雷公藤，中药名。为卫矛科雷公藤属植物雷公藤Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.根的木质部。具有祛风湿，活血通络，消肿止痛，杀虫解毒的功效。主治风湿顽痹，麻风，顽癣，湿疹，疥疮，疔疮肿毒。
Lei-gong-teng, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.) is the woody root of the plant belonging to the genus Tripterygium in the family of Celastraceae. It has the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling and relieving pain, as well as killing insects and detoxifying. It is mainly used to treat rheumatism, leprosy, stubborn tinea, eczema, scabies, and carbuncle swelling and toxicity.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿，活血通络，消肿止痛，杀虫解毒。
Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling and relieving pain, killing parasites and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

1、风湿顽痹：本品有较强的祛风湿，活血通络之功，为治风湿顽痹要药，苦寒清热力强，消肿止痛功效显著，尤宜于关节红肿热痛、肿胀难消、晨僵、功能受限，甚至关节变形者。
Rheumatism and stubborn arthralgia: This product has strong effects in dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation, and unblocking meridians. It is an essential medicine for treating rheumatism and stubborn arthralgia. Its bitter and cold properties have strong heat-clearing abilities, remarkable effects in reducing swelling and alleviating pain. It is particularly suitable for conditions such as joint redness, swelling, heat, and pain, difficulty in reducing swelling, morning stiffness, limited function, and even joint deformities.

2、麻风，顽癣，湿疹，疥疮：本品苦燥除湿止痒，杀虫攻毒，对多种皮肤病皆有良效。
Leprosy, stubborn ringworm, eczema, scabies: This product is bitter and dry, clears dampness, relieves itching, kills parasites, and is effective for various skin diseases.

3、疔疮肿毒：本品苦寒清热解毒，并能以毒攻毒，消肿止痛，治热毒痈肿疔疮。
Boils and abscesses: This remedy is bitter, cold, clears heat, detoxifies, and has the ability to counteract toxins with toxins. It can reduce swelling, alleviate pain, and treat hot abscesses and boils caused by toxic heat.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，10-25g（带根皮者减量），文火煎1-2小时；研粉，每日1.5-4.5g。外用：适量。
Internal use: Decoction, 10-25g (reduce the amount for those with root bark), simmer over low heat for 1-2 hours; powder, 1.5-4.5g daily. External use: As needed.

不良反应 Adverse Reactions

1、毒性较大，初用者从小剂量开始，服3-4天后逐渐适应可渐加至常用量。煎剂至少煎煮1小时以上，以减其毒性。鲜品毒性成分较高，用量取其下限。
This substance is highly toxic. Beginners should start with a small dose and gradually increase it to the standard dose after taking it for 3-4 days. When decocting, it should be boiled for at least 1 hour to reduce its toxicity. Fresh products contain higher levels of toxic components, so the dosage should be kept at the lower limit.

2、其中毒类型可分为3种：
The types of poisoning can be divided into three categories:

（1）急性毒性反应，中毒症状于服药后立即或数小时内发生，有多个脏器损害，甚至死亡。
Acute toxic reactions refer to poisoning symptoms that occur immediately or within a few hours after taking the medication, causing damage to multiple organs and even death.

（2）慢性中毒反应，多在用药过程中出现某系统脏器损害，其进展缓慢。
Chronic toxic reactions often manifest as damage to certain organ systems during the course of medication, and their progression is slow.

（3）迟发性毒性反应，急性中毒症状经处理后可消失，但经过一段时间症状又可复发。急性中毒后催吐，洗胃，导泻，以迅速排出毒物。输液排毒。扩容利尿。
Delayed toxic reactions: acute poisoning symptoms may disappear after treatment, but the symptoms may recur after a period of time. After acute poisoning, induce vomiting, gastric lavage, and catharsis to quickly eliminate toxins. Intravenous fluid therapy for detoxification. Expand volume and promote diuresis.

3、早期使用肾上腺皮质激素能改善休克。纠正心功能衰竭可用洋地黄类强心苷。有出血倾向可选用止血药，胃肠道出血可选用云南白药。中药单方可用鲜凤尾草，每次250-500克，煎水顿服，连服3-5天。也有用杨梅果实或树皮治疗。
Early use of adrenal corticosteroids can improve shock. Digitalis glycosides can be used to correct heart failure. Hemostatic drugs can be chosen for bleeding tendencies, and Yunnan Baiyao can be chosen for gastrointestinal bleeding. Single Chinese herbal medicine can use fresh sage herb, 250-500 grams each time, decocted in water and taken at once, continuously for 3-5 days. It can also be treated with myrica fruit or bark.

注意事项 Precautions

内脏有器质性病变及白细胞减少者慎服；孕妇忌服。
Avoid taking it for those with organic lesions in the internal organs and decreased white blood cells; pregnant women should not take it.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

本品的化学成分有70余种，主要成分有雷公藤碱，雷公藤宁碱，雷公藤春碱，雷公藤甲素，雷公藤乙素，雷公藤酮，雷公藤红素，雷公藤三萜酸A，雷公藤三萜酸C，黑蔓酮酯甲，黑蔓酮酯乙，雷公藤内脂和雷公藤内酯二醇等。还有卫矛醇，卫矛碱，β-谷甾醇，L-表儿茶酸和苷等。
This product contains more than 70 chemical components, with main ingredients including tripterygium alkaloids, wilfordine, triptonine, triptolide, tripdiolide, tripterin, celastrol, triterpenoid acid A, triterpenoid acid C, euonymin methylester, euonymine ethyl ester, triptendiolide, and triptolidenol. It also contains dulcitol, evonine, β-sitosterol, L-epicatechin acid, and glycosides.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、对免疫系统的影响：主要表现为抑制作用，可减少器官移植后的急性排异反应；雷公藤红素可有效地诱导肥大细胞白血病细胞的凋亡，雷公藤甲素能抑制白介素、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子表达，诱导嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡。
Impact on the immune system: It mainly exhibits inhibitory effects, which can reduce acute rejection reactions after organ transplantation; Celastrol can effectively induce apoptosis of mast cells and leukemia cells, while triptolide can inhibit the expression of interleukins and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, inducing apoptosis of eosinophils.

2、对生殖系统的影响：引起女性月经紊乱、闭经，男性生精障碍、抗生育等。
Effects on the reproductive system: It can cause menstrual disorders and amenorrhea in women, as well as sperm production disorders and infertility in men.

3、对心血管系统的影响：有兴奋心房、降低血压作用。
Effects on the cardiovascular system: It has the effects of exciting the atrium and lowering blood pressure.

4、抗病原微生物作用：对金黄色葡萄球菌、革兰阴性细菌、真菌、枯草杆菌及607分枝杆菌等48种细菌均有抑制作用，对真菌特别是皮肤白色念珠菌抑菌效果最好。
Antimicrobial effects: It has inhibitory effects on 48 types of bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, Bacillus subtilis, and Mycobacterium 607. It is particularly effective in inhibiting fungi, especially Candida albicans on the skin.

5、对血液系统的影响：可降低血液黏滞性、抗凝、纠正纤溶障碍、改善微循环、降低外周血阻力。
Effects on the circulatory system: can reduce blood viscosity, have anticoagulant properties, correct fibrinolysis disorders, improve microcirculation, and reduce peripheral blood resistance.

6、此外，雷公藤还有一定的抗炎、镇痛、抗肿瘤、杀虫作用；提取物对子宫、肠均有兴奋作用；对多种肾炎模型有预防和保护作用，有促进肾上腺合成皮质激素样作用；抑制血管内皮细胞游走和增殖。
In addition, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (Thunder God Vine) also has certain anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tumor, and insecticidal effects; its extracts have excitatory effects on the uterus and intestines; it has preventive and protective effects on various models of nephritis, promotes the synthesis of adrenal cortex hormones; and inhibits the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.

毒理作用 Toxic Effects

1、雷公藤煎剂小鼠灌胃、腹腔注射的LD50分别为112g/kg和50.5g/kg。小鼠灌服或腹腔注射总甙LD50分别为159.7mg/kg和93.99mg/kg；大鼠服食总甙饲料，每日总甙量30mg/kg、60mg/kg、120mg/kg，连服60d，体重减轻，且与剂量相关，表现厌食、消瘦、衰弱、个别稀便、衰竭、死亡。血常规及肝、肾功能未见异常，内脏病理切片除睾丸外皆未发现病变。主要器官仅见胸腺减重，余皆正常。犬每日服总甙10mg/kg，连续14.5个月，个别犬食减，体重变化不显著，白细胞减少，血小板也减少但仍在正常范围内，红细胞计数变化不大。肝、肾功能及心电图均未发现异常。除睾丸外，各脏器均未见病理变化。
The LD50 of Thunder God Vine decoction administered by gavage and intraperitoneal injection in mice are 112g/kg and 50.5g/kg, respectively. The LD50 of total diterpenoids administered by gavage or intraperitoneal injection in mice are 159.7mg/kg and 93.99mg/kg, respectively. Rats fed with total diterpenoids in feed at doses of 30mg/kg, 60mg/kg, and 120mg/kg daily for 60 days showed weight loss, dose-dependent anorexia, emaciation, weakness, occasional diarrhea, exhaustion, and death. Blood routine and liver and kidney functions were normal, and no pathological changes were found in visceral histopathological sections except for testicular lesions. Only thymus atrophy was observed in major organs, while others were normal. Dogs fed with total diterpenoids at a dose of 10mg/kg daily for 14.5 months showed occasional reduced food intake, insignificant changes in body weight, decreased white blood cells, decreased platelets within the normal range, and no significant changes in red blood cell count. Liver and kidney functions and electrocardiograms showed no abnormalities. Except for testicular lesions, no pathological changes were observed in various organs.

2、雷公藤根皮煎剂则毒性较大，雌大鼠1次灌服LD50为21.61g/kg；大鼠每日灌服30g/kg、20g/kg和13.3g/kg，共14d，剂量愈大，中毒愈重，死亡愈快，死亡率也高，雌鼠较雄鼠死亡快，死亡率也较高。
The toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. root and bark decoction is relatively high, with an LD50 of 21.61g/kg in female rats. When rats were orally administered with doses of 30g/kg, 20g/kg, and 13.3g/kg daily for 14 days, the higher the dose, the more severe the poisoning, the faster the death, and the higher the mortality rate. Female rats died faster and had a higher mortality rate compared to male rats.

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治风湿顽痹，常与威灵仙、独活、防风等同用，并宜配伍黄芪、党参、当归、鸡血藤等补气养血药，以防久服而克伐正气。
To treat rheumatism and stubborn arthralgia, it is often used in combination with herbs such as Weilingxian, Duhuo, Fangfeng, and is suitable to be paired with Qi-tonifying and blood-nourishing herbs like Huangqi, Dangshen, Danggui, and Jixueteng, in order to prevent the depletion of righteous qi due to long-term use.

2、治麻风病，可单用煎服，或配金银花、黄柏、当归等；治顽癣等可单用，或随证配伍防风、荆芥、刺蒺藜等祛风止痒药内服或外用。
For treating leprosy, it can be treated with decoction alone, or combined with honeysuckle, amur cork tree, tangkuei, etc. For stubborn tinea, it can be treated alone, or combined with Fangfeng, Schizonepeta, Tribulus terrestris, etc., for internal or external use of wind-expelling and itch-relieving medicines according to the condition.

3、治热毒痈肿疔疮，常与蟾酥配伍应用。
To treat hot abscesses, swellings, boils, and sores caused by toxic heat, toad venom is often combined and used with other herbs.

相关配伍 Related Combinations

雷公藤配蟾酥：雷公藤苦寒，有大毒，以毒攻毒，可清热解毒，消肿止痛；蟾酥有良好的解毒消肿，麻醉止痛作用。二者配伍，可增强解毒消肿之功。适用于各种热毒痈肿疔疮。
Leigongteng (Thunder God Vine) with Chansu (Venenum Bufonis): Leigongteng is bitter and cold, highly toxic. By using poison to counteract poison, it can clear heat, detoxify, reduce swelling, and alleviate pain. Chansu has excellent detoxifying and anti-swelling properties, as well as anesthetic and pain-relieving effects. When used together, they can enhance the detoxifying and anti-swelling effects. This combination is suitable for various hot toxic abscesses and swellings.

鉴别用药 Differentiation in Medicinal Use

雷公藤与海风藤：两药均为祛风湿药，功能祛风除湿，通经活络，皆可用治风湿痹痛。但雷公藤祛风除湿，活血通络之功卓著，苦寒清热力强，消肿止痛功效显著，治疗热痹、顽痹有独特疗效；风湿痹痛日久不愈，关节红肿热痛，肿胀难消，甚至关节变形者尤为适宜；善于以毒攻毒，且有消肿之功，常可用治热毒疔疮、带状疱疹、脓疱疮等；另取其苦燥除湿，攻毒杀虫之功，治疗皮肤瘙痒等顽症。海风藤辛苦微温，长于祛风湿，行经络，和血脉，止疼痛，宽中理气，祛风除湿，也为祛风通络止痛的要药，多用于风寒湿痹，肢节酸痛，关节不利，筋脉拘挛等；又因其能活血通络，舒筋止痛，也可用于跌打损伤，局部肿痛等；辛温宣散，苦泄降逆，有宣肺散寒，止咳化痰之功，肺寒留饮，咳喘胸闷，痰多气急等，亦常用之。
Thunder God Vine and Sea Holly: Both herbs are used to dispel wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. They are both effective in treating rheumatism. However, Thunder God Vine is particularly remarkable for its ability to dispel wind and dampness, promote blood circulation, and clear meridians. It has strong cold and heat-clearing properties, remarkable effects in reducing swelling and relieving pain, and unique therapeutic effects in treating hot rheumatism and stubborn rheumatism. It is especially suitable for long-term unresolved rheumatic pain, joint redness, swelling, heat, and difficulty in reducing swelling, and even for joint deformities. It is good at using toxicity to counteract toxicity, and has the ability to reduce swelling. It is often used to treat hot toxic abscesses, herpes zoster, and pustular sores. Additionally, its bitter and dry properties can help eliminate dampness, counteract toxicity, and treat stubborn skin itching and other conditions. Sea Holly is pungent, slightly bitter, and mildly warm. It is good at dispelling wind and dampness, promoting meridian circulation, harmonizing blood vessels, relieving pain, regulating the middle, and dispelling wind and dampness. It is also an essential herb for dispelling wind, promoting meridian circulation, and relieving pain. It is commonly used for wind-cold dampness, sore and painful limbs, joint discomfort, and muscle spasms. Due to its ability to promote blood circulation and relieve pain, it can also be used for bruises, local swelling, and pain. Its pungent and warm nature can help disperse cold, bitter to clear downward, and has the functions of dispersing lung qi, dispelling cold, stopping cough, and transforming phlegm. It is often used for lung cold with retained fluid, coughing, asthma, chest tightness, excessive phlegm, and shortness of breath.

相关药品 Related Medications

雷公藤片、雷公藤多苷片。
Leigongteng tablets, Leigongteng saponin tablets.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季挖取根部，去净泥土，晒干，或去皮晒干，切厚片，生用。
Harvesting and processing: In autumn, dig up the roots, remove the soil, dry them in the sun, peel and dry them, cut into thick slices, and use them raw.

炮制方法：取原药材，除去杂质，用清水洗净，闷透，切厚片，干燥。
Processing method: Prepare the original medicinal herbs, remove impurities, wash them thoroughly with clean water, steam until well-cooked, cut into thick slices, and dry them.

保存方法 Storage Method

贮干燥容器内，置通风干燥处。
Store in a dry container and place in a well-ventilated and dry area.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Material

药材性状：根圆柱形，扭曲，常具茎残基。直径0.5-3cm，商品常切成长短不一的段块。表面土黄色至黄棕色，粗糙，具细密纵向沟纹及环状或半环状裂隙；栓皮层常脱落，脱落处显橙黄色。皮部易剥离，露出黄白色的木部。质坚硬，折断时有粉尘飞扬，断面纤维性；横切面木栓层橙黄色，显层状；韧皮部红棕色；木部黄白色，密布针眼状孔洞，射线较明显。根茎性状与根相似，多平直，有白色或浅红色髓部。气微、特异，味苦微辛。
Characteristics of the medicinal material: Cylindrical roots, twisted, often with stem remnants. Diameter 0.5-3cm, commonly cut into uneven lengths for commercial use. Surface ranges from earthy yellow to yellow-brown, rough, with fine longitudinal grooves and circular or semi-circular cracks; cork layer often peels off, revealing an orange-yellow color at the peeled area. The bark is easy to peel, exposing a yellow-white wood. It is hard in texture, producing dust when broken, with a fibrous texture on the fracture surface; the cross-section shows an orange-yellow cork layer in a layered pattern; the tough bark is reddish-brown; the wood is yellow-white, densely covered with pinhole-like pores, and the rays are more distinct. The rhizome has similar characteristics to the root, mostly straight, with white or light red pith. It has a faint, distinctive odor, and a slightly bitter and pungent taste.

饮片性状：为圆形或椭圆形的片状，片厚2-4mm。切面有木质射线，外皮淡黄色，有微纵纹。质脆易断。气微，味淡微苦。
Sliced form: Circular or oval-shaped slices, with a thickness of 2-4mm. The cross-section shows wood rays, with a pale yellow outer skin and slight longitudinal wrinkles. The texture is crisp and brittle. It has a mild aroma, with a slightly bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：卫矛科雷公藤属植物雷公藤。
Plant species: Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., belonging to the genus Tripterygium in the family Celastraceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

落叶蔓性灌木，长达3m。小枝棕红色，有4-6棱，密生瘤状皮孔及锈色短毛。单叶互生，亚革质；叶柄长约5mm；叶片椭圆形或宽卵形，长4-9cm，宽3-6cm，先端短尖，基部近圆形或宽楔形，边缘具细锯齿，上面光滑，下面淡绿色，主、侧脉在上表面均稍突出，脉上疏生锈褐色柔毛。聚伞状圆锥花序顶生或腋生，长5-7cm，被锈色毛。花杂性，白绿色，直径达5mm；萼为5浅裂；花瓣5，椭圆形；雄蕊5，花丝近基部较宽，着生在杯状花盘边缘；花柱短，柱头6浅裂；子房上位，三棱状。蒴果具3片膜质翅，长圆形，长达14mm，宽约13mm，翅上有斜生侧脉。种子1，细柱状，黑色。花期7-8月，果期9-10月。
Deciduous woody vine, up to 3m long. The small branches are reddish-brown, with 4-6 edges, densely covered with wart-like pores and rust-colored short hairs. The single leaves are opposite, subleathery; petioles are about 5mm long; leaf blades are elliptic or broadly ovate, 4-9cm long, 3-6cm wide, with a short pointed tip, nearly round or broadly wedge-shaped base, finely serrated margins, smooth upper surface, light green lower surface, and slightly raised main and lateral veins on the upper surface with sparse rust-brown soft hairs on the veins. The umbel-like corymbose inflorescences are terminal or axillary, 5-7cm long, covered with rust-colored hairs. The flowers are bisexual, white-green, up to 5mm in diameter; calyx is 5-lobed; petals are 5, elliptic; stamens are 5, with widened filaments near the base, attached to the edge of the cup-shaped floral disk; pistil is short, with a 6-lobed stigma; ovary is superior, triangular. The capsule has 3 membranous wings, oblong, up to 14mm long, about 13mm wide, with oblique lateral veins on the wings. Seeds are solitary, slender, black. Flowering period is July-August, fruiting period is September-October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于长江流域以南各地及西南地区。
Distributed in various regions south of the Yangtze River and in the southwestern region.

道地产区 Authentic Production Areas

主产于浙江、江苏、安徽、福建等地。
Mainly produced in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于背阴多湿的山坡、山谷、溪边灌木林中。
Born in the shade of damp hillsides, valleys, and shrubbery along streams.

生长习性 Growth Habits

喜较阴凉的山坡、林木丛中或溪边。宜在偏酸性，肥沃、土层深厚的砂质土或黄壤土栽培。
Prefers cool and shady slopes, forests, or by the streams. It is suitable for cultivation in slightly acidic, fertile, and deep sandy or loamy soil.

繁殖方式 Reproduction Method

用扦插繁殖。
Propagate through cutting.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

扦插繁殖：在雷公藤落叶后至翌年2月上旬休眠前期内，选取1-2年生的枝条，剪成10-20cm的小段，每段插条应有2-3个节，然后将插条下端约2cm处浸入100×10⁻⁶萘乙酸（NAA）溶液1h左右，便可按行株距10cm×10（-15）cm扦插，将插条以60°角斜倚于沟内后，覆土压紧，上端露出地面部分约为插条的1/4-1/3，插后立即浇水，并搭荫棚遮盖。40天后，插条即可发芽生根。1年后可移栽，在杉、松、果树等幼林中套种，按行株距50cm×50cm挖穴，于2-4月上旬期间，挖出种苗，1穴1株定植，覆土6cm并压紧，浇透水即可。
Propagating by cuttings: After the leaves of the Thunder God Vine fall off until the early February dormancy period of the following year, select 1-2 year old branches, cut them into small sections of 10-20cm, with each section having 2-3 nodes. Then immerse the lower end of the cutting in a 100×10⁻⁶ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) solution for about 1 hour. Plant the cuttings with a spacing of 10cm×10(-15)cm, with the cuttings leaning at a 60° angle in the trench, cover the soil tightly, leaving about 1/4-1/3 of the upper end exposed above the ground. Water immediately after planting, and cover with a shade shed. After 40 days, the cuttings will sprout roots. They can be transplanted after 1 year, and can be intercropped in young forests of fir, pine, fruit trees, etc. Dig holes with a spacing of 50cm×50cm, dig out the seedlings between early February and April, plant one seedling per hole, cover with 6cm of soil and press firmly, then water thoroughly.