槠子，中药名。为壳斗科植物苦槠栲Castanopsissclerophylla(Lindl.)Schott.、小叶青冈Cyclobalanopsismyrsinifolia(Blume)Oersted或青冈Cyclobalanopsisglauca(Thunb.)Oerst.的种仁。苦槠栲分布于长江以南各地；小叶青冈分布于中南、西南及陕西南部、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾等地；青冈分布于陕西、甘肃、青海、江苏、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、广东、海南、广西、云南等地。具有涩肠止泻，生津止渴之功效。用于泄泻，痢疾，津伤口渴，伤酒。
Zhu-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. efers to the seeds of plants in the Fagaceae family, including the species Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schott, Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia (Blume) Oersted, or Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst. Castanopsis sclerophylla is distributed in areas south of the Yangtze River, while Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia is found in central and southern China, southwestern China, southern Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Taiwan. Cyclobalanopsis glauca is distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, and Yunnan. It is known for its functions of astringing the intestines to stop diarrhea and generating fluids to quench thirst. It is used for treating diarrhea, dysentery, thirst due to fluid injury, and alcohol-induced injury.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy, function.

涩肠止泻，生津止渴。主治
Astringe the intestines to stop diarrhea, generate fluids to quench thirst.治疗

用于泄泻，痢疾，津伤口渴，伤酒。用法用量
Used for diarrhea, dysentery, thirst due to body fluid injury, and alcohol intoxication. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，10-15g。注意事项
Internal administration: Decoction, 10-15g. Please pay attention to the following precautions.

肠燥便秘者禁服。相关论述
People with dry intestines and constipation should avoid taking this medication. Please provide more context for further discussion.

《本草拾遗》：“止泄泻，破血，食之不饥，令健行，能除恶血，止渴。”临床应用 相关配伍
"Compendium of Materia Medica Supplement": "It stops diarrhea, breaks blood, satisfies hunger without overeating, promotes health, eliminates bad blood, and relieves thirst." Clinical applications and relevant combinations.

治患酒膈：苦槠煮熟，细嚼频食。（《随息居饮食谱》）加工炮制 采收加工
Treatment for alcohol-induced hiccup: Cook bitter apricot kernels thoroughly, chew them finely and eat frequently. (From "Dietary Recipes from the Suixiju") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

秋季果实成熟时，采收，晒干后剥取种仁。植物学信息 植物种属
When the fruits ripen in autumn, they are harvested, dried, and then the seeds are removed. Botanical information: plant species.

壳斗科植物苦槠栲、小叶青冈或青冈。形态特征
Quercus serrata, Quercus acutissima, or Quercus variabilis, all belonging to the Fagaceae family. Morphological characteristics.

1、苦槠栲又名：血槠，苦槠锥、槠栗、苦槠。乔木，高5-10米，稀达15米，胸径30-50厘米，树皮浅纵裂，片状剥落，小枝灰色，散生皮孔，当年生枝红褐色，略具棱，枝、叶均无毛。叶二列，叶片革质，长椭圆形，卵状椭圆形或兼有倒卵状椭圆形，长7-15厘米，宽3-6厘米，顶部渐尖或骤狭急尖，短尾状，基部近于圆或宽楔形，通常一侧略短且偏斜，叶缘在中部以上有锯齿状锐齿，很少兼有全缘叶，中脉在叶面至少下半段微凸起，上半段微凹陷，支脉明显或甚纤细，成长叶叶背淡银灰色；叶柄长1.5-2.5厘米。花序轴无毛，雄穗状花序通常单穗腋生，雄蕊12-10枚；雌花序长达15厘米。果序长8-15厘米，壳斗有坚果1个，偶有2-3，圆球形或半圆球形，全包或包着坚果的大部分，径12-15毫米，壳壁厚1毫米以内，不规则瓣状爆裂，小苞片鳞片状，大部分退化并横向连生成脊肋状圆环，或仅基部连生，呈环带状突起，外壁被黄棕色微柔毛；坚果近圆球形，径10-14毫米，顶部短尖，被短伏毛，果脐位于坚果的底部，宽7-9毫米，子叶平凸，有涩味。花期4-5月，果当年10-11月成熟。2、小叶青冈又名：甜槠，面槠，青栲，细叶青栎，小叶槠，青钩。常绿乔木，高20米，胸径达1米。小枝无毛，被凸起淡褐色长圆形皮孔。叶卵状披针形或椭圆状披针形，长6-11厘米，宽1.8-4厘米，顶端长渐尖或短尾状，基部楔形或近圆形，叶缘中部以上有细锯齿，侧脉每边9-14条，常不达叶缘，叶背支脉不明显，叶面绿色，叶背粉白色，干后为暗灰色，无毛；叶柄长1-2.5厘米，无毛。雄花序长4-6厘米；雌花序长1.5-3厘米。壳斗杯形，包着坚果1/3-1/2，直径1-1.8厘米，高5-8毫米，壁薄而脆，内壁无毛，外壁被灰白色细柔毛；小苞片合生成6-9条同心环带，环带全缘。坚果卵形或椭圆形，直径1-1.5厘米，高1.4-2.5厘米，无毛，顶端圆，柱座明显，有5-6条环纹；果脐平坦，直径约6毫米。花期6月，果期10月。3、青冈又名：铁槠、青冈栎、铁栎、花梢树、铁栗子。常绿乔木，高达20米，胸径可达1米。小枝无毛。叶片革质，倒卵状椭圆形或长椭圆形，长6-13厘米，宽2-5.5厘米，顶端渐尖或短尾状，基部圆形或宽楔形，叶缘中部以上有疏锯齿，侧脉每边9-13条，叶背支脉明显，叶面无毛，叶背有整齐平伏白色单毛，老时渐脱落，常有白色鳞秕；叶柄长1-3厘米。雄花序长5-6厘米，花序轴被苍色绒毛。果序长1.5-3厘米，着生果2-3个。壳斗碗形，包着坚果1/3-1/2，直径0.9-1.4厘米，高0.6-0.8厘米，被薄毛；小苞片合生成5-6条同心环带，环带全缘或有细缺刻，排列紧密。坚果卵形、长卵形或椭圆形，直径0.9-1.4厘米，高1-1.6厘米，无毛或被薄毛，果脐平坦或微凸起。花期4-5月，果期10月。分布区域

1. Ku Zhi Kao, also known as Xue Zhi, Ku Zhi Zhui, Zhu Li, and Ku Zhi. It is a tall tree, reaching 5-10 meters in height, occasionally up to 15 meters, with a diameter at breast height of 30-50 centimeters. The bark is shallowly longitudinally fissured, peeling off in flakes. The small branches are gray, with scattered pores, reddish-brown when young, slightly angular, and both branches and leaves are hairless. The leaves are arranged in two rows, leathery, elongated oval, ovate-elliptic, or inversely ovate-elliptic, 7-15 centimeters long and 3-6 centimeters wide, gradually pointed or abruptly acute at the top, with a short tail, rounded or broadly wedge-shaped at the base, usually slightly shorter and inclined on one side, serrated teeth above the middle of the leaf margin, rarely with entire margins, the midrib slightly raised on at least the lower half of the leaf surface, slightly concave on the upper half, prominent or very fine lateral veins, the growing leaves are light silver-gray on the back; petioles are 1.5-2.5 centimeters long. The inflorescence axis is hairless, the male spike-like inflorescence usually solitary in the axil, with 10-12 stamens; the female inflorescence can reach 15 centimeters in length. The fruit cluster is 8-15 centimeters long, with a hard nut, occasionally 2-3, spherical or hemispherical, fully enclosed or mostly enclosed by the shell, 12-15 millimeters in diameter, with a shell thickness of less than 1 millimeter, irregularly petal-like bursting, small bracts scale-like, mostly degenerate and horizontally connected to form rib-like rings, or only connected at the base, forming annular protrusions, the outer wall covered with yellow-brown fine soft hairs; the nut is nearly spherical, 10-14 millimeters in diameter, with a short pointed top, short appressed hairs, the hilum located at the base of the nut, 7-9 millimeters wide, with a bitter taste. Flowering occurs from April to May, and the fruit ripens in October to November of the same year.2. Xiao Ye Qing Gang, also known as Tian Zhi, Mian Zhi, Qing Kao, Xi Ye Qing Li, Xiao Ye Zhi, and Qing Gou. It is an evergreen tree, up to 20 meters tall, with a diameter at breast height of up to 1 meter. The small branches are hairless, with raised pale brown elliptical pores. The leaves are ovate lanceolate or elliptic lanceolate, 6-11 centimeters long and 1.8-4 centimeters wide, gradually pointed or with a short tail at the tip, wedge-shaped or nearly circular at the base, finely serrated above the middle of the leaf margin, with 9-14 veins on each side, often not reaching the leaf margin, the back veins are not prominent, the leaf surface is green, the back is powdery white, turning dark gray when dry, hairless; petioles are 1-2.5 centimeters long, hairless. The male inflorescence is 4-6 centimeters long; the female inflorescence is 1.5-3 centimeters long. The cup-shaped shell covers about 1/3-1/2 of the nut, with a diameter of 1-1.8 centimeters, a height of 5-8 millimeters, a thin and brittle wall, no hairs on the inner wall, and covered with gray-white fine soft hairs on the outer wall; the small bracts form 6-9 concentric rings, with entire margins. The nut is ovoid or elliptical, with a diameter of 1-1.5 centimeters, a height of 1.4-2.5 centimeters, hairless, rounded at the top, with a distinct base, and 5-6 concentric rings; the hilum is flat, with a diameter of about 6 millimeters. Flowering occurs in June, and fruiting in October.3. Qing Gang, also known as Tie Zhi, Qing Gang Li, Tie Li, Hua Shao Shu, and Tie Li Zi. It is an evergreen tree, up to 20 meters tall, with a diameter at breast height of up to 1 meter. The small branches are hairless. The leaves are leathery, inversely ovate-elliptic or elongated oval, 6-13 centimeters long and 2-5.5 centimeters wide, gradually pointed or with a short tail at the tip, round or broadly wedge-shaped at the base, sparsely serrated above the middle of the leaf margin, with 9-13 veins on each side, prominent lateral veins on the back of the leaf, hairless on the leaf surface, with neat appressed white single hairs on the back, gradually shedding when old, often with white scale remnants; petioles are 1-3 centimeters long. The male inflorescence is 5-6 centimeters long, with the inflorescence axis covered in grayish hairs. The fruit cluster is 1.5-3 centimeters long, bearing 2-3 fruits. The cup-shaped shell covers about 1/3-1/2 of the nut, with a diameter of 0.9-1.4 centimeters, a height of 0.6-0.8 centimeters, covered with thin hairs; the small bracts form 5-6 concentric rings, with entire or finely notched margins, arranged closely. The nut is ovoid, elongated ovoid, or elliptical, with a diameter of 0.9-1.4 centimeters, a height of 1-1.6 centimeters, hairless or covered with thin hairs, with a flat or slightly raised hilum. Flowering occurs from April to May, and fruiting in October. Distribution area.

1、除台湾、广东、海南、云南外，主要分布于长江以南各地。2、分布于中南、西南及陕西南部、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾等地。3、分布于陕西、甘肃、青海、江苏、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、广东、海南、广西、云南等地。生长环境

1. Apart from Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, and Yunnan, it is mainly distributed in various regions south of the Yangtze River.2. It is distributed in central and southern China, southwestern China, southern Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, and other regions.3. It is distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and other regions. Growing environment.

1、生于海拔1000m以下的低山杂木林中，与马尾松、青冈栎、甜槠、木荷等混生。2、生于海拔200-2500m的山地密林或疏林中。3、生于海拔2600m以下的山坡或沟谷杂木林中。

1. It grows in low mountain mixed forests below 1000 meters above sea level, mixed with Chinese pine, evergreen oak, sweet chestnut, and camphor trees.2. It grows in dense or sparse mountain forests at altitudes of 200-2500 meters.3. It grows in mountain slopes or valley mixed forests below 2600 meters above sea level.