鹿药，中药名。为百合科鹿药属植物鹿药Smilacina japonica A.Gray及管花鹿药S.henryi（Baker） Wanget et Tang的根茎及根。具有补肾，活血，祛风，止痛的功效。主治肾虚阳痿，月经不调，偏、正头痛，风湿痹痛，跌打损伤，痈肿疮毒。
Lu-yao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The rhizome and root of plants in the genus Smilacina japonica A.Gray (Lu-yao) and S.henryi (Baker) Wanget et Tang in the Liliaceae family. It has the functions of nourishing the kidney, promoting blood circulation, dispelling wind, and relieving pain. It is used to treat kidney deficiency impotence, irregular menstruation, one-sided or generalized headache, rheumatic arthralgia, bruises, and carbuncles.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

补肾，活血，祛风，止痛。
Tonify the kidneys, activate blood circulation, dispel wind, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

主要用于肾虚阳痿，月经不调，偏、正头痛，风湿痹痛，跌打损伤，痈肿疮毒。
Mainly used for kidney deficiency impotence, irregular menstruation, headache on one side or both sides, rheumatic pain, bruises, abscesses, and sores.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g；或浸酒。外用：捣敷；或加热熨。
Internal use: decoction, 6-15g; or soak in alcohol. External use: crushed for poultice; or apply with heat.

化学成分 Chemical Components

鹿药含黄酮类：异鼠李素3-O-半乳糖苷。
Deer medicine contains flavonoids: isoquercitrin 3-O-galactoside.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《本草经疏》：鹿药，甘能益血，甘能入脾，甘温益阳气，故能主风血去诸冷而益老起阳也。当与黄精、萎蕤、枸杞之类同科。气味和平，性本无毒，补益之外，别无治疗。

1. "Commentary on the Classic of Materia Medica": Deer medicine, sweet in flavor, can nourish the blood, enter the spleen, warm and tonify the yang qi, thus it can govern wind-blood, dispel cold, nourish the elderly, and tonify the yang. It should be used in combination with similar herbs such as Polygonatum, Ophiopogon, and Lycium. It has a harmonious nature, is non-toxic by itself, and is used for tonification and nourishment, with no specific therapeutic effects.

2、《开宝本草》：主风血，去诸冷，浸酒服之。
2. "Kaibao Materia Medica": Governs wind-blood, dispels cold, can be soaked in wine for consumption.

3、《贵州民间药物》：治痨伤，痈毒。
3. "Folk Medicinal Materials of Guizhou": Used for treating tuberculosis damage and carbuncles.

4、《陕西中草药》：祛风镇痛，补气血，壮筋骨。治头痛，偏头痛，风湿疼痛，月经不调，痨伤。
4. "Shaanxi Chinese Medicinal Herbs": Expels wind, alleviates pain, tonifies qi and blood, strengthens tendons and bones. Used for treating headaches, migraines, rheumatic pain, irregular menstruation, and tuberculosis damage.

5、《西藏常用中草药》：壮阳益肾，活血祛瘀，除风湿疼痛，治阳萎，跌打损伤。
5. "Commonly Used Chinese Medicinal Herbs in Tibet": Tonifies yang, nourishes the kidneys, promotes blood circulation, removes blood stasis, relieves rheumatic pain, treats impotence, and injuries from falls.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治头痛，偏头痛：偏头七、当归、川芎、升麻、连翘各二钱。水煎，饭后服。（《陕西中草药》）

1. For treating headaches and migraines: prepare a decoction with 7g of Piantouqi, Danggui, Chuanxiong, Shengma, and Lianqiao. Take it after meals. (From "Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine")

2、治跌打损伤，无名肿毒：偏头七，捣烂敷患处。（《陕甘宁青中草药选》）
2. For treating bruises and injuries with unknown swelling and toxicity: use a paste made from Piantouqi and apply it to the affected area. (From "Selection of Herbal Medicines in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai")

3、治痨伤：盘龙七五钱至一两。泡酒服。
3. For treating tuberculosis-induced injuries: take 37.5g to 50g of Panlongqi. Soak it in alcohol before consumption.

4、治瘩背：盘龙七一钱半，刺老包、红岩百合各一钱，鲜百味连、天南星各八分，同捣绒，拌鸡蛋一个，用布包在疮上。
4. For treating carbuncles on the back: use 1.5g of Panlongqi, 1g of Cilaobao, 1g of Hongyanbaihe, 0.8g of Xian Baimilian, and 0.8g of Tiannanxing. Grind them together, mix with an egg, and apply the mixture to the sore with a cloth.

5、治乳痈：鲜盘龙七、青菜叶各一两，共捣细，用布包好，放在开水里烫热后，取出熨乳部。（3方以下出《贵州民间药物》）
5. For treating breast abscesses: take 50g of fresh Panlongqi and 50g of green vegetable leaves, grind them finely, wrap them in cloth, immerse in boiling water, and then apply to the breast after heating. (From "Guizhou Folk Medicine")

6、治月经不调：偏头七四至五钱，水煎服。（《陕西中草药》）
6. For treating menstrual irregularities: take 4g to 5g of Piantouqi, decoct in water, and consume. (From "Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、秋季采挖，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Harvest in spring or autumn, wash and clean, use fresh or sun-dry.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：干燥根茎略呈结节状，稍扁，长6-15cm，直径0.5-1cm。表面棕色至棕褐色，具皱纹，先端有一至数个茎基或芽基，周围密生多数须根。质较硬，断面白色，粉性。气微，味甜、微辛。以根茎粗壮、断面白色、粉性足者为佳。
Medicinal properties: The dried rhizome is slightly nodular, slightly flattened, 6-15cm long, and 0.5-1cm in diameter. The surface is brown to brownish, wrinkled, with one to several stem bases or bud bases at the apex, and densely covered with numerous root hairs around. It is hard in texture, with a white, powdery cut surface. It has a mild aroma, sweet taste, and slightly pungent flavor. The preferred characteristics include thick and stout rhizomes, white powdery cut surface.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：百合科鹿药属植物鹿药及管花鹿药。
Plant species: The lily family includes the plants of the genus Smilacina, such as Smilacina japonica and Smilacina henryi.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

1、鹿药：多年生草本，高30-60cm。根茎横走，多少圆柱状，直径6-10mm，有时具膨大结节。茎中部以上具粗伏毛。叶互生，4-9枚；叶柄长3-15mm；叶片纸质，卵状椭圆形、椭圆形或长圆形，长6-13cm，宽3-7cm，先端近短渐尖，基部圆形，两面疏被粗毛或近无毛。圆锥花序长3-6cm，具粗短毛；花单生，花梗长2-6mm，花被片6，分离或仅基部稍合生，长圆形或长圆状倒卵形，长约3mm，白色；雄蕊6，花丝基部贴生于花被片上，花药小；子房3室，花柱与子房近等长，柱头几不裂。浆果近球形，直径5-6mm，熟时红色，具1-2颗种子。花期5-6月，果期8-9月。

1. Smilacina japonica: A perennial herb, 30-60cm tall. The rhizome is creeping, somewhat cylindrical, 6-10mm in diameter, sometimes with swollen nodes. The upper part of the stem has coarse appressed hairs. Leaves are alternate, 4-9 in number; petioles 3-15mm long; leaf blades are papery, ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or lanceolate, 6-13cm long, 3-7cm wide, apex nearly short-acuminate, base rounded, sparsely hairy or nearly glabrous on both sides. The panicle is 3-6cm long, with coarse short hairs; flowers solitary, pedicels 2-6mm long; tepals 6, separate or slightly connate at base, oblong or oblong-spatulate, about 3mm long, white; stamens 6, filaments attached at base of tepals, small anthers; ovary 3-locular, style nearly as long as ovary, stigma nearly entire. Berry nearly spherical, 5-6mm in diameter, red when ripe, with 1-2 seeds. Flowering May-June, fruiting August-September.

2、管花鹿药：多年生草本，植株高50-80cm。根茎直径1-2cm。茎中部以上具短硬毛或微硬毛，少有无毛。叶互生，具短柄或几无柄；叶片椭圆形、卵形或长圆形，长9-22cm，宽3.5-11cm，先端渐尖或具短尖，两面具伏毛或近无毛。花多少偏于轴的一侧，通常排成总状花序，有时基部具1-2个分枝或具多个分枝而成圆锥花序，花序长3-7cm，具毛；花梗长1.5-5mm，具毛；花被高脚碟状，筒部长6-10mm，裂片6，开展，长2-3mm；雄蕊6，生于花被筒喉部，花丝极短，花药长约0.7mm；子房3室，花柱稍长于子房，柱头3裂。浆果球形，直径7-9mm，熟时红色，具2-4颗种子。花期5-6月，果期8-10月。
2. Smilacina henryi: A perennial herb, 50-80cm tall. Rhizome 1-2cm in diameter. Upper stem with short stiff or slightly stiff hairs, sometimes nearly glabrous. Leaves alternate, short-petiolate or nearly sessile; blades elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate, 9-22cm long, 3.5-11cm wide, apex gradually acute or shortly pointed, both surfaces with appressed hairs or nearly glabrous. Flowers slightly unilateral, usually racemose, sometimes with 1-2 branches at base or multiple branches forming a panicle, 3-7cm long, hairy; pedicels 1.5-5mm long, hairy; perianth high-footed, tubular portion 6-10mm long, 6 lobes spreading, 2-3mm long; stamens 6, inserted at throat of tube, filaments very short, anthers ~0.7mm long; ovary 3-locular, style slightly longer than ovary, stigma 3-lobed. Berry spherical, 7-9mm in diameter, red when ripe, with 2-4 seeds. Flowering May-June, fruiting August-October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

1、鹿药：分布于东北及河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、四川和贵州。

1. Smilacina japonica: Distributed in Northeast China, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, and Guizhou.

2、管花鹿药：分布于西南、及山西、陕西、甘肃、河南、湖北、湖南、西藏等地。
2. Smilacina henryi: Distributed in Southwest China, as well as Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, and Tibet.

生长环境 Growing Environment

1、鹿药：生于林下荫湿处或岩缝中。

1. Smilacina japonica: Grows in shady and damp places under forests or in rock crevices.

2、管花鹿药：生于海拔1300-4000m的林下、灌丛下、水旁湿地或林缘。
2. Smilacina henryi: Grows in forest understory, shrublands, wetlands near water, or forest margins at altitudes of 1300-4000 meters.