猪毛菜，中药名。为藜科植物猪毛菜SalsolacollinaPall.的全草。分布于东北、华北、西北、西南及山东、江苏、安徽、河南等地。具有平肝潜阳，润肠通便之功效。用于高血压病，头痛，眩晕，肠燥便秘。
Pigweed (Zh, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. mao-cai) refers to the whole plant of Salsola collina Pall., a member of the Amaranthaceae family. It is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, Southwest China, as well as in Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Henan. Pigweed is believed to have the effects of soothing the liver and suppressing yang, as well as moistening the intestines and relieving constipation. It is used for hypertension, headache, dizziness, and dryness of the intestines leading to constipation.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

平肝潜阳，润肠通便。
Soothing the liver and suppressing yang, moistening the intestines and promoting bowel movements.

主治 Indications

用于高血压病，头痛，眩晕，肠燥便秘。
Used for hypertension, headache, dizziness, and constipation due to intestinal dryness.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g；或开水泡后代茶饮。
Internal administration: Decoction, 15-30g; or soak in hot water and drink as tea.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

1、降压作用。

1. Hypotensive effect.

2、中枢抑制作用。
2. Central inhibitory effect.

3、护肝作用。
3. Hepatoprotective effect.

4、毒性，未见毒性反应。
4. Toxicity, no toxic reactions observed.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

《河北中药手册》：“降血压。治高血压病，头痛。”
"Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine Handbook": "Lower blood pressure. Used to treat hypertension and headache."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治高血压头晕、失眠：猪毛菜90g，玉米须45g，蚯蚓15g。水5kg，煎熬至1500ml。每服半小碗，每日服3次。或猪毛菜30g，水煎，分2次服，每日服1剂，连续服用。（《河南中草药手册》）

1. Treatment for dizziness and insomnia caused by hypertension: 90g of pigweed, 45g of corn silk, 15g of earthworm. Boil in 5kg of water until it reduces to 1500ml. Take half a small bowl per dose, 3 times a day. Alternatively, take 30g of pigweed, decoct in water, divide into 2 doses, take one dose daily, and continue the treatment. (From "Henan Manual of Chinese Herbal Medicine")

附注 Note

与本品同等入药的另一种无翅猪毛菜Salsola komarovii Iljin与猪毛菜的区别在于：植株较短小，茎、枝有条纹；叶片半圆柱型，互生；苞片线形，长于小苞片，小苞片长卵形，长于花被，果时增厚，紧贴花被；花被片背面中上部有篦齿状突起，外形成杯状；柱头长为花柱的3-4倍。胞果直径2-2.5mm。生于海滨、河滩砂质土地。分布于东北及河北、山东、江苏、浙江。
Another wingless pigweed, Salsola komarovii Iljin, which is used as medicine, differs from pigweed in that the plant is shorter, with striped stems and branches; the leaves are semi-cylindrical and alternate; the bracts are linear, longer than the small bracts, which are long-ovate and longer than the perianth, becoming thicker and tightly attached to the perianth when fruiting; the back of the perianth has comb-like protrusions in the upper middle part, forming a cup shape externally; the stigma is 3-4 times longer than the style. The fruit capsule has a diameter of 2-2.5mm. It grows in sandy coastal and riverbank areas and is distributed in Northeast China, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季开花时割取全草，晒干，除去泥沙，打成捆，备用。
It is harvested and processed: in summer and autumn when the plant is in bloom, harvest the entire herb, dry it in the sun, remove any dirt and sand, tie it into bundles, and set aside for later use.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：藜科猪毛菜属猪毛菜。
Plant species: Amaranthaceae, genus Salsola, species Salsola collina.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高20-100cm；茎自基部分枝，枝互生，伸展，茎、枝绿色，有白色或紫红色条纹，生短硬毛或近于无毛。叶片丝状圆柱形，伸展或微弯曲，长2-5cm，宽0.5-1.5mm，生短硬毛，顶端有刺状尖，基部边缘膜质，稍扩展而下延。花序穗状，生枝条上部；苞片卵形，顶部延伸，有刺状尖，边缘膜质，背部有白色隆脊；小苞片狭披针形，顶端有刺状尖，苞片及小苞片与花序轴紧贴；花被片卵状披针形，膜质，顶端尖，果时变硬，自背面中上部生鸡冠状突起；花被片在突起以上部分，近革质，顶端为膜质，向中央折曲成平面，紧贴果实，有时在中央聚集成小圆锥体；花药长1-1.5mm；柱头丝状，长为花柱的1.5-2倍。种子横生或斜生。花期7-9月，果期9-10月。
Annual herb, 20-100cm tall; stems branching from the base, branches alternate, spreading, stems and branches green, with white or purple-red stripes, with short stiff hairs or nearly glabrous. Leaves are filiform-cylindrical, spreading or slightly curved, 2-5cm long, 0.5-1.5mm wide, with short stiff hairs, tipped with a spine, margins membranous at base, slightly expanded and decurrent. Inflorescence spicate, located on upper parts of branches; bracts ovate, extended at apex with a spiny tip, margin membranous, with a white ridge on back; bracteoles narrowly lanceolate, spiny at tip, closely appressed to rachis along with bracts; tepals ovate-lanceolate, membranous, acute at apex, becoming hard in fruit, with a crest-like projection on upper middle back; portion of tepals above projection nearly coriaceous, membranous at tip, folded flat toward center, closely appressed to fruit, sometimes coalescing centrally into a small conical body; anthers 1-1.5mm long; stigmas filiform, 1.5-2 times the length of the style. Seeds transverse or oblique. Flowering from July to September, fruiting from September to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于东北、华北、西北、西南及山东、江苏、安徽、河南等地。
Distributed in Northeast, North, Northwest, Southwest China, as well as Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于村边、路旁、荒地戈壁滩和含盐碱的沙质土壤上。
Grows on village edges, roadsides, wastelands, Gobi deserts, and saline-alkaline sandy soils.