梓实，中药名。为紫葳科植物梓CatalpaovataG.Don的果实。分布于长江流域及以北地区。具有利水消肿之功效。用于小便不利，浮肿，腹水。
Zi-shi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the fruit of the Catalpa ovata G. Don, a plant of the Bignoniaceae family, distributed in the Yangtze River basin and northern regions. It has the function of promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, and is used for conditions such as difficult urination, edema, and ascites.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

利水消肿。主治
Promote diuresis and reduce swelling. Used to treat...

用于小便不利，浮肿，腹水。用法用量
Used for difficult urination, edema, and ascites. Dosage and administration.

内服：水煎，9-15g。药理作用
Internal administration: Decoction, 9-15g. Pharmacological actions.

1、利尿作用。2、其他作用，对肾无碳酸酐酶抑制作用，对肾小球滤过和肾血流量也无影响，对血压、心和心脏均无显著的影响。3、果实具有抗炎作用。梓实苷能抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶及神经细胞保护作用。水的提取物中分得的梓实糖苷还有致突变作用。相关论述

1. Diuretic effect.2. Other effects include no inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the kidneys, no impact on glomerular filtration and renal blood flow, and no significant effects on blood pressure, heart, and cardiac function.3. The fruit has anti-inflammatory effects. Ailanthus glucoside can inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase and have neuroprotective effects. Ailanthus glycoside extracted from water also has mutagenic effects. Related discussions.

1、《现代实用中药》：“利尿。治浮肿。”2、《中国药用植物图鉴》：“外用杀虫。”临床应用 临床应用

1. "Modern Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine": "Diuretic. Treats edema."2. "Illustrated Handbook of Chinese Medicinal Plants": "External use for insecticidal purposes." Clinical application.

用于治疗浮肿，慢性肾炎，膀胱炎，肝硬化腹水等。相关配伍
Used for treating edema, chronic nephritis, cystitis, ascites due to liver cirrhosis, etc. Related compatibility.

1、治浮肿，慢性肾炎，尿蛋白：梓实15g。水煎服。（《河北中药手册》）2、治肾炎水肿：（1）梓实9g，水煎服；或加黄芪、茯苓各9g，玉米须、白茅根各15g。水煎服。（《福建药物志》（2）梓实15g，木通9g，车前9g。水煎，日服2次。（《吉林中草药》）3、治晚期血吸虫病腹水：梓实5-10g。水煎，分3次服，连服17-49天。（《福建药物志》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. Treatment for edema, chronic nephritis, and proteinuria: 15g of Fructus Koelreuteriae. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine Handbook") 2. Treatment for nephritis edema: (1) 9g of Fructus Koelreuteriae, decoction for oral administration; or combined with 9g each of Astragalus and Poria, and 15g each of corn silk and white grass root. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Fujian Materia Medica") (2) 15g of Fructus Koelreuteriae, 9g of Akebia, and 9g of Plantago. Decoction, taken twice a day. (From "Jilin Chinese Herbal Medicine")3. Treatment for ascites in advanced schistosomiasis: 5-10g of Fructus Koelreuteriae. Decoction, divided into 3 doses, taken continuously for 17-49 days. (From "Fujian Materia Medica") Processing and preparation: Harvesting and processing.

秋、冬间摘取成熟果实，晒干。药材鉴别 药材性状
Harvest the ripe fruits in autumn and winter, then sun-dry them. Identify the medicinal herbs and describe their properties.

果实呈狭线形，鲜时具强粘性，熟时渐次消失，长20-30cm，直径5-9mm，微弯转，暗棕色或黑棕色，有细纵皱，并有光泽细点，粗糙而脆，先端常破裂，露出种子，基部有果柄。种子菲薄，淡褐色，长5mm，直径2-3mm，上下两端具白色光泽毛绒，长约1cm，中央内面有暗色脐点，种皮除去可见子叶2片。气微，味淡。植物学信息 植物种属
The fruit is linear in shape, highly sticky when fresh, gradually losing stickiness when ripe, 20-30cm long, 5-9mm in diameter, slightly curved, dark brown or blackish-brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles and shiny spots, rough and brittle. The tip often ruptures, exposing the seeds, and there is a fruit stalk at the base. The seeds are thin, light brown, 5mm long, 2-3mm in diameter, with white shiny hairs at both ends, about 1cm long, and a dark navel spot on the central inner surface. Removing the seed coat reveals two cotyledons. The odor is faint, and the taste is mild. Botanical information: Plant species.

紫葳科植物梓。形态特征
Purple vetch family plant, Chinese parasol tree. Morphological characteristics.

梓又名：木王，楸，花楸，水桐，河楸，臭梧桐，黄花楸，木角豆。乔木，高达15米；树冠伞形，主干通直，嫩枝具稀疏柔毛。叶对生或近于对生，有时轮生，阔卵形，长宽近相等，长约25厘米，顶端渐尖，基部心形，全缘或浅波状，常3浅裂，叶片上面及下面均粗糙，微被柔毛或近于无毛，侧脉4-6对，基部掌状脉5-7条；叶柄长6-18厘米。顶生圆锥花序；花序梗微被疏毛，长12-28厘米。花萼蕾时圆球形，2唇开裂，长6-8毫米。花冠钟状，淡黄色，内面具2黄色条纹及紫色斑点，长约2.5厘米，直径约2厘米。能育雄蕊2，花丝插生于花冠筒上，花药叉开；退化雄蕊3。子房上位，棒状。花柱丝形，柱头2裂。蒴果线形，下垂，长20-30厘米，粗5-7毫米。种子长椭圆形，长6-8毫米，宽约3毫米，两端具有平展的长毛。分布区域
Chinese catalpa, also known as: wooden king, catalpa, catalpa flower, water tung, river catalpa, stinky tung tree, yellow catalpa, and wooden acacia. It is a tall tree, reaching up to 15 meters in height, with an umbrella-shaped crown, a straight trunk, and young branches sparsely covered with soft hairs. The leaves are opposite or nearly opposite, sometimes whorled, broadly ovate, with a length and width of about 25 centimeters, gradually pointed at the apex, heart-shaped at the base, with entire or shallowly wavy margins, often with 3 shallow lobes. The upper and lower surfaces of the leaves are rough, slightly hairy, or nearly hairless, with 4-6 pairs of lateral veins and 5-7 palmate veins at the base. The petiole is 6-18 centimeters long. The terminal inflorescence is a rounded cone; the inflorescence stalk is sparsely hairy, 12-28 centimeters long. The calyx is spherical when in bud, with 2 lips, 6-8 millimeters long. The corolla is bell-shaped, pale yellow, with 2 yellow stripes and purple spots on the inner surface, about 2.5 centimeters long and 2 centimeters in diameter. There are 2 fertile stamens, with filaments inserted on the corolla tube, and divergent anthers; 3 degenerate stamens. The ovary is superior, rod-shaped. The style is thread-like, with a 2-lobed stigma. The capsule is linear, pendulous, 20-30 centimeters long, and 5-7 millimeters thick. The seeds are elongated oval, 6-8 millimeters long, about 3 millimeters wide, with long flat hairs at both ends. Distribution area.

分布于长江流域及以北地区。生长环境
Distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and northern regions. Growing environment.

生于低山河谷，湿润土壤，多栽培于村庄附近及公路两旁。
Born in low mountain valleys, with moist soil, often cultivated near villages and along roadsides.