is stable in nature and has a fragrant aroma. In vitro tests have shown strong antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, β-hemolytic streptococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella flexneri. It not only inhibits but also kills bacteria, with bactericidal power far exceeding that of carbolic acid and eucalyptus oil. Serum does not significantly affect its action. Elsholtzia essential oil shows strong antibacterial activity against Type A meningococcus in vitro. A 0.1% suspension sprayed into the throat can control influenza within 3 days. In vitro tests (chicken embryo inoculation) show certain virucidal activity against influenza virus, with effective inactivation concentrations between 1:1000 and 1:2000; the aqueous extract has an inactivation concentration between 1:200 and 1:400. Subcutaneous injection of 50mg of Elsholtzia oil in young rabbits may cause some toxic reactions.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《开宝本草》：主调中温胃，止霍乱吐泻，心腹胀满，脐腹痛，肠鸣。
2. "Kaibao Bencao": Regulates the middle-jiao and warms the stomach, stops cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea, relieves abdominal distension, umbilical abdominal pain, and intestinal rumbling.

2、广州部队《常用中草药手册》：解蛇毒，散瘀定痛，化浊解暑。治毒蛇咬伤，跌打瘀痛，中暑发热，皮肤湿疹瘙痒，多发性疖肿。
2. "Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicine Manual of Guangzhou Troops": Resolves snake venom, disperses stasis and relieves pain, clears turbidity and relieves summer heat. Used for treating snake bites, bruises, heatstroke with fever, skin eczema and itching, and multiple boils.

3、《江西草药》：祛暑理气。治小儿夏季热初期，中暑作呕。
3. "Jiangxi Herbal Medicine": Clears summer heat and regulates qi. Used for treating early-stage summer heat in children and vomiting due to heatstroke.

4、《浙江民间常用草药》：祛暑行气，解表，止痛。治中暑，感冒，胃痛。
4. "Commonly Used Folk Herbal Medicine in Zhejiang": Clears summer heat, promotes qi circulation, resolves exterior conditions, and relieves pain. Used for treating heatstroke, colds, and stomach pain.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、处理白喉和脑膜炎带菌者：用石香薷油含片，每日3次，每次2片，共用3天。各观察4例，均于1-2天转阴。

1. Treatment of carriers of diphtheria and meningococcal meningitis: Use Shi Xiangru oil lozenges, 2 tablets each time, 3 times daily, for 3 days. Four cases were observed, all turning negative within 1–2 days.

用于治疗扁桃体炎和咽部炎症，也有一定疗效。
It also shows certain efficacy in treating tonsillitis and pharyngeal inflammation.

2、用于手术野皮肤消毒：先配制成0.5％石香薷挥发油乙醇溶液，在每100毫升中再加5％碱性复红酒精溶液0.1毫升，即成消毒液。手术前于手术野消毒1-2次，手术后于切口再行消毒1次。观察手术170例，其中包括脾切除，胃次全切除、胃空肠吻合、疝修补、子宫切除、阑尾切除、剖腹探查、卵巢切除及男女绝育手术，除7例化脓性感染手术和1例因用2％浓度消毒致表皮剥脱外，切口均呈Ⅰ期愈合。应用后并无不良的全身反应，对局部虽有一定的刺激性，但未发现有脱屑、红疹等不良现象，故适用于一般健康皮肤的消毒。对于敏感皮肤及粘膜，因有刺痛感，不宜采用。
2. Used for surgical field skin disinfection: Prepare a 0.5% Elsholtzia volatile oil ethanol solution, then add 0.1 ml of 5% alkaline fuchsin alcohol solution per 100 ml to make the disinfectant. Disinfect the surgical site 1–2 times before surgery and once after incision. A total of 170 surgeries were observed, including splenectomy, subtotal gastrectomy, gastrojejunostomy, hernia repair, hysterectomy, appendectomy, exploratory laparotomy, oophorectomy, and sterilization procedures. Except for 7 cases of purulent infection and 1 case of epidermal peeling due to 2% concentration, all incisions healed primarily. No systemic adverse reactions occurred; although mild local irritation was noted, no desquamation or rashes were observed. Hence, it is suitable for disinfection of healthy skin. Not recommended for sensitive skin or mucous membranes due to stinging sensation.

3、治疗阴道霉菌：阴道冲洗后用阴道棉花塞蘸100-300％石香薷蒸馏液塞入阴道内，24小时取出，每天1次，5次为一疗程，月经期暂停治疗；或将蒸馏液稍稀释后作阴道灌洗。对不明原因的外阴瘙痒者，用稀释蒸馏液坐浴。共治疗28例，下次月经后复查痊愈26例。经2年多临床观察，疗效稳定，治愈率达90％以上。如改用油剂，效果更好。
3. Treatment of vaginal candidiasis: After vaginal irrigation, insert cotton plug soaked in 100–300% Shi Xiangru distillate into the vagina, remove after 24 hours, once daily, 5 times as one course (pause during menstruation); alternatively, slightly dilute the distillate for vaginal lavage. For unexplained vulvar itching, use diluted distillate for sitz bath. A total of 28 cases were treated, with 26 cured upon re-examination after the next menstruation. Over two years of clinical observation confirmed stable efficacy with a cure rate over 90%. Oil preparations yield even better results.

4、防治感冒：荠苎、薄荷、陈皮各二钱，金银花茎叶四钱，葱白三个，煎水当茶饮。
4. Prevention and treatment of colds: Two qian each of Luhuaqi (Elsholtzia), mint, and tangerine peel, four qian of honeysuckle stems and leaves, and three scallions, decocted and taken as tea.

5、治中暑腹痛：荠苎一两，水煎服，红糖为引。
5. Treatment of heatstroke-induced abdominal pain: One liang of Luhuaqi, decocted in water, taken with brown sugar.

6、治胃痛：荠苎、黄毛耳草各等量，晒干研末，每次二至三钱，每日三次，温开水送服。（①方以下出《江西草药》）
6. Treatment of stomach pain: Equal amounts of Luhuaqi and Huangmaoerc grass, dried and powdered, 2–3 qian per dose, three times daily, taken with warm water. (Formulas 4–6 are from "Jiangxi Herbal Medicine").

7、治阴部湿疹：细叶香薷煎水洗患处。（《广西中草药》）
7. Treatment of genital eczema: Wash affected area with a decoction of fine-leaved Elsholtzia. (From "Guangxi Materia Medica").

8、治蛇伤疖肿：野香薷鲜品，捣烂外敷。（广州部队《常用中草药手册》）
8. Treatment of snakebite and abscesses: Crush fresh wild Elsholtzia and apply externally. (From "Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicine Manual of Guangzhou Troops").

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏季采收地上部分，除去根部，晒干。
Harvest the aerial parts in summer, remove the roots, and dry in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：干燥全草，全体被毛，长约20-30cm。茎细，上部方柱形，稍呈波状弯曲，有分枝；基部紫红色，上部灰绿色，节明显，节间长约3厘米；质脆，易折断，断面纤维性。叶对生，披针形，灰绿色至绿色，皱缩，易破碎，多无花序。气香，味辛凉而微有灼感。以苗矮，色青绿、叶多，枝嫩者为佳。
The medicinal material is the dried whole herb, covered with hairs, about 20–30 cm long. The stem is slender, upper part square and slightly wavy, branched; base purple-red, upper part grayish-green, distinct nodes with internodes about 3 cm long; brittle, easily broken, fibrous cross-section. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, grayish-green to green, wrinkled and fragile, mostly without inflorescences. Aromatic odor, pungent-cool taste with slight burning sensation. Best quality has short plants, green-blue color, many leaves, and tender branches.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：唇形科植物石香薷。
Botanical species: Elsholtzia ciliata, a plant of the Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高15-45cm。茎直立，方形，绿褐色或略带淡红色，被逆生长柔毛，多分枝。叶对生，线形至线状披针形，长1-2cm，宽2-4mm，先端突尖，基部楔形，边缘具疏锯齿，两面均密被白色细柔毛，并密布腺点。花轮生，每轮着生2朵，由数轮聚成头状或总状，通常顶生；每花具苞片1枚，苞片卵圆形，先端锐尖，基部阔楔圆形，密被白色短柔毛；花萼筒状，5裂，裂片三角状披针形，被短柔毛，边缘密生缘毛；花冠2唇形，淡紫色，上唇较短，先端凹缺，下唇3裂，两侧裂片小而全缘，中间裂片大而具疏锯齿，花冠内外均光滑，仅于下唇中裂片内侧簇生长柔毛；雄蕊2，退化雄蕊2，花丝极短，着生于花冠筒内；子房2深裂，花柱自子房基部着生，柱头2裂。小坚果4，圆形，藏于宿存花萼内。花期9-10月。果期10-11月。
Annual herb, 15–45 cm tall. Stem erect, quadrangular, green-brown or slightly reddish, covered with retrorse soft hairs, highly branched. Leaves opposite, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1–2 cm long, 2–4 mm wide, acute tip, wedge-shaped base, sparsely serrated margins, densely covered with white soft hairs on both sides, with numerous glandular dots. Flowers in whorls, 2 per whorl, several whorls forming head-like or racemose inflorescences, usually terminal. Each flower with one ovate bract, sharply pointed, broadly wedge-shaped base, densely covered with white short hairs. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, lobes triangular-lanceolate, hairy, fringed at edges. Corolla bilabiate, pale purple; upper lip shorter, notched; lower lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes small and entire, central lobe large with sparse teeth, smooth inside and out except for cluster of long hairs on inner side of central lobe. Two fertile stamens and two rudimentary stamens, filaments very short, attached inside corolla tube. Ovary deeply 2-parted, style arising from base, stigma 2-lobed. Four small, round nutlets enclosed in persistent calyx. Flowering: September–October. Fruiting: October–November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于江苏、浙江、福建、广东、广西、湖南、湖北、四川、贵州等地。主产湖南、湖北。此外，广西等地亦产。
Distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, and other regions. Mainly produced in Hunan and Hubei. Also produced in Guangxi and other areas.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于荒地、路边、田边，山坡草丛中。
Grows in wastelands, along roadsides, field edges, and grassy slopes.