苎麻叶，中药名。为荨麻科植物苎麻Boehmerianivea（L.）Gaud.的叶。具有凉血止血，散瘀消肿，解毒的功效。主治咯血，吐血，血淋，尿血，月经过多，外伤出血，跌仆肿痛，脱肛不收，丹毒，疮肿，乳痈，湿疹，蛇虫咬伤。
Zhu-ma-ye, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Leaves of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.) have the effects of cooling blood, stopping bleeding, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, and detoxification. They are mainly used for treating hemoptysis, hematemesis, blood stranguria, hematuria, excessive menstruation, external bleeding, bruises, swelling and pain from falls, prolapsed anus, erysipelas, carbuncles, mammitis, eczema, and snake or insect bites.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

凉血止血，散瘀消肿，解毒。主治
Cooling the blood to stop bleeding, dispersing stasis to reduce swelling, and detoxifying. Used to treat...

咯血，吐血，血淋，尿血，月经过多，外伤出血，跌仆肿痛，脱肛不收，丹毒，疮肿，乳痈，湿疹，蛇虫咬伤。用法用量
Hemoptysis, hematemesis, blood stranguria, hematuria, excessive menstruation, external bleeding from trauma, swelling and pain from falls, prolapsed anus, erysipelas, abscesses, breast abscess, eczema, snake or insect bites. Dosage and administration.

外用适量，煎汤外洗，或捣服。注意事项
For external use, apply an appropriate amount, decoct for external washing, or prepare as a poultice. Pay attention to the following precautions.

脾胃虚寒者慎服。化学成分
Those with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should take it with caution. Chemical composition.

苎麻叶中含芸香甙、野漆树甙;新鲜苎麻叶中含叶黄素、α和β-胡萝卜素；干燥的苎麻叶中含叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、谷氨酸。相关论述
Mallow leaves contain saponins and quercetin; fresh mallow leaves contain lutein, α-carotene, and β-carotene; dried mallow leaves contain lutein, β-carotene, and glutamic acid.

《本草纲目》：“金疮伤折血出，瘀血。”临床应用 相关配伍
"Compendium of Materia Medica": "Gold wounds, fractures, blood loss, and blood stasis." Clinical applications and relevant combinations.

1、治冷痢白冻：五日采麻叶，阴干为末。每服二钱，冷水调下。勿吃热物，令人闷倒。只吃冷物。小儿半钱。（《杨子建护命方》）2、治蛇虺咬伤：青麻嫩头捣汁，和酒等分，服三盏。以渣敷之，毒从窍中出，以渣弃水中即不发。看伤处有窍是雄蛇，无窍是雌蛇，以针挑破伤处成窍，敷药。（《摘玄方》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. Treatment for cold diarrhea and abdominal pain: Harvest hemp leaves for five days, dry them in the shade and grind into powder. Take two qian (a traditional Chinese unit of weight) per dose, mixed with cold water. Avoid consuming hot food, as it may cause discomfort. Only consume cold food. For children, the dosage is half a qian. (From "Yang Zijian's Life-saving Formula")2. Treatment for snake or viper bites: Crush the tender green hemp heads to extract the juice, mix it with an equal amount of alcohol, and take three doses. Apply the residue on the wound, allowing the poison to drain out through the pores. Discard the residue in water once the poison is removed. Identify the gender of the snake by checking if there are pores at the wound site - pores indicate a male snake, while the absence of pores indicates a female snake. Use a needle to puncture the wound and create pores, then apply the medicine. (From "Extracting Mysterious Formulas") Processing and preparation: Harvesting and processing.

春、夏、秋季均可采收，鲜用或晒干。药材鉴别 药材性状
The herb can be harvested in spring, summer, and autumn, and can be used fresh or dried. Identification of the herb and its characteristics.

叶多皱缩，全体绿棕色，有毛，叶片展平后为宽卵形，长达15cm以上，宽5-10cm。先端渐尖，基部近圆形或宽楔形，边缘有粗齿。基出脉3条，上面微凹，下面微隆起。叶柄较长，长达7cm。气微，味微辛、微苦。植物学信息 植物种属
The leaves are wrinkled and shriveled, overall green-brown in color, and hairy. The leaf blade is broadly ovate when spread out, reaching over 15cm in length and 5-10cm in width. The apex is gradually pointed, the base is nearly round or broadly wedge-shaped, and the margin has coarse teeth. There are 3 primary veins originating from the base, slightly concave on the upper surface and slightly raised on the lower surface. The petiole is relatively long, up to 7cm in length. The aroma is mild, and the taste is slightly pungent and slightly bitter. Botanical information about the plant species.

荨麻科苎麻属苎麻。形态特征
Urticaceae, genus Boehmeria, Boehmeria nivea. Morphological characteristics.

多年生半灌木，高1-2m。茎直立，圆柱形，多分枝，青褐色，密生粗长毛。叶互生；叶柄长2-11cm；托叶2，分离，早落；叶片宽卵形或卵形，长7-15cm，宽6-12cm，先端渐尖或近尾状，基部宽楔形或截形，边缘密生齿牙，上面绿色，粗糙，并散生疏毛，下面密生交织的白色柔毛，基出脉3条。花单性，雌雄通常同株；花序呈圆锥状，腋生，长5-10cm，雄花序通常位于雌花序之下；雄花小，无花梗，黄白色，花被片4，雄蕊4，有退化雌蕊；雌花淡绿色，簇球形，直径约2mm，花被管状，宿存，花柱1。瘦果小，椭圆形，密生短毛，为宿存花被包裹，内有种子1颗。花期9月，果期10月。分布区域
Perennial semi-shrub, 1-2m tall. Stem erect, cylindrical, with many branches, green-brown, densely covered with coarse long hairs. Leaves alternate; petiole 2-11cm long; stipules 2, separate, early falling off; leaf blade broadly ovate or ovate, 7-15cm long, 6-12cm wide, gradually pointed or nearly caudate at the apex, broadly cuneate or truncate at the base, margin densely serrate, upper surface green, rough, and sparsely hairy, lower surface densely covered with interlaced white soft hairs, with 3 primary veins. Flowers unisexual, usually on the same plant; inflorescence conical, axillary, 5-10cm long, male flowers usually below female flowers; male flowers small, without pedicels, yellow-white, with 4 tepals, 4 stamens, and degenerate pistils; female flowers pale green, clustered spherical, about 2mm in diameter, with tubular persistent perianth, and a single style. Fruit small, ellipsoidal, densely covered with short hairs, enveloped by persistent perianth, containing a single seed. Flowering period in September, fruiting period in October. Distribution area.

在我国河南、山东及陕西以南各地广为栽培，也有野生。生长见习
It is widely cultivated in various regions south of Henan, Shandong, and Shaanxi provinces in China, and can also be found growing wild.

喜温暖湿润气候，发芽适宜气温22-25℃，生长最适温度为23-30℃，气温在8℃以下幼苗停止生长，0℃以下苗易冻死。年降水量800-1000mm，相对湿度80％左右最为适宜。怕风，忌渍水。对土壤适应性强，以土层深厚、疏松肥沃、富含腐殖质、排水良好、土壤pH5.5-6.5的砂质壤土或粘壤土栽培为宜。繁殖方式
Prefers a warm and humid climate, with an ideal germination temperature of 22-25°C and optimal growth temperature of 23-30°C. Seedlings stop growing below 8°C and are susceptible to freezing below 0°C. Annual precipitation of 800-1000mm and a relative humidity of around 80% are most suitable. It is sensitive to wind and should avoid waterlogging. It has strong adaptability to soil, and is best cultivated in sandy loam or clay loam with deep, loose, fertile soil rich in humus, good drainage, and a soil pH of 5.5-6.5. Reproduction methods.

用种子、分根、扦插、压条、分株繁殖，亦可用组织培养方法培育试管苗。栽培技术
Propagation can be done through seeds, root division, cutting, layering, and division. Tissue culture methods can also be used to cultivate seedlings in test tubes. This is the cultivation technique.

1、种子繁殖：用育苗移栽法，选背风向阳、灌排方便、土质疏松之处作苗床。春季3月上、中旬或秋季8月上、中旬播种，种子可与细土或草木灰拌匀后撒播于苗床，薄覆细土，以不见种子为度，盖草，浇水，保持湿度。出苗后，待有10-12片真叶时，即可移栽。每1h㎡用种量7.5-15kg。2、分根繁殖：又称分蔸繁殖，将种根挖出，分切成数块，选健壮、无病虫害的带有节及芽的种块，随即栽种。亦可用边蔸、抽亮、抽行等方法获得种根。或将细很切成小段，早春育苗，待苗高20cm时移栽。3、扦插繁殖：选粗壮麻茎，剪成12-15cm小段，具有3-4个芽，斜插在苗床上，覆土压实，保持土壤湿度，待生根出苗后移栽。4、压条繁殖：待头麻开始成熟，茎杆大部变褐色时，在植株旁挖深约5cm的浅沟，将茎杆弯曲至地面，在靠地面处，切一伤口，麻杆顶端露出土面，填土压实，待生根后与母体分离移栽。5、分株繁殖：苗高15-20cm时，切取过密较矮的麻苗，稍带细根，摘除部分叶片，剪去梢部栽种。移栽方法，秋末、冬初或早春空穴栽，每1h㎡按深根型栽3.75万-4.5万兜、浅根型2.5万-3万蔸。实生苗4.5万-6万蔸，每蔸2-3株。穴深10-15cm，穴径12-18cm。栽后填土压实，浇水。病虫防治

1. Seed propagation: Using the method of seedling cultivation and transplanting, select a place with good windward sunlight, convenient irrigation and drainage, and loose soil as the seedbed. Sow the seeds in early to mid-March in spring or early to mid-August in autumn. Mix the seeds with fine soil or wood ash and spread them evenly on the seedbed, lightly cover with fine soil until the seeds are not visible, cover with grass, water, and keep the soil moist. After the seedlings emerge, they can be transplanted when they have 10-12 true leaves. The seeding rate is 7.5-15kg per 1 square meter.2. Root division propagation: Also known as rhizome division propagation, dig out the roots, divide them into several pieces, select healthy pieces with nodes and buds, and plant them immediately. Roots can also be obtained by methods such as side shoots, bright shoots, and row shoots. Alternatively, cut the stems into small sections, cultivate them in early spring, and transplant them when the seedlings are 20cm tall.3. Cutting propagation: Select thick and strong hemp stems, cut them into 12-15cm sections with 3-4 buds, insert them diagonally into the seedbed, cover with soil, press firmly, maintain soil moisture, and transplant after rooting.4. Layering propagation: When the hemp head begins to mature and most of the stem turns brown, dig a shallow trench about 5cm deep next to the plant. Bend the stem to the ground, make a cut near the ground, expose the top of the stem above the soil, fill with soil, press firmly, and separate and transplant after rooting.5. Division propagation: When the seedlings are 15-20cm tall, cut the overcrowded and shorter hemp seedlings with some fine roots, remove some leaves, and plant the cuttings. Transplant in late autumn, early winter, or early spring in empty holes. For deep-rooted plants, plant 37,500-45,000 seedlings per 1 square meter, and for shallow-rooted plants, plant 25,000-30,000 seedlings per 1 square meter. For seedlings, plant 45,000-60,000 seedlings per 1 square meter, with 2-3 plants per seedling. The hole should be 10-15cm deep and 12-18cm in diameter. After planting, fill with soil, press firmly, water, and prevent diseases and pests.

1、病害有立枯病、根腐线虫病、青枯病、疫霉病、白纹羽病、茎腐病、角斑病、褐斑病等。2、虫害有苎麻赤蛱蝶、苎麻天牛、银纹夜蛾、卷叶虫、苎麻黄蛱蝶、金龟子等为害。

1. Diseases include stem rot, root rot nematode disease, damping-off, downy mildew, white vein mosaic, stem canker, anthracnose, brown spot, etc. 2. Pests include jute red butterfly, jute longhorn beetle, silver-striped hawkmoth, leaf roller, jute yellow butterfly, golden tortoise beetle, etc.