石荠苧，中药名。为唇形科植物石荠苧Mosla scabra (Thumb.) C.Y.Wu et H.W.Li [Orthodon scabra (Thunb.)Hand.=-Mand.;Mosla punctata (Thunb.) Maxim.]的全草。具有疏风解表、清暑除温、解毒止痒的功效。主治感冒头痛、咳嗽、中暑、风疹炎、痢疾、痔血、血崩、热痱、湿疹、肢癣、蛇虫咬伤。
Shi-ji-ning, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the whole plant of Mosla scabra (Thumb.) C.Y.Wu et H.W.Li [Orthodon scabra (Thunb.) Hand.-Mazz.; Mosla punctata (Thunb.) Maxim.], a plant of the Labiatae family. It has the functions of dispersing wind, clearing heat, detoxifying, and relieving itching. It is mainly used for treating colds, headaches, coughs, heatstroke, rubella, dysentery, hemorrhoids, bleeding, prickly heat, eczema, tinea, and snake or insect bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

疏风解表、清暑除湿、解毒止痒。
Dispersing wind and releasing the exterior, clearing heat and removing dampness, detoxifying and stopping itching.

主治 Indications

感冒头痛、咳嗽、中暑、风疹、痢疾、痔血、血崩、热痱、湿疹、体癣、蛇虫咬伤。
Cold headache, cough, heatstroke, rubella, dysentery, hemorrhoidal bleeding, menorrhagia, prickly heat, eczema, tinea corporis, snake and insect bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，4.5-15g。外用：煎水洗；或捣敷；或烧存性研末调敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 4.5–15g. External use: Wash with decoction; or apply as a poultice; or burn until charred, then grind into powder and apply with liquid.

注意事项 Precautions

体虚者感冒慎用，孕妇慎用。
Use with caution in individuals with deficiency patterns during colds and in pregnant women.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

含生物碱、皂苷、鞣质约5％和挥发油0.57-3.5％。挥发油的主要成分为l-侧柏酮75％、d-香桧烯11％、d-柠檬烯8％、α-石竹烯、水芹烯等。
Contains alkaloids, saponins, approximately 5% tannins, and 0.57–3.5% volatile oil. The main components of the volatile oil are l-alpha-thujone (75%), d-sabinene (11%), d-limonene (8%), alpha-caryophyllene, and myrcene.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1. 《本草拾遗》：主风血冷气，疮疥，痔漏下血，并煮汁服。
   "Compendium of Materia Medica": Used for dispelling wind, cold, and dampness, treating ulcers, scabies, hemorrhoids with bleeding, by boiling and consuming the juice.

2. 汪连仕《采药书》：润肌肤，滋颜色，败疮毒，止蛇咬、蜂螫，取叶擦之。
   Wang Lianshi's "Book of Medicinal Herbs": Moistens the skin, nourishes the complexion, treats ulcerous toxins, stops snake bites and bee stings, applied by rubbing the leaves.

3. 《李氏草秘》：治诸疖肿毒。
   "Li's Secret Herbal": Treats various abscesses, swellings, and toxins.

4. 《分类草药性》：治痧症，霍乱，解毒，去暑热。
   "Classification of Medicinal Properties of Herbs": Treats tetanus, cholera, detoxifies, and relieves summer heat.

5. 《福建民间草药》：除湿祛风，疗湿疹，止瘙痒。
   "Fujian Folk Herbal Medicine": Eliminates dampness and dispels wind. Treats eczema and relieves itching.

6. 《广西中药志》：祛风，散瘀，破结，消毒。治伤寒头痛，中风口噤，衄血，肠风，崩中，血痢，痈肿，跌打。
   "Guangxi Herbal Records": Dispels wind, disperses stasis, breaks up accumulations, disinfects. Treats typhoid headache, stroke-induced lockjaw, nosebleeds, intestinal wind, menorrhagia, bloody dysentery, carbuncles, and bruises.

7. 《浙江民间常用草药》：清暑解表，消肿，解毒。治感冒，中暑，痱子，无名肿毒，蜈蚣咬伤。
   "Commonly Used Folk Herbal Medicines in Zhejiang": Clears summer-heat, resolves exterior conditions, reduces swelling, detoxifies. Treats colds, heatstroke, prickly heat, unidentified swellings, and centipede bites.

8. 《温岭县药物资源名录》：止血。治创伤出血，感冒咳嗽。
   "Directory of Medicinal Resources in Wenling County": Stops bleeding. Treats traumatic bleeding, colds, and coughs.

临床应用 Clinical Application

1. 治感冒：石荠苧全草9-15g，白菊花9-15朵。酌冲开水炖服。（《福建民间草药》）
   Treating common cold: 9–15g of whole herb of Mosla scabra and 9–15 chrysanthemum flowers. Infuse in boiling water and drink. (Fujian Folk Herbal Medicine)

2. 治暑热：石荠苧60g，黄花蒿30g，竹叶心15g，白糖适量。水煎服。（南京部队《常用中草药》）
   Treating heatstroke: 60g of Mosla scabra, 30g of Artemisia annua, 15g of bamboo leaf heart, appropriate amount of white sugar. Decoction and drink. (Nanjing Military Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicine)

3. 治痢疾里急后重：石荠苧45g。捣绞汁，调乌糖服。（《泉州本草》）
   Treating dysentery with urgency and tenesmus: 45g of Mosla scabra. Crush and squeeze the juice, mix with brown sugar and drink. (Quanzhou Materia Medica)

4. 治鼻出血：狭叶荠苧鲜叶，揉烂，塞鼻孔。（《成都中草药》）
   Treating nosebleeds: Fresh leaves of Mosla chinensis, crush and plug into nostrils. (Chengdu Chinese Herbal Medicine)

5. 治痔瘘下血：鲜石荠苧45-60g。捣绞汁，调开水服。（《泉州本草》）
   Treating bleeding hemorrhoids: 45–60g of fresh Mosla scabra. Crush and squeeze the juice, mix with boiled water and drink. (Quanzhou Materia Medica)

6. 治湿疹，脚癣：石荠苧全草一握。煎汤浴洗。（《福建民间草药》）
   Treating eczema and athlete’s foot: A handful of whole Mosla scabra herb. Decoction for bathing. (Fujian Folk Herbal Medicine)

7. 治痱子：石荠苧全草，煎水洗，或嫩叶搓烂，揉擦患处。（南京部队《常用中草药》）
   Treating prickly heat: Whole Mosla scabra herb, decoct for washing, or crush tender leaves and rub on affected area. (Nanjing Military Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicine)

8. 治毒蛇咬伤：石荠苧干品60g。泡酒500ml，每次服10-15ml，每日2-3次。外用鲜品捣敷。（《红河中草药》）
   Treating snake bites: 60g dried Mosla scabra soaked in 500ml liquor. Take 10–15ml each time, 2–3 times daily. For external use, apply crushed fresh herb.

9. 治蜈蚣咬伤：石荠苧鲜叶擦患处，或烧存性研末加麻油调敷。（《浙江民间常用草药》）
   Treating centipede bites: Rub fresh Mosla scabra leaves on affected area, or burn until charred, grind to powder, and mix with sesame oil for application. (Zhejiang Folk Commonly Used Herbal Medicine)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：7-8月采收全草，晒干或鲜用。
Harvesting and processing: The whole plant is harvested from July to August, sun-dried or used fresh.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Material

1. 茎表面观：表皮细胞类长方形，稍现层纹，有1-3（-5）细胞的非腺毛，长80-148（-200）μm，基部直径16-32μm，壁上有疣状突起；尚有少数单细胞头的小腺毛。
   Stem surface observation: Epidermal cells are elongated rectangular, slightly layered, bearing non-glandular hairs with 1–3 (–5) cells, 80–148 (–200) μm long, base diameter 16–32 μm, with wart-like protrusions on the wall; also a few single-celled headed small glandular hairs.

2. 叶表面观：上表皮细胞垂周壁平直，有角质层纹理；单细胞非腺毛长24-28μm，短圆锥形。上、下表面叶脉上约有1-4细胞的非腺毛，长45-300μm，外壁有疣状突起；另有单细胞头小腺毛及多细胞腺鳞，下表面腺鳞很多。
   Leaf surface observation: Upper epidermal cells have straight periclinal walls with cuticular striations; single-cell non-glandular hairs are 24–28 μm long, short conical. On upper and lower surfaces along veins, non-glandular hairs with 1–4 cells, 45–300 μm long, with wart-like outer wall projections; also present are single-celled small glandular hairs and multicellular glandular scales, numerous on the lower surface.

药材性状 Characteristics of Medicinal Material

茎呈方柱形，多分枝，长20-60cm，表面有向下的柔毛。叶多皱缩，展平后呈卵形或长椭圆形，长1-4cm，宽0.8-2cm，边缘有浅锯齿，叶面近无毛，具黄褐色腺点。可见由轮伞花序组成的顶生假总状花序，花多脱落，花萼宿存。小坚果类球形，表皮黄褐色，有网状凸起的皱纹。气清香浓郁，味辛、凉。
Stem is square-shaped, highly branched, 20–60 cm long, with downward-curving soft hairs on surface. Leaves are wrinkled, when flattened become ovate or elongated-elliptic, 1–4 cm long, 0.8–2 cm wide, with shallow serrations at margin, nearly glabrous with yellow-brown glandular spots. Terminal false raceme composed of cymose inflorescences visible; flowers mostly fallen, calyx persistent. Small nuts nearly spherical, yellow-brown surface with reticulate raised wrinkles. Strongly fragrant aroma, pungent and cool taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：唇形科石荠苧属植物石荠苧。
Plant species: Mosla scabra, belonging to the genus Mosla in the Lamiaceae (mint) family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高20-100cm。茎直立，四棱形，密被短柔毛。叶对生；叶柄长3-16mm，被短柔毛；叶片卵形或卵状披针形，长1.5-3.5cm，宽0.9-1.7cm，先端急尖或钝，基部宽楔形，边缘具锯齿，近基部全缘，上面被柔毛，下面被疏短柔毛，密布凹陷腺点。轮伞花序2花，在主茎及侧枝上组成顶生的假总状花序，长2.5-15cm；苞片卵形，长2.7-3.5cm，先端尾状渐尖，被柔毛；花萼钟形，长约2.5mm，外面被疏柔毛，上唇3齿，卵状披针形，中齿略小，下唇2齿，线形，先端锐尖；花冠粉红色，长4-5mm，外面被微柔毛，上唇先端微缺，下唇3裂，中裂片较大，边缘具齿；雄蕊4，后对能育，花药2室，叉开，前对退化；子房4裂，花柱基生，柱头2浅裂。小坚果黄褐色，球形，直径约1mm，具突起的皱纹。花期5-10月，果期6-11月。
Annual herb, 20–100 cm tall. Stem erect, quadrangular, densely covered with short soft hairs. Leaves opposite; petiole 3–16 mm long, hairy; blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–3.5 cm long, 0.9–1.7 cm wide, acute or obtuse at apex, broadly cuneate at base, serrated margin, nearly entire near base, upper surface pubescent, lower surface sparsely short-hairy, densely dotted with sunken glandular pits. Umbel inflorescences with 2 flowers forming terminal false racemes on main stem and branches, 2.5–15 cm long; bracts ovate, 2.7–3.5 cm long, caudate-acuminate, hairy; calyx campanulate, ~2.5 mm long, sparsely hairy externally; upper lip with 3 teeth, ovate-lanceolate, middle tooth slightly smaller; lower lip with 2 linear teeth, acutely pointed; corolla pink, 4–5 mm long, sparsely pubescent externally; upper lip slightly notched, lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe larger with toothed edges; stamens 4, posterior pair fertile with 2-celled anthers diverging, anterior pair sterile; ovary deeply 4-lobed, style basal, stigma shallowly 2-lobed. Nutlets yellow-brown, spherical, ~1 mm in diameter, with prominent reticulate wrinkles. Flowering from May to October, fruiting from June to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于辽宁、陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西和四川。
Distributed in Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔50-1150m的山坡、路旁、灌丛或沟边潮湿地。
Grows on mountain slopes, roadsides, thickets, or moist areas along ditches at altitudes of 50–1150 meters.