皂荚，中药名。为豆科皂荚属植物皂荚Gleditsia sinensis Lam.的果实或不育果实。前者称皂荚，后者称猪牙皂。具有祛痰止咳，开窍通闭，杀虫散结的功效。主治痰咳喘满，中风口噤，痰涎壅盛，神昏不语，癫痫，喉痹，二便不通，痈肿疥癣。
Zao-jia, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the fruit or infertile fruit of the plant Gleditsia sinensis Lam. in the Fabaceae family. The former is called "Zao-jia" and the latter is called "Zhu-ya-zao". It has the effects of resolving phlegm and relieving cough, opening the orifices, eliminating insects, and dispersing masses. It is mainly used for treating phlegm cough, asthma, stroke-induced aphasia, excessive phlegm and saliva, loss of consciousness, epilepsy, throat obstruction, constipation, abscesses, and skin diseases.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy, function.

祛痰止咳，开窍通闭，杀虫散结。主治
Resolve phlegm, stop coughing, open the orifices, unblock stagnation, kill parasites, and disperse masses. Mainly used for treating...

1、用于痰咳喘满，中风口噤，痰涎壅盛，神昏不语，癫痫，喉痹，二便不通，痈肿疥癣。2、西医诊为慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘、肺源性心脏病、阻塞性肺气肿、急性咽喉炎、喉梗阻等属于痰浊痹阻者，脑岀血、脑梗死、癫痫等属于痰湿阻窍者。用法用量

1. Indicated for phlegm cough and wheezing, stroke with locked jaw, excessive phlegm and saliva, loss of consciousness, epilepsy, throat obstruction, constipation, and abscesses. 2. In Western medicine, diagnosed conditions such as chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, cor pulmonale, obstructive pulmonary emphysema, acute pharyngitis, and throat obstruction belong to the category of phlegm obstruction. Conditions like cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and epilepsy belong to the category of phlegm dampness blocking the orifices. Dosage and administration.

内服：1-3g，多入丸、散。外用：适量，研末抽鼻；或煎水洗；或研末掺或调敷；或熬膏涂；或烧烟熏。不良反应
Internal use: 1-3g, usually in pill or powder form. External use: apply an appropriate amount of the powdered herb to the nostrils; or decoct in water for washing; or mix the powdered herb with other substances for application; or make an ointment for topical use; or burn the herb for fumigation. Possible adverse reactions.

1、皂荚所含的皂荚苷有毒，对胃黏膜有强烈的刺激作用，导致胃黏膜被破坏而吸收中毒，故用量过大、误食种子或豆荚，及注射用药均可致毒性反应。初起觉得咽干、上腹饱胀及灼热感，继之恶心、呕吐、烦躁不安，腹泻，大便多呈水样，带泡沫，并有溶血现象，出现面色苍白、黄疸、腰痛、血红蛋白尿及缺氧症状等。同时岀现头痛、头晕、全身衰弱无力及四肢酸麻等，严重者因脱水、休克、呼吸麻痹、肾衰而致死亡。2、中毒早期应立即催吐、洗胃，并口服牛乳、蛋清等以保护胃黏膜，必要时可导泻；静脉补液维持水、电解质及酸碱平衡，并促进毒素排泄；有溶血征象者，应用碳酸氢钠以碱化尿液，严重者须输血、给氧，酌用可的松类激素，如氢化可的松或地塞米松等，并作对症处理。中药可用生姜9克、香薷9克、赤芍9克、乌药9克、藿香6克、羌活6克、大腹皮12克，水煎服；或以黄柏9克、甘草6克，水煎服。注意事项

1. Sophora contains toxic sophoricoside, which has a strong irritating effect on the gastric mucosa, leading to gastric mucosal damage and absorption of toxins. Therefore, excessive dosage, ingestion of seeds or pods by mistake, and injection of medications can all cause toxic reactions. Initially, symptoms may include dry throat, upper abdominal distension, and burning sensation, followed by nausea, vomiting, restlessness, diarrhea with watery stools containing foam, hemolysis, pale complexion, jaundice, lower back pain, hemoglobinuria, and symptoms of hypoxia. Headache, dizziness, general weakness, limb numbness, and other symptoms may also occur. In severe cases, dehydration, shock, respiratory paralysis, renal failure, and death may result.2. In the early stages of poisoning, immediate induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, oral administration of milk, egg whites, etc., to protect the gastric mucosa, and if necessary, laxatives can be administered. Intravenous fluid replacement is needed to maintain water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, and promote toxin excretion. In cases of hemolysis, sodium bicarbonate should be used to alkalize the urine. Severe cases may require blood transfusion, oxygen therapy, and the cautious use of corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone or dexamethasone, along with symptomatic treatment. Chinese herbal medicine can be used, such as a decoction of 9g ginger, 9g mint, 9g peony root, 9g aconite, 6g patchouli, 6g notopterygium root, and 12g pericarpium citri reticulatae; or a decoction of 9g phellodendron bark and 6g licorice. Precautions should be taken.

体虚及孕妇、咯血者禁服。化学成分
Weak constitution, pregnant women, and those with hemoptysis should not take this medication. Chemical composition.

含三萜类皂类、鞣质、蜡醇、二十九烷、豆甾醇等。药理作用
Contains triterpenoid saponins, tannins, alcohols, hentriacontane, sitosterol, etc. Pharmacological effects.

1、对呼吸系统的影响：皂荚能使猫呼吸道分泌物增加而产生祛痰作用。其活性成分是皂苷，能刺激黏膜而反射性促进呼吸道黏膜分泌物增多。2、对病原微生物的作用：皂荚对大肠杆菌、宋内氏痢疾杆菌、变形菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、霍乱弧菌等革兰阴性肠内致病菌有抑制作用；其1:3的水浸剂对堇色毛癣菌、星形奴卡氏菌等皮肤真菌亦有一定的抑制作用。3、杀虫作用：猪牙皂在体外有杀死丝虫幼虫的作用。相关论述

1. Effects on the respiratory system: Soapberry can increase the secretion of respiratory tract mucus in cats, leading to expectorant effects. Its active ingredient is saponin, which can stimulate the mucous membrane and reflexively promote an increase in respiratory tract mucous secretion.2. Effects on pathogenic microorganisms: Soapberry has inhibitory effects on Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria in the intestines, such as Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Proteus, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio cholerae. A 1:3 water extract of soapberry also has a certain inhibitory effect on skin fungi such as Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis.3. Insecticidal effects: Soapberry has the ability to kill filarial larvae in vitro.

1、《本经》：“主风痹死肌，邪气，风头泪出，利九窍，杀精物。”2、《别录》：“疗腹胀满，消谷，除咳嗽囊结，妇人胞不落，明目益精。”临床应用 临床应用

1. "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic": "It treats wind-induced arthralgia, necrosis of muscles, pathogenic factors, tearing due to wind-heat, benefits the nine orifices, and eliminates pathogenic substances."2. "Additional Records": "It treats abdominal distension and fullness, aids in digestion, resolves cough and accumulation in the throat, prevents prolapse of the uterus in women, improves vision, and nourishes essence." Clinical application.

1、治咳逆上气，时时唾浊，但坐不得眠：皂荚240g（刮去皮，用酥炙）末之，蜜丸梧子大，以枣膏和汤服三丸，日三夜一服。（《金匮要略》皂荚丸）2、治大小便不通，关格不利：烧皂荚，细研。粥饮下9g，立通。（《政类本草》引孙真人方）相关配伍

1. To treat cough with rebellious qi, frequent expectoration of turbid phlegm, and inability to lie down: Take 240g of Zao Jia (peeled and stir-baked) and grind it into powder. Make honey pills the size of Wu Zi (a type of Chinese herb), mix with jujube paste, and take three pills with warm decoction three times a day, once every three nights. (From "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" - Zao Jia Pill)2. To treat constipation and urinary retention with blocked lower abdominal area: Burn and finely grind Zao Jia. Drink 9g of the gruel, and it will promote bowel movement. (From "Categorised Materia Medica" quoting the prescription of Sun Simiao) Relevant compatibility.

1、皂荚配麻黄：皂荚辛能通利气道，咸能软化胶结之痰，功专祛除顽痰；麻黄辛散温通，既发汗解表，又宣肺平喘。两药伍用，可增强化痰平喘之力。适用于顽痰阻肺，咳喘痰多者。2、皂荚配细辛：皂荚味辛散而性窜，入鼻则嚏，入喉则吐，能开噤通窍；细辛辛散温通，既能发散风寒，又能通窍止痛。两药伍用，吹鼻取嚏，共奏通窍开闭之功。适用于痰涎壅盛，关窍阻闭之中风、痰厥及癫痫,。3、皂荚配明矾：皂荚味辛散而性窜，入喉则吐，能开噤通窍；明矾酸苦涌泄而能祛除风痰。两药伍用，温水调服，有涌吐痰涎而豁痰开窍醒神之功效。适用于痰涎壅盛之喉痹证。鉴别用药

1. Soapberry combined with Ephedra: Soapberry has a pungent taste that can clear and open the airways, and its salty nature can soften phlegm and dissolve stubborn phlegm. Its function is specifically to eliminate stubborn phlegm. Ephedra has a pungent dispersing and warming nature, which can induce sweating to release the exterior and also disperse the lungs to relieve wheezing. When these two herbs are used together, they can enhance the ability to dissolve phlegm and relieve wheezing. This combination is suitable for cases of stubborn phlegm obstructing the lungs and excessive phlegm with cough and wheezing.2. Soapberry combined with Asarum: Soapberry has a dispersing pungent taste and a nature that scatters, causing sneezing when inhaled and inducing vomiting when reaching the throat, thus opening the orifices and clearing blockages. Asarum has a dispersing pungent and warming nature, which can dispel wind-cold and open the orifices to relieve pain. When these two herbs are used together, they can induce sneezing and play a role in opening and closing the orifices. This combination is suitable for conditions of excessive phlegm and saliva, or windstroke and phlegm-induced convulsions and epilepsy with orifices blockage.3. Soapberry combined with Alum: Soapberry has a dispersing pungent taste and a nature that scatters, inducing vomiting when reaching the throat, thus opening the orifices and clearing blockages. Alum has a sour and bitter taste that can promote urination and eliminate wind-phlegm. When these two herbs are used together, taken with warm water, they can induce vomiting of phlegm and saliva, thus clearing phlegm, opening the orifices, and refreshing the mind. This combination is suitable for cases of phlegm and saliva stagnation causing throat impediment. Discrimination in the use of herbs is necessary.

细辛与皂荚：两者均味辛走窜而善通窍开闭，可用治痰涎壅盛，关窍闭阻之证。但皂荚味咸能软化胶结之痰，有较强的祛痰导滞作用，故适用于顽痰阻肺，胸闷咳喘，咯痰不爽之证；兼有祛风杀虫之功，又治皮癣、麻风等。细辛芳香透达，长于解表散寒，温肺化饮，多用于风寒感冒，头痛牙痛，风湿痹痛，鼻渊，肺寒咳喘。加工炮制 采收加工
Xixin and Zaojiao: Both of them have a pungent taste that disperses and is good at opening and closing the orifices, and can be used to treat conditions of phlegm obstruction and orifice closure. However, Zaojiao has a salty taste that can soften phlegm concretions, with a strong effect of resolving phlegm and relieving stagnation. Therefore, it is suitable for stubborn phlegm obstructing the lungs, chest tightness, coughing, and unsatisfactory phlegm expulsion. It also has the functions of dispelling wind, killing parasites, and treating conditions like tinea and leprosy. Xixin has a fragrant aroma and is good at releasing the exterior and dispersing cold, warming the lungs, and resolving fluid retention. It is commonly used for wind-cold common cold, headache, toothache, wind-damp arthralgia, rhinitis, and cold-induced asthma. Processing and preparation methods are involved in the collection and processing of these herbs.

栽培5-6年后即结果，秋季果实成熟变黑时采摘，晒干。炮制方法
The fruits can be harvested after 5-6 years of cultivation, when they turn black and ripen in autumn. They should be picked and dried in the sun. This is the processing method.

1、皂荚：取原药材，拣去杂质，洗净，干燥，用时捣碎。2、猪牙皂：取原药材，除去杂质，洗净，干燥，用时捣碎。3、炒猪牙皂：取净砂子置锅内，用中火炒热，加入净猪牙皂，拌炒至疏松鼓起，呈深棕色，取出，筛去砂子，放凉。或取净猪牙皂置锅内，用文火炒至表面色泽加深、发亮时取出，放凉。保存方法

1. Soapberry: Take the original medicinal material, remove impurities, wash, dry, and crush before use.2. Pig tooth soap: Take the original medicinal material, remove impurities, wash, dry, and crush before use.3. Fried pig tooth soap: Place clean sand in a pot, heat it over medium heat, add clean pig tooth soap, stir-fry until fluffy and puffed up, dark brown in color, remove, sift out the sand, and let it cool. Alternatively, place clean pig tooth soap in a pot, fry over low heat until the surface darkens and becomes shiny, then remove and let it cool. Storage method.

贮干燥容器内，置通风干燥处，防蛀。药材鉴别 药材性状
Store in a dry container, place in a well-ventilated and dry area, and prevent moth damage. Identification of medicinal materials and their properties.

皂荚果实呈扁长的剑鞘状而略弯曲，长15-20cm，宽2-3.5cm，厚0.8-1.5cm，表面深紫棕色至黑棕色，被灰色粉霜，种子所在处隆起，基部渐狭而略弯，有短果柄或果柄痕。两侧有明显的纵棱线，摇之有响声，质硬，剖开后，果皮断面黄色，纤维性。种子多数，扁椭圆形，黄棕色，光滑。气特异，有强烈刺激性，粉末嗅之有催嚏性，味辛辣。以肥厚、色紫褐者为佳。饮片性状
The fruit of the soapberry is flat and elongated, resembling a scabbard with a slight curve, measuring 15-20cm in length, 2-3.5cm in width, and 0.8-1.5cm in thickness. The surface is dark purple-brown to black-brown, covered with a gray powdery frost. The area where the seeds are located is raised, tapering gradually at the base with a slight curve, and may have a short stalk or stalk scar. There are obvious longitudinal ridges on both sides, and the fruit makes a rattling sound when shaken. It is hard in texture, and when cut open, the fruit peel is yellow and fibrous. The seeds are mostly flat-elliptical, yellow-brown, and smooth. The fruit has a unique smell, strong irritant properties, and the powder can cause sneezing when smelled, with a spicy taste. The preferred fruit is thick, dark purple-brown in color. This is the description of the dried slices of the fruit.

1、皂荚、猪牙皂：参见“药材”项。2、炒猪牙皂：微鼓起，色泽深棕色，有光泽，气微香，有刺激性。植物学信息 植物种属

1. Soapnut, Pig Tooth Soapnut: See "Medicinal Materials" entry.2. Stir-fried Pig Tooth Soapnut: Slightly swollen, dark brown in color, glossy, with a mild fragrance and slight irritation. Botanical information Plant species.

豆科皂荚属植物皂荚。形态特征
The soapberry belongs to the legume family. Its morphological characteristics include:

落叶乔木或小乔木，高可达30m；枝灰色至深褐色；刺粗壮，圆柱形，常分枝，多呈圆锥状，长达16cm。叶为一回羽状复叶，长10-18（26）cm；小叶（2）3-9对，纸质，卵状披针形至长圆形，长2-8.5（12.5）cm，宽1-4（6）cm，先端急尖或渐尖，顶端圆钝，具小尖头，基部圆形或楔形，有时稍歪斜，边缘具细锯齿，上面被短柔毛，下面中脉上稍被柔毛；网脉明显，在两面凸起；小叶柄长1-2（5）mm，被短柔毛。花杂性，黄白色，组成总状花序；花序腋生或顶生，长5-14cm，被短柔毛；雄花：直径9-10mm；花梗长2-8（10）mm；花托长2.5-3mm，深棕色，外面被柔毛；萼片4，三角状披针形，长3mm，两面被柔毛；花瓣4，长圆形，长4-5mm，被微柔毛；雄蕊8（6）；退化雌蕊长2.5mm；两性花：直径10-12mm；花梗长2-5mm；萼、花瓣与雄花的相似，惟萼片长4-5mm，花瓣长5-6mm；雄蕊8；子房缝线上及基部被毛（偶有少数湖北标本子房全体被毛），柱头浅2裂；胚珠多数。荚果带状，长12-37cm，宽2-4cm，劲直或扭曲，果肉稍厚，两面臌起，或有的荚果短小，多少呈柱形，长5-13cm，宽1-1.5cm，弯曲作新月形，通常称猪牙皂，内无种子；果颈长1-3.5cm；果瓣革质，褐棕色或红褐色，常被白色粉霜；种子多颗，长圆形或椭圆形，长11-13mm，宽8-9mm，棕色，光亮。花期3-5月；果期5-12月。分布区域
Deciduous trees or small trees, can grow up to 30m tall; branches are grey to dark brown; thorns are stout, cylindrical, often branched, mostly conical, up to 16cm long. Leaves are once-pinnate compound, 10-18 (26) cm long; leaflets in (2) 3-9 pairs, papery, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, 2-8.5 (12.5) cm long, 1-4 (6) cm wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, obtuse at the tip, with a small tip, rounded or wedge-shaped at the base, sometimes slightly oblique, margins finely serrate, short pubescent on the upper surface, slightly pubescent on the midrib on the lower surface; prominent reticulate veins, raised on both sides; leaflets with a 1-2 (5) mm long petiole, short pubescent. Flowers are monoecious, yellow-white, in compound racemes; racemes are axillary or terminal, 5-14cm long, short pubescent; male flowers: 9-10mm in diameter; flower stalk 2-8 (10) mm long; receptacle 2.5-3mm long, dark brown, pubescent on the outside; sepals 4, triangular-lanceolate, 3mm long, pubescent on both sides; petals 4, oblong, 4-5mm long, minutely pubescent; stamens 8 (6); degenerate pistil 2.5mm long; hermaphrodite flowers: 10-12mm in diameter; flower stalk 2-5mm long; sepals, petals similar to male flowers, except sepals are 4-5mm long, petals are 5-6mm long; stamens 8; ovary with hairy sutures and base (occasionally a few specimens from Hubei have ovaries entirely hairy), stigma shallowly 2-lobed; numerous ovules. Pods are strap-shaped, 12-37cm long, 2-4cm wide, straight or twisted, slightly thick flesh, swollen on both sides, some pods are short and somewhat columnar, 5-13cm long, 1-1.5cm wide, curved like a crescent moon, commonly known as "pig teeth soap," without seeds inside; fruit neck 1-3.5cm long; fruit valves leathery, brown or reddish-brown, often covered with white powder; numerous seeds, oblong or elliptical, 11-13mm long, 8-9mm wide, brown, shiny. Flowering period is from March to May; fruiting period is from May to December. Distribution area.

分布于华北、东北、华东、中南以及四川、贵州等地。道地产区
Distributed in North China, Northeast China, East China, Central and South China, as well as Sichuan, Guizhou, and other regions. Authentic production areas.

主产于四川、河北、陕西、河南等地。生长环境
Mainly produced in Sichuan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Henan and other regions. Growing environment.

生于路边、沟旁、住宅附近。
Born by the roadside, by the ditch, or near residential areas.