燕麦灵，中药名。为菊科植物云南兔耳风AinsliaeayunnanensisFranch.的全草。分布于四川、云南。具有祛风湿，续筋骨，消积，驱虫之功效。常用于风湿关节痛，跌打损伤，骨折，消化不良，疳积，虫积。
Yan-mai-ling, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole herb of Ainsliaea yunnanensis Franch., a plant of the Asteraceae family. It is distributed in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. It is known for its effects of dispelling wind and dampness, strengthening tendons and bones, resolving accumulations, and expelling parasites. It is commonly used for rheumatic joint pain, bruises, fractures, indigestion, malnutrition, and intestinal parasites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风湿，续筋骨，消积，驱虫。
Dispelling dampness, strengthening tendons and bones, resolving stagnation, and expelling parasites.

主治 Indications

风湿关节痛，跌打损伤，骨折，消化不良，疳积，虫积。
Rheumatic joint pain, bruises, fractures, indigestion, accumulation of malnutrition in children (ganji), and intestinal parasites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，10-15g；或浸酒；或研末。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: decoction, 10-15g; or soaked in alcohol; or powdered. External use: apply an appropriate amount, crushed and applied.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

1、镇咳祛痰作用。
2、抑菌作用。

1. Antitussive and expectorant effects.
2. Antibacterial effects.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《云南中草药》：“祛风除湿，活血散瘀，消食健胃。”
2、《全国中草药汇编》：“根清热解毒，与墨旱莲、蓝靛配用。”

1. "Yunnan Herbal Medicine": "Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, aiding digestion and invigorating the stomach."
2. "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine": "The root clears heat and detoxifies, used in combination with Mo Han Lian and Lan Dian."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治风湿骨痛，跌打损伤，牙痛：追风箭9-15g。煎服或泡酒60g分服。（《云南中草药》）
2、治小儿疳积：追风箭根9-30g。炖肉或煮红糖服。体虚者用（追风箭）9-15g拌糯米煮吃。（《云南中草药》）

1. For treating rheumatism, bone pain, injuries from falls, and toothache: Use 9-15g of Radix Clematidis in decoction or soak in 60g of alcohol for separate doses. (From "Yunnan Chinese Herbal Medicine")
2. For treating infantile malnutrition: Use 9-30g of Radix Clematidis root, stew with meat or cook with brown sugar for consumption. For those with deficiency, mix 9-15g of Radix Clematidis with glutinous rice for consumption. (From "Yunnan Chinese Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采挖，鲜用或切段晒干。
Harvesting and processing: collect in summer or autumn, use fresh or cut into sections and sun-dry.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：根茎较粗，直径3-6mm，密被锈色绒毛；根簇生，较粗，直径2-3mm，黄棕色，表面具浅纵纹，质脆易折断，断面黄白色。茎直径2-2.5mm，表面被疏柔毛，质硬，不易折断。叶片卵形、卵状披针形，长2-5cm，宽1-2.5cm，顶端短尖，基部稍下延，两侧不对称，厚革质，上表面粗糙，具明显的疣状突起，下面被糙伏毛，头状花序具花三朵，在茎的上部同侧排列，常3-6朵密集，复排成间断的穗状花序；总苞片5-6层，花淡红或黄白色，花冠较长，长16-18mm，檐部5深裂，顶部卷曲。气香，味极苦。
Characteristics of medicinal material: The rhizome is relatively thick, with a diameter of 3-6mm, densely covered with rust-colored hairs; the roots are clustered, thick, 2-3mm in diameter, yellow-brown, with shallow longitudinal stripes on the surface, brittle and easily broken, with a yellow-white cross-section. The stem is 2-2.5mm in diameter, sparsely covered with soft hairs, hard texture, not easily broken. The leaves are ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5cm long, 1-2.5cm wide, with a short pointed tip, slightly decurrent at base, asymmetrical on both sides, thick leathery, rough upper surface with prominent wart-like protrusions, lower surface covered with appressed coarse hairs. The capitulum has three flowers, arranged on one side of the upper stem, often densely clustered (3-6 flowers), forming interrupted spike-like inflorescences. Involucral bracts in 5-6 layers, flowers pale red or yellow-white, corolla long (16-18mm), limb deeply 5-lobed, apex curled. Aromatic odor, extremely bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科兔儿风属云南兔耳风。
The Yunnan Hare's Ear (Ainsliaea yunnanensis) belongs to the Asteraceae family, genus Ainsliaea.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本。根状茎圆柱形，直伸或弯曲，直径3-6毫米，稀有达1厘米者，根颈密被绵毛；根近肉质，粗壮，簇生。茎直立，单一，不分枝，花葶状，高20-60毫米，基部直径1.5-2.5毫米，多少被绵毛。叶基生的密集，呈莲座状，大小极不等，叶片近革质，卵形、卵状披针形或披针形，长2-6厘米，宽1-4厘米，顶端短尖，基部圆或截平，有时沿叶柄短下延，两侧常不等，边缘有胼胝体状细齿，上面被具疣状基部的糙毛，但在花期多数毛脱落而仅存粗糙的疣状凸起，下面被糙伏状长柔毛，常于脉上较密；中脉在下面明显凸起，侧脉4-5对，很纤细，弯拱上升，虽有少数分枝，但不结成网眼；叶柄长2-7.5厘米，无翅，被长柔毛，基部明显扩大；茎生叶与基生叶近同形，少而小，长8-20毫米，宽3-7毫米，被毛，下部的具3-5毫米的短柄，上部的无柄。头状花序具花3朵，花期长达22毫米，沿茎的上部一侧或于同一侧的短枝上通常3-6密集，平展或下垂，复作间断的穗状花序式排列；总苞圆筒形，直径约6毫米；总苞片5-6层，边缘和顶部带紫红色，背部均具1脉，多少被疏柔毛，外1-3层卵形，长2.5-3.5毫米，宽1.5-2.2毫米，顶端短尖，中层狭长圆形，长9-13毫米，宽2-2.5毫米，顶端渐尖，最内层披针形，长约14毫米，顶端长渐尖，边缘薄，膜质，基部楔状渐狭；花托较宽，直径约1.3毫米，无毛。花淡红色，全部两性；花冠长16-18毫米，花冠管向上略增大，长约7.5毫米，于管口上方约2毫米处5深裂，裂片偏于1侧，长圆形，长6.5-8毫米，宽约1毫米，顶部卷曲；花药外露，长约8毫米，顶端圆，基部的尾挺直，长2-2.5毫米；花柱分枝略伸出于药筒之外，头状，内侧略扁，长约0.2毫米。瘦果近纺锤形，无明显纵棱，长约5毫米，密被白色长柔毛。冠毛黄白色，羽毛状，长约9毫米，基部联合。花期9月到翌年1月。
Perennial herb. The rhizome is cylindrical, straight or curved, 3-6 mm in diameter (rarely up to 1 cm), densely covered with villous hairs at the neck; roots fleshy, stout, and clustered. Stem erect, single, unbranched, scape-like, 20-60 mm tall, 1.5-2.5 mm in diameter at base, sparsely villous. Basal leaves dense, rosette-like, highly variable in size, nearly leathery, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 2-6 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, short-acuminate tip, rounded or truncate base, sometimes slightly decurrent along petiole, often unequal on both sides, margins with callose teeth, upper surface covered with warty-based rough hairs (many shed during flowering, leaving only rough warts), lower surface covered with appressed long soft hairs, denser on veins. Midvein prominently raised beneath; lateral veins 4-5 pairs, very fine, arching upward, few branched but not forming reticulate network. Petiole 2-7.5 cm long, wingless, hairy, base noticeably enlarged. Stem leaves similar to basal ones, fewer and smaller (8-20 mm long, 3-7 mm wide), hairy, lower ones with 3-5 mm petiole, upper ones sessile. Capitula with 3 flowers, reaching 22 mm in bloom, usually 3-6 densely clustered on one side of upper stem or short branches, spreading or drooping, forming interrupted spikes. Involucre cylindrical, ~6 mm in diameter. Bracts 5-6 layers, edges and tips purplish-red, midrib on back, sparsely hairy; outer 1-3 layers ovate (2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2.2 mm), short-acuminate; middle layers narrowly oblong (9-13 × 2-2.5 mm), gradually acuminate; innermost layer lanceolate (~14 mm long), long-acuminate, thin, membranous, wedge-shaped at base. Receptacle broad (~1.3 mm diameter), glabrous. Flowers pale red, all bisexual; corolla 16-18 mm long, tube slightly widening upwards (~7.5 mm long), deeply 5-lobed about 2 mm above mouth, lobes oblong, 6.5-8 mm long, ~1 mm wide, curled at apex, biased to one side. Anthers exserted (~8 mm long), apex rounded, tail straight, 2-2.5 mm long. Style branches slightly protruding beyond anther tube, head-shaped, slightly flattened inward, ~0.2 mm long. Achene nearly spindle-shaped, ~5 mm long, no distinct ridges, densely covered with white long soft hairs. Pappus yellowish-white, feather-like, ~9 mm long, basally united. Flowering from September to January next year.

分布区域 Distribution Area

四川、云南。
Sichuan, Yunnan.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山坡草地、林边。
Grows on hillside grasslands and forest margins.