榆枝，中药名。为榆科植物榆树UlmuspumilaL.的枝。分布于东北、华北、西北、华东、中南、西南及西藏等地，长江以南多系栽培。具有利尿通淋之功效。常用于气淋。
Yu-zhi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the branches of the elm tree (Ulmus pumila L.) of the family Ulmaceae. It is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, East China, Central and South China, Southwest China, and Tibet, and is mostly cultivated south of the Yangtze River. It has the function of promoting diuresis and relieving stranguria, and is often used for conditions of urinary dribbling.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

利尿通淋。
Diuretic and relieving stranguria.

主治 Indications

气淋。
Qi Lin (dysuria due to qi stagnation).

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治气淋，脐下满急切痛：榆枝半两，石燕子三枚。上二味，粗捣筛。每服三钱匕，水一盏，煎至七分，去滓温服，不拘时。（《圣济总录》榆枝汤）
Treatment for dysuria due to qi stagnation with fullness and severe pain below the navel: Use half a liang of elm twig and three pieces of stone swallow. Grind the two ingredients coarsely and sieve. Take three qian each time, add one cup of water, decoct until reduced to seven parts, strain and take warm, at any time. (Yuzhi Tang from Shengji Zonglu)

相关配伍 Relevant Compatibility

榆枝配石燕子：增强行气利水、通淋止痛之效。
Elm twig with Stone Swallow: Enhances the effect of promoting qi circulation, diuresis, and relieving stranguria and pain.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收树枝，鲜用或晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Collect branches in summer and autumn, use fresh or dry in the sun.

炮制方法：取原药材，除去杂质，稍浸，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Processing method: Take the raw herb, remove impurities, soak slightly, wash clean, moisten thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：榆科植物榆树。
Plant species: Ulmus pumila L., a plant of the Ulmaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

榆树，又名枌、白榆、白枌、零榆、枌榆、榆钱树、家榆、春榆、粘榔树、钻天榆、钱榆。落叶乔木，高达25米，胸径1米，在干瘠之地长成灌木状；幼树树皮平滑，灰褐色或浅灰色，大树之皮暗灰色，不规则深纵裂，粗糙；小枝无毛或有毛，淡黄灰色、淡褐灰色或灰色，稀淡褐黄色或黄色，有散生皮孔，无膨大的木栓层及凸起的木栓翅；冬芽近球形或卵圆形，芽鳞背面无毛，内层芽鳞的边缘具白色长柔毛。叶椭圆状卵形、长卵形、椭圆状披针形或卵状披针形，长2-8厘米，宽1.2-3.5厘米，先端渐尖或长渐尖，基部偏斜或近对称，一侧楔形至圆，另一侧圆至半心脏形，叶面平滑无毛，叶背幼时有短柔毛，后变无毛或部分脉腋有簇生毛，边缘具重锯齿或单锯齿，侧脉每边9-16条，叶柄长4-10毫米，通常仅上面有短柔毛。花先叶开放，在去年生枝的叶腋成簇生状。翅果近圆形，稀倒卵状圆形，长1.2-2厘米，除顶端缺口柱头面被毛外，余处无毛，果核部分位于翅果的中部，上端不接近或接近缺口，成熟前后其色与果翅相同，初淡绿色，后白黄色，宿存花被无毛，4浅裂，裂片边缘有毛，果梗较花被为短，长1-2毫米，被（或稀无）短柔毛。花果期3-6月（东北较晚）。
Elm tree, also known as Fen, Baiyu, Baifen, Lingyu, Fenyu, Yuqianshu, Jiayu, Chunyu, Nianlangshu, Zuantiangyu, Qianyu. It is a deciduous tree up to 25 meters tall with a trunk diameter of 1 meter, growing shrub-like in arid and poor soils. Young bark is smooth, gray-brown or light gray; mature bark is dark gray, deeply irregularly fissured and rough. Twigs are glabrous or pubescent, pale yellow-gray, light brown-gray, or gray, with scattered lenticels, lacking swollen cork layers or corky wings. Winter buds are nearly spherical or ovate, with glabrous backs and inner scales having white ciliate margins. Leaves are elliptic-ovate, lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 2–8 cm long, 1.2–3.5 cm wide, acuminate or long-acuminate at apex, asymmetric or nearly symmetrical at base, cuneate to rounded on one side, rounded to semi-cordate on the other. Leaf surface is glabrous; abaxial surface has short pubescence when young, becoming glabrous or with tufted hairs in vein axils. Margins are doubly serrate or singly serrate. Lateral veins 9–16 pairs. Petioles 4–10 mm long, usually pubescent only on upper side. Flowers appear before leaves, clustered in leaf axils of previous year’s branches. Samaras nearly round, rarely obovate-round, 1.2–2 cm long, glabrous except for pubescence on the stigma surface at the notch. Nutlet located in middle of samara, not or barely reaching the notch. Color same as wing—initially pale green, turning whitish-yellow when mature. Persistent perianth glabrous, shallowly 4-lobed, lobes with ciliate margins. Fruiting pedicel shorter than perianth, 1–2 mm long, sparsely pubescent or rarely glabrous. Flowering and fruiting period: March to June (later in Northeast China).

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于东北、华北、西北、华东、中南、西南及西藏等地，长江以南多系栽培。
Distributed in Northeast, North, Northwest, East, Central South, Southwest China, and Tibet; commonly cultivated south of the Yangtze River.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于河堤、田埂和路边，山麓、沙地上亦有生长。
Grows on riverbanks, field ridges, roadsides, as well as at mountain foothills and on sandy land.