宜梧，中药名。为胡颓子科植物福建胡颓子ElaeagnusoldhamiMaxim.的根。分布于福建、台湾、广东等地。具有祛风活血，健脾益肾之功效。常用于风湿痹痛，跌打瘀肿，慢性肝炎，胃痛腹泻，消化不良，肾亏腰痛，劳倦乏力，盗汗，遗精，白带。
Yi-wu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the root of Elaeagnus oldhami Maxim., a plant of the family Elaeagnaceae, is distributed in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, and other places. It has the functions of dispelling wind and activating blood, invigorating the spleen and nourishing the kidneys. It is commonly used for rheumatic arthralgia, bruises and swelling from falls or blows, chronic hepatitis, stomach pain and diarrhea, indigestion, kidney deficiency and lumbar pain, fatigue, night sweats, spermatorrhea, and leukorrhea.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风活血，健脾益肾。
Dispelling wind and promoting blood circulation, invigorating the spleen and nourishing the kidneys.

主治 Indications

风湿痹痛，跌打瘀肿，慢性肝炎，胃痛腹泻，消化不良，肾亏腰痛，劳倦乏力，盗汗，遗精，白带。
Wind-damp arthralgia, bruises and swelling from falls, chronic hepatitis, stomach pain and diarrhea, indigestion, kidney deficiency and lower back pain, fatigue, night sweats, spermatorrhea, and abnormal vaginal discharge.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，30-60g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 30-60g.

注意事项 Precautions

《福建药物志》：“孕妇禁服。”
"Fujian Materia Medica": "Not suitable for pregnant women."

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、治疗慢性支气管炎。

1. Treatment of chronic bronchitis.

2、抑菌作用。
2. Antibacterial effect.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《全国中草药汇编》：“祛风理湿，固肾。主治风湿性关节炎，肾虚腰痛。”

1. "Chinese Medicinal Herbs Compilation of China": "Dispelling wind and dampness, tonifying the kidneys. Used for treating rheumatoid arthritis with kidney deficiency and lower back pain."

2、《台湾药用植物志》：“祛风除湿，散瘀血，消肿。主治风湿神经痛，久年风伤，月内风，慢脾风，跌打，肺痈。”
2. "Taiwan Medicinal Plants Compendium": "Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling. Used for treating rheumatic neuralgia, chronic wind injury, menstrual wind disorders, slow spleen wind, bruises, and lung abscess."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治风湿性关节炎：福建胡颓子鲜根30-90g，酒适量，猪瘦肉120g。加水炖服。（厦门《新疗法与中草药选编》）

1. Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: Fresh roots of Fujian Hu Tuizi 30-90g, appropriate amount of wine, 120g of lean pork. Stew with water and take orally. (From "New Therapies and Selection of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Xiamen")

2、治消化不良：胡颓子根、柚树叶各9g。水煎服。（《福建药物志》）
2. Treatment for indigestion: Roots of Hu Tuizi and leaves of pomelo tree, each 9g. Decoct with water and take orally. (From "Fujian Materia Medica")

附注 Note

本省民间所用胡颓子除本种外，尚有用蔓胡颓子和胡颓子。
In addition to the local variety, the people in this province also use creeping hawthorn and hawthorn for medicinal purposes.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年均可采，挖根，洗净，切片晒干。
It can be harvested all year round, by digging up the roots, washing them clean, slicing them, and drying them in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：胡颓子科胡颓子属福建胡颓子。
The Fujian Elaeagnus belongs to the genus Elaeagnus in the family Elaeagnaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

常绿直立灌木，高1-2米，具刺，刺粗壮，长10-40毫米或更长，基部着生花和叶；当年生枝密被褐色或锈色鳞片，一年生枝灰色或灰黄色，多年生枝鳞片脱落，黑色。叶近革质，倒卵形或倒卵状披针形，长3-4.5厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，顶端圆形，稀钝圆形，向基部渐窄狭，急尖或楔形，全缘，上面幼时密被银白色鳞片，成熟后脱落或部分脱落，微具光泽，干燥后褐黄色，下面密被银白色和散生少数深褐色鳞片，侧脉4-5对，两面略明显；叶柄褐色，长4-7毫米。花淡白色，被鳞片，数花簇生于叶腋极短小枝上成短总状花序；花梗长3-4毫米；萼筒短，杯状，长约2毫米，在裂片下面略收缩，子房上先膨大后收缩，裂片三角形，与萼筒等长或更长，达3毫米，顶端钝形，内面无毛或疏生白色星状柔毛，包围子房的萼管卵形，长约1毫米；雄蕊的花丝极短，花药矩圆形，长1.5毫米，达裂片的1/2以上；花柱直立，无毛。果实卵圆形，长5-8毫米，幼时密被银白色鳞片，成熟时红色，萼筒常宿存；果梗在花后不伸长。花期11-12月，果期次年2-3月。
Evergreen upright shrub, 1-2 meters tall, with thorns that are thick and stout, 10-40 millimeters long or longer, and borne at the base of flowers and leaves; the branches of the current year are densely covered with brown or rust-colored scales, the one-year-old branches are gray or grayish-yellow, and the scales on the perennial branches fall off, turning black. The leaves are leathery, inversely ovate or inversely ovate-lanceolate, 3-4.5 centimeters long, 1.5-2.5 centimeters wide, with a rounded or occasionally obtuse apex, gradually narrowing towards the base, abruptly pointed or wedge-shaped, with entire margins. The upper surface is densely covered with silvery-white scales when young, which fall off or partially fall off when mature, becoming slightly glossy and turning brownish-yellow when dry. The lower surface is densely covered with silvery-white scales and scattered with a few dark brown scales. There are 4-5 pairs of lateral veins, slightly prominent on both sides. The leaf stalk is brown, 4-7 millimeters long. The flowers are pale white, covered with scales, and several flowers cluster in short racemes on extremely short branches in the leaf axils. The flower stalk is 3-4 millimeters long; the calyx tube is short, cup-shaped, about 2 millimeters long, slightly constricted below the lobes. The ovary enlarges first and then contracts, with triangular lobes equal to or longer than the calyx tube, reaching up to 3 millimeters, with a blunt apex, lacking hairs on the inner surface or sparsely covered with white stellate hairs. The ovary is ovoid, about 1 millimeter long, surrounding the calyx tube. The stamens have very short filaments, with rectangular anthers 1.5 millimeters long, extending more than half the length of the lobes. The stigma is erect and hairless. The fruit is ovoid, 5-8 millimeters long, densely covered with silvery-white scales when young, turning red when ripe, with the calyx tube often persistent. The fruit stalk does not elongate after flowering. The flowering period is in November–December, and the fruiting period is in February–March of the following year.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于福建、台湾、广东等地。
Distributed in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔500m以下的空旷地区和山坡灌木丛中。
Born in open areas and shrubby slopes below 500 meters above sea level.