胡颓子叶，中药名。为胡颓子科胡颓子属植物胡颓子Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.的叶。具有止咳平喘，止血，解毒的功效。主治肺虚咳嗽，气喘，咳血，吐血，外伤出血，痈疽，痔疮肿痛。
Hu-tui-zi-ye, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Leaves of Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.), belonging to the Elaeagnus genus of the Elaeagnaceae family. It has the effects of relieving cough and asthma, stopping bleeding, and detoxification. It is mainly used for treating cough due to lung deficiency, asthma, coughing up blood, vomiting blood, external bleeding, carbuncles, and painful hemorrhoids.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

止咳平喘，止血，解毒。
Relieve cough and asthma, stop bleeding, and detoxify.

主治 Indications

主要用于肺虚咳嗽，气喘，咳血，吐血，外伤出血，痈疽，痔疮肿痛。
Mainly used for cough due to lung deficiency, asthma, hemoptysis, hematemesis, external bleeding, carbuncle, and painful hemorrhoids.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g；或捣汁；或研末，每次2-3g。外用：捣敷；或研末调敷；或煎汤熏洗。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g; or juice; or powder, 2-3g each time. External use: Mashed application; or powder for application; or decoction for fumigation and washing.

注意事项 Precautions

尚不明确。
Not clear yet.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

叶含羽扇豆醇、熊果酸、齐墩果酸、β-谷甾醇、熊竹素及挥发油。
Leaves contain lupeol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol, betulin, and volatile oil.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《中藏经》：治喘嗽上气。

1. "Zhong Zang Jing": Treats wheezing and shortness of breath.

2、《本草纲目》：主治肺虚短气喘咳。
2. "Compendium of Materia Medica": Used to treat lung deficiency, shortness of breath, asthma, and cough.

3、南药《中草药学》：平喘止咳。主治肺虚咳嗽，气喘。
3. Southern Medicine "Chinese Materia Medica": Relieves asthma and cough. It is used to treat cough and asthma caused by lung deficiency.

4、《本草纲目》：蒲颓叶治喘咳方，出《中藏经》，云甚者亦效如神。云有人患喘三十年，服之顿愈。甚者服药后，胸上生小瘾疹作痒，则瘥也。虚甚加人参等分，名清肺散。大抵皆取其酸涩，收敛肺气耗散之功耳。
4. "Compendium of Materia Medica": The leaves of Pudue are used to treat asthma and cough, as recorded in the "Zhong Zang Jing", which states that it is remarkably effective. It is said that a person suffering from asthma for thirty years was immediately relieved after taking it. In severe cases, after taking the medicine, small rashes appeared on the chest and caused itching, but then healed. For severe cases, add ginseng in equal parts, and it is called "Clear Lung Powder". In general, the medicinal properties are mainly sour and astringent, with the function of consolidating and astringing the lung qi.

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治一切肺喘剧甚者：蒲颓叶焙研为细末。米饮调服二钱匕，并服取瘥。（《中藏经》）

1. For treating severe asthma, grind roasted leaves of pú tuí (蒲颓, Typha angustifolia) into a fine powder. Mix two qian (a traditional Chinese unit of weight) of the powder with rice water and take it as a drink. This prescription can help to alleviate the condition. (From "Zhong Zang Jing")

2、治咳嗽：鲜胡颓子叶一两。煎汤，加糖少许内服。（《泉州本草》）
2. Treatment for cough: Take fresh Houttuynia cordata leaves (30g), decoct in water, and take orally with a little sugar. (From "Quanzhou Materia Medica")

3、治肺结核咳血：鲜胡颓子叶八钱，冰糖五钱。开水冲炖，饭后服，日报二次。（《闽东本草》）
3. Treatment for hemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis: Take 24 grams of fresh Houttuynia cordata leaves and 15 grams of rock sugar. Infuse with boiling water, stew, and take after meals, twice daily. (From "Materia Medica of Eastern Fujian")

4、治支气管哮喘，慢性支气管炎：胡颓子叶、枇杷叶各五钱，水煎服；或胡颓子叶研粉，每天服二次，每次一钱半，酌加白糖或蜂蜜，开水冲服。（《浙江民间常用草药》）
4. Treatment for bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis: Take 5 grams each of Hutiuzi leaves and loquat leaves, decoct in water and take orally; or grind Hutiuzi leaves into powder, take twice a day, 1.5 grams each time, with added white sugar or honey, and take with boiling water. (From "Commonly Used Folk Herbs in Zhejiang")

5、治痈疽发背，金疮出血：鲜胡颓叶捣烂敷患处。（《泉州本草》）
5. For treating carbuncles and furuncles with bleeding wounds: Crush fresh leaves of Hu Tui and apply to the affected area. (From "Quanzhou Materia Medica")

6、治蜂、蛇咬伤：鲜胡颓叶捣烂绞汁和酒服，渣敷患处。（《泉州本草》）
6. Treatment for bee and snake bites: Crush fresh leaves of Houttuynia cordata, extract the juice, mix with alcohol, and take orally. Apply the residue to the affected area. (From "Quanzhou Materia Medica")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工全年均可采，鲜用或晒干。炮制方法取原药材，除去杂质，洗净，切丝，干燥。保存方法贮干燥容器内，置通风干燥处。
Can be harvested all year round, and can be used fresh or dried. Processing method: Collect the raw medicinal materials, remove impurities, wash thoroughly, cut into shreds, and dry. Storage method: Store in a dry container and place in a well-ventilated, dry area.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

1、显微鉴别：叶片横切面：主脉上表皮细胞外侧角质层很厚，厚5-6μm，下表皮细胞外侧角质层较薄，厚3-4μm，有时可见非腺毛的纵切面，柄部可见3-4个并列的长方形细胞，上部呈水牛角状的两歧分枝，细胞壁木质化。上表皮下有2层排列整齐的厚角细胞，再向内为排列疏松的类圆形薄壁细胞，内中均含叶绿粒，少数细胞内含细小的草酸钙短柱晶，成丛存在于细胞中，下表皮内侧有数层厚角细胞，再向内为较大的类圆形薄壁细胞，主脉维管束呈半圆形，维管束鞘纤维分散环绕于维管束外，常2至数个纤维聚成一堆，壁厚，腔小，木质化。维管束木质部围成半圆形，含导管、管胞和单列射线，中央有排列疏松的薄壁细胞形成半月形似髓部，韧皮部在木质部外侧亦形成半圆形，此外偶见薄壁细胞中含有单宁物质。叶片厚约0.2mm，表皮细胞同主脉，上表皮下具一列排列紧密整齐的椭圆形厚角细胞，下表皮有时可见气孔的断面及非腺毛的纵切面，栅栏组织为2-4层圆柱形细胞，海绵组织细胞排列疏松，宽度与栅栏组织近相等，个别细胞内含成丛的细小短柱晶。侧脉纸管束分布其间。

1. Microscopic identification: Leaf transverse section: The outer cuticle of the upper epidermal cells on the main vein is very thick (5–6 μm), while that of the lower epidermal cells is thinner (3–4 μm). Non-glandular hairs may be seen in longitudinal section, with 3–4 rectangular cells in the stalk and bifurcated, buffalo-horn-like branches above, with lignified cell walls. Below the upper epidermis are two layers of neatly arranged collenchyma cells, followed by loosely arranged round parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts. A few cells contain clusters of small calcium oxalate prisms. Several layers of collenchyma cells lie beneath the lower epidermis, followed inward by larger round parenchyma cells. The vascular bundle of the main vein is semi-circular, with bundle sheath fibers scattered around it, often grouped in twos or more, thick-walled, narrow-lumen, and lignified. The xylem forms a semi-circle, containing vessels, tracheids, and uniseriate rays. Loosely arranged parenchyma cells form a crescent-shaped pith-like region in the center. The phloem forms a semi-circle outside the xylem. Tannins occasionally occur in parenchyma cells. The leaf is about 0.2 mm thick. Epidermal cells resemble those of the main vein. Below the upper epidermis is one row of tightly packed elliptical collenchyma cells. Stomatal cross-sections and non-glandular hair longitudinal sections may be seen on the lower epidermis. Palisade tissue consists of 2–4 layers of cylindrical cells; spongy tissue is loosely arranged, nearly equal in width to palisade tissue, with some cells containing clusters of tiny prisms. Lateral vein bundles are distributed among them.

2、粉末特征：黄绿色。①黄棕色盾状鳞片，直径300-500μm，由无数一端尖锐的细长细胞放射排列组成，其另一端集中于中心，各细胞的侧壁全部相连；柄部由数枚细胞组成，所有细胞壁全部木质化。②透明的星状非腺毛，头部直径115-300μm，由数十枚细长细胞组成，其一端略膨大，集中于中心，另一端渐尖，游离放射状伸出，侧壁仅在近中央的一端部分相连，柄部的组成与盾状鳞片相似，细胞壁全部木质化。③草酸钙柱晶，长2-4μm。④纤维木质化，直径6-11μm。⑤叶的上表皮细胞波状弯曲。⑥下表皮细胞多角形。
2. Powder characteristics: yellow-green. ① Yellow-brown shield-shaped scales, 300–500 μm in diameter, composed of numerous slender cells radiating from a sharp end and converging at the center, with fully connected side walls; stalk composed of several cells, all cell walls lignified. ② Transparent star-shaped non-glandular hairs, head diameter 115–300 μm, composed of dozens of slender cells, slightly enlarged at one end (centered), tapering at the other, freely radiating, with side walls partially connected near the center; stalk similar to shield-shaped scales, fully lignified. ③ Calcium oxalate prisms, 2–4 μm long. ④ Lignified fibers, 6–11 μm in diameter. ⑤ Wavy upper epidermal cells. ⑥ Polygonal lower epidermal cells.

3、本品粉末2g，加乙醇10ml，温浸(50-60℃)2小时,滤过;取滤液2ml，加盐酸1-2滴，再加镁粉少许，温水浴中保温片刻，溶液显淡红色。(黄酮反应)
3. Take 2g of the powder, add 10ml ethanol, warm soak at 50–60°C for 2 hours, filter. Take 2ml filtrate, add 1–2 drops of hydrochloric acid and a small amount of magnesium powder, incubate in warm water bath for a moment; the solution turns light red. (Flavonoid reaction)

药材性状 Macroscopic Characteristics of the Medicinal Material

叶片椭圆形或长圆形，长4-9cm，宽2-2cm，先端钝尖，基部圆形，全缘或微波状缘，革质，上表面浅绿色或黄绿色，具光泽散生少数黑褐色鳞片；叶背面被银白色星状毛，并散生多数黑褐色或浅棕色鳞片，主脉在叶背面突出，密生黑褐色鳞片，叶片常向背面反卷，有时成筒状。叶柄粗短，长0.5-1cm，灰黑色。质稍硬脆，气微，味微涩。
The leaf blade is elliptic or oblong, 4–9 cm long and 2–4 cm wide, with a blunt or pointed tip, rounded base, entire or slightly wavy margin, leathery texture. Upper surface is light green or yellow-green, shiny, sparsely covered with black-brown scales. Lower surface covered with silvery star-shaped hairs and scattered black-brown or light brown scales. Main vein prominent on lower surface, densely covered with black-brown scales. Leaf blade often curled backward, sometimes tubular. Petiole short and thick, 0.5–1 cm long, gray-black. Slightly hard and brittle texture, faint odor, slightly astringent taste.

饮片性状 Characteristics of Processed Slices

为不规则丝状，丝宽5-10mm，上表面光滑，下表面灰白色，被银白色鳞片，散生点状褐色鳞斑。革质，气微，味微涩。
Irregular filamentous slices, 5–10 mm wide, smooth upper surface, gray-white lower surface covered with silvery scales and scattered brownish spots. Leathery texture, faint odor, slightly astringent taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属胡颓子科植物胡颓子。
The plant is Elaeagnus pungens Thunb., belonging to the Elaeagnaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

常绿直立灌木，高3-4m。具刺，刺长20-40mm，深褐色；小枝密被锈色鳞片，老枝鳞片脱落后显黑色，具光泽。叶互生；叶柄长5-8mm；叶片革质，椭圆形或阔椭圆形，长5-10cm，宽1.8-5cm，两端钝或基部圆形，边缘微反卷或微波状，上面绿色，有光泽，下面银白色，密被银白色和少数褐色鳞片；侧脉7-9对，与中脉开展成50-60°角，网状脉在上面明显。花白色或银白色，下垂，被鳞片，1-3朵生于叶腋；花梗长3-5mm，花被筒圆形或漏斗形，长5-7mm，先端4裂，裂片内面被短柔毛；雄蕊4，花丝极短；子房上位，花柱直立，无毛。果实椭圆形，长12-14mm，幼时被褐色鳞片，成熟时红色；果核内面具白色丝状棉毛。花期9-12月，果期翌年4-6月。
Evergreen upright shrub, 3–4 m tall. Armed with thorns 20–40 mm long, deep brown. Young branches densely covered with rust-colored scales; older branches become black and glossy when scales fall off. Leaves alternate; petiole 5–8 mm long; leaf blade leathery, elliptic or broadly elliptic, 5–10 cm long, 1.8–5 cm wide, blunt-ended or rounded at base, margin slightly revolute or undulate. Upper surface green and glossy; lower surface silvery-white, densely covered with silvery and a few brown scales. Lateral veins 7–9 pairs, spreading from midrib at 50–60° angle; reticulate venation evident on upper surface. Flowers white or silvery-white, pendulous, scaly, 1–3 borne in leaf axils; pedicel 3–5 mm long; floral tube cylindrical or funnel-shaped, 5–7 mm long, apex 4-lobed, inner surface of lobes pubescent. Stamens 4, filaments very short. Ovary superior, style erect, glabrous. Fruit ellipsoid, 12–14 mm long, young fruit covered with brown scales, turning red when mature; endocarp lined with white silky cottony hairs. Flowering period: September to December; fruiting period: April to June of the following year.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州等地。
Distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1000m以下的向阳山坡或路旁。
Grows on sunny slopes or roadsides at altitudes below 1000 meters.

生长习性 Growth Habits

适应性较强，耐寒。对土壤要求不严。
Has strong adaptability and cold resistance. Not particular about soil conditions.

繁殖方式 Reproduction Method

用种子或扦插繁殖。
Propagated by seeds or cuttings.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

种子繁殖，于春季播种育苗，苗高30cm以上时移植。西南地区多用扦插繁殖，在苗床上每隔10-15cm插1条，成活后按株距2m定植。
Seed propagation: sow and raise seedlings in spring, transplant when seedlings reach over 30 cm in height. In southwestern China, cutting propagation is commonly used—insert one cutting every 10–15 cm in the nursery bed, and after rooting, transplant with a spacing of 2 meters between plants.