大麻叶佩兰，中药名。为菊科植物大麻叶泽兰EupatoriumcannabinumL.的全草。具有消暑，辟秽，化湿的功效。主治夏季伤暑，发热头痛，湿邪内蕴，脘痞不饥，口苦苔腻。
Da-ma-ye-pei-lan, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Eupatorium cannabinum L.) is the whole herb of Eupatorium cannabinum L., a plant of the Asteraceae family. It has the functions of relieving summer-heat, dispelling dampness, and clearing away heat and toxins. It is mainly used for treating summer heatstroke, fever and headache, internal dampness, feeling of fullness in the stomach without appetite, bitter taste in the mouth, and greasy coating on the tongue.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

消暑，辟秽，化湿。
Relieve summer heat, dispel filth, and resolve dampness.

主治 Indications

夏季伤暑，发热头痛，湿邪内蕴，脘痞不饥，口苦苔腻。
Summer heat can cause fever and headache, with dampness lurking inside the body, leading to stuffiness in the chest without feeling hungry, and a bitter taste in the mouth with a greasy coating on the tongue.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，4-9g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 4-9g.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

1、根及地上部分含生物碱，已分离得到：仰卧天芥菜碱、刺凌德草碱、颈花胺、β-异丁酰仰卧天芥菜碱、β-异戊酰仰卧天芥菜碱、β-乙酰刺凌德草碱、β-异戊酰刺凌德草碱、β-当归酰/巴豆酰仰卧天芥草碱、β-当归酰/巴豆酰刺凌德草碱、β-当归酰/巴豆酰颈花胺等；还含倍半萜内酯成分：泽兰内酯、泽兰苦素、3-乙酰氧基-20-去氧泽兰苦素、3-乙酰氧基-二去氧泽兰苦素、3β-羟基泽兰苦素、大麻叶佩兰内酯等。又含黄酮类成分：粗毛豚草素、楔叶泽兰素、紫云英甙、金丝桃甙、山柰酚-3-芸香糖甙、异槲皮甙、芸香甙、柳穿鱼素等。尚含甾醇成分：豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、蒲公英甾醇；其他成分：兰草素、10-乙酰氧基橙花醇乙酸酯、叶黄素、4-羟基紫罗兰酮、(E)-1-己烯酸、大牻牛儿烯D、乙酸橙花醇酯、异戊酸橙花醇酯、异丁酸橙花醇酯、达玛二烯醇乙酸酯等。

1. The roots and aerial parts contain alkaloids, which have been isolated and identified as follows: sinomenine, cepharanthine, neck-flower amine, β-isobutyryl sinomenine, β-isovaleryl sinomenine, β-acetyl cepharanthine, β-isovaleryl cepharanthine, β-angeloyl/daphnane sinomenine, β-angeloyl/daphnane cepharanthine, β-angeloyl/daphnane neck-flower amine, etc. They also contain sesquiterpene lactones such as zelanolide, zelanolide bitter, 3-acetoxy-20-deoxy zelanolide, 3-acetoxy-dideoxy zelanolide, 3β-hydroxy zelanolide, and cannabidiolide. Additionally, they contain flavonoids like rutin, wedelolactone, scutellarein, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and fisetin. Sterols present include stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, campesterol, and taraxasterol; other components include luteolin, 10-acetoxynerol acetate, lutein, 4-hydroxy violone, (E)-1-hexene acid, grandiflorenene D, nerol acetate, geranyl acetate, neryl acetate, dammarenediol acetate, etc.

2、地上部分含挥发油约0.3%，内有：正辛醛、乙酸乙醇酯、正壬醛、乙酸庚醇酯、癸醛、乙酸辛酸酯、水杨酸甲酯、乙酸芳樟醇酯、乙酸龙脑酯、乙酸熏衣草醇酯、巴豆酸-3-己烯醇酯、乙酸橙花醇酯、乙酸苯甲醇酯、乙酸牻牛儿醇酯、乙酸香茅醇酯、丙酸龙脑酯、麝香草氢醌二甲醚、丙酸α-松油醇酯、丙酸橙花醇酯、丁酸百里香酚酯、异戊酸龙脑酯、丁酸α-松油醇酯、顺式-3-己烯醇苯甲酸酯、异戊酸百里香酚酯、异戊酸橙花醇酯、异戊酸牻牛儿醇酯、巴豆酸百里香酚酯、苯甲酸苄酯等成分。全草挥发油中含2-异丙基-5-甲基茴香醚等38种成分。
2. The aerial parts contain approximately 0.3% volatile oil, which includes: octanal, ethyl acetate, nonanal, heptyl acetate, decanal, octanoic acid ester, methyl salicylate, linalyl acetate, bornyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate, daphnane-3-hexenol acetate, nerol acetate, benzyl alcohol acetate, nerolidol acetate, citronellol acetate, propyl borate, thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether, α-terpineol propionate, neryl propionate, thymol butyrate, isovaleryl borneol ester, butyl α-terpineol ester, cis-3-hexenol benzyl benzoate, isovaleryl thymol ester, isovaleryl neryl ester, isovaleryl geraniol ester, daphnane thymol ester, benzyl benzoate, etc. The whole plant volatile oil contains 38 components including 2-isopropyl-5-methyl anethole.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

1、保肝作用：大麻叶佩兰水提物在小鼠四氯化碳中毒前给予，可降低血中丙氨酸转氨酶活性，但中毒后应用无效。其中的泽兰苦素在提取物中含有的浓度没有抗肝细胞毒作用。

1. Hepatoprotective effect: Water extract of Eupatorium cannabinum given to mice before carbon tetrachloride poisoning can reduce the activity of alanine aminotransferase in the blood, but it is ineffective when applied after poisoning. The concentration of zelanolide bitter in the extract does not exhibit anti-hepatocyte toxicity.

2、细胞毒作用：人小细胞肺癌细胞株试验中，大麻叶佩兰中的泽兰苦素等成分都有较高的细胞毒作用，ID50约为1μg/ml-2μg/ml；泽兰内酯等在这些浓度时无作用。
2. Cytotoxic effect: In tests on human small cell lung cancer cell lines, components such as zelanolide bitter in Eupatorium cannabinum exhibit high cytotoxic effects, with an ID50 of approximately 1–2 μg/ml; zelanolide shows no effect at these concentrations.

3、其他作用：从大麻叶佩兰中得到的多糖成分在人粒细胞试验和动物碳廓清试验中，表现出免疫刺激活性。
3. Other effects: Polysaccharide components obtained from Eupatorium cannabinum show immune-stimulating activity in human granulocyte tests and animal carbon clearance tests.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏季花未开放时采收，除尽泥沙，晒干或阴干。
Harvesting and processing: Harvest before flowering in summer, remove dirt and sand, then sun-dry or shade-dry.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：全株被短柔毛，茎粗大，基部木质化。叶对生，有短柄，多皱缩，绿色或黄绿色，中下部茎叶三全裂、中裂片大，完整者展平后呈长椭圆形或长披针形，长6-11cm，宽2-3cm，先端渐尖或长渐尖，基部楔形或宽楔形，上部茎叶渐小。气微香，味苦涩。
Characteristics of medicinal material: The whole plant is covered with short soft hairs, with thick stems and woody base. The leaves are opposite, short-stalked, often wrinkled, green or yellowish-green. The lower stem leaves are tripartite, with the middle lobe being large. When fully expanded, they are oblong or lanceolate, 6–11 cm long and 2–3 cm wide, gradually tapering to a pointed or long-pointed tip, and with a wedge-shaped or broadly wedge-shaped base. The upper stem leaves are gradually smaller. The plant has a slightly fragrant smell and a bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科泽兰属大麻叶泽兰。
Botanical species: Eupatorium cannabinum, a member of the Asteraceae family, genus Eupatorium.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本，高50-150cm。根茎粗壮，有节，生多数细根。茎直立，全部或下部淡紫红色，不分枝或仅在茎顶有伞房状花序分枝，全部茎枝被短柔毛，花序分枝及花梗上的毛较密，花期时中下部脱毛。叶对生；有短柄，柄长约0.5cm；中下部茎叶三全裂，中裂片大，长椭圆形或长披针形，长6-11cm，宽2-3cm，先端渐尖或长渐尖，基部楔形或宽楔形，侧生裂片小，与中裂片同形；上部茎叶渐小，三全裂或不裂，下部茎叶花期凋落；全部茎叶两面粗涩，质地稍厚，被稀疏白色短柔毛及腺点，下面及下面沿脉的毛较密，边缘有锯齿。头状花序多数，在茎顶及枝端排成密集的复伞房花序；总苞钟状，长约6mm，含3-7个小花；总苞片9-10个，2-3层，外层短，卵状披针形，长约2mm，外面被短柔毛，中内层苞片渐长，披针形，长5-9mm，边缘膜质，先端急尖，并染紫红色；花紫红色、粉红色或淡白色，花冠长约5mm，外被稀疏黄色腺点。瘦果黑褐色，圆柱状，长约3mm，5棱，散布黄色腺点；冠毛白色，长约5mm。
Perennial herb, 50–150 cm tall. The rhizome is stout, jointed, with numerous fine roots. Stem erect, entirely or lower part pale purple-red, unbranched or only umbel-like branched at the top of the stem, all stem branches covered with short soft hairs, hairs denser on inflorescence branches and pedicels, becoming glabrous in the middle and lower parts during flowering. Leaves opposite; petiole about 0.5 cm long; lower stem leaves trifoliately divided, central lobe large, oblong or lanceolate, 6–11 cm long, 2–3 cm wide, apex gradually acuminate or long-acuminate, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, lateral lobes small and similar in shape to the central lobe; upper stem leaves gradually smaller, trifoliately divided or entire, lower stem leaves wither during flowering; both surfaces of all leaves rough, somewhat thick in texture, sparsely covered with white short soft hairs and glandular dots, denser along veins beneath, margins serrated. Capitula numerous, arranged in dense compound corymbs at stem apex and branch tips; involucre campanulate, about 6 mm long, containing 3–7 florets; phyllaries 9–10, in 2–3 layers, outer ones short, ovate-lanceolate, about 2 mm long, externally pubescent, inner ones longer, lanceolate, 5–9 mm long, margin membranous, apex acute and tinged purple-red; flowers purple-red, pink, or pale white, corolla about 5 mm long, sparsely glandular-punctate with yellow dots. Achene dark brown, cylindrical, about 3 mm long, 5-angled, scattered with yellow glandular dots; pappus white, about 5 mm long.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于江苏、浙江。
Distributed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山坡草丛或村落附近竹林内。
Grows in grassy slopes or bamboo groves near villages.