野黄麻，中药名。为椴树科植物甜麻CorchorusaestuansL.的全草。分布于长江以南各地。具有清热解暑，消肿解毒之功效。用于中暑发热，咽喉肿痛，痢疾，小儿疳积，麻疹，跌打损伤，疮疥疖肿。
Ye-huang-ma, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole herb of Corchorus aestuans L., a plant of the family Malvaceae, distributed in various regions south of the Yangtze River. It has the effects of clearing heat, relieving summer-heat, reducing swelling, and detoxification. It is used for heatstroke with fever, sore throat, dysentery, pediatric malnutrition, measles, bruises, and various types of swellings and sores.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解暑，消肿解毒。
Clearing heat, relieving summer heat, reducing swelling, and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

用于中暑发热，咽喉肿痛，痢疾，小儿疳积，麻疹，跌打损伤，疮疥疖肿。
Used for heatstroke with fever, sore throat, dysentery, pediatric malnutrition, measles, bruises, wounds, and abscesses.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g。外用：适量，捣敷，或水煎洗患处。
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g. External use: appropriate amount, apply as a poultice, or wash the affected area with a decoction.

注意事项 Precautions

孕妇禁服。
Pregnant women are prohibited from taking this medication.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、祛痰止咳作用。

1. Expectorant and cough-suppressing effects.

2、其他作用：防治肺纤维化。
2. Other effects include preventing and treating pulmonary fibrosis.

3、毒性：无毒。
3. Toxicity: non-toxic.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

《岭南采药录》：“治伤寒误下痢不止，煎水洗疥癞，麻痘。”
"Lingnan Materia Medica": "If dysentery persists after mistakenly treating a cold, decoct water to wash scabies and leprosy, and treat smallpox and measles."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、解暑热：甜麻嫩叶适量，作菜汤食。

1. Relieve summer heat: Take a suitable amount of fresh sweet ma leaves, cook them in soup, and consume.

2、治疮毒：甜麻嫩叶适量，和黄酒捣烂敷患处。（1-2方出自《广州植物志》）
2. Treat ulcers and toxins: Take a suitable amount of fresh sweet ma leaves, mash them with yellow wine, and apply the paste to the affected area. (Formulas 1–2 are from "Guangzhou Plant Records")

3、治流行性感冒，小儿肚痛，胃气痛：野麻黄30g。水煎服。（《广西民族药简编》）
3. Treat influenza, children's abdominal pain, and stomach discomfort: Use 30g of wild ephedra. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Guangxi Ethnic Medicine Compilation")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：9-10月选晴天挖取全株，洗去泥土，切段，晒干。
Harvest and process: In September and October, select sunny days to dig up the whole plant, wash away the soil, cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：全草绿黄色，皱缩，茎圆柱形，直径3-6mm；表面棕褐色，微被淡黄色柔毛；质韧，难折断，皮薄而强纤维性，叶皱缩，完整叶片近卵形，长2-5cm，宽1-3cm，边缘有锯齿，基部一对锯齿往往延伸成尾状的小裂片；表面绿黄色，有疏长毛，基出脉3条；易脱落。蒴果长筒形，长约2.5cm，有3-10棱，其中3-4棱有狭翅；表面棕褐色，易开裂，种子多数，气微，味淡。以完整、叶果多、色绿者为佳。
The characteristics of the medicinal material: The whole herb is green-yellow, wrinkled, with a cylindrical stem 3–6 mm in diameter; the surface is brownish, sparsely covered with light yellow soft hairs; tough in texture, difficult to break, thin and strongly fibrous skin; wrinkled leaves, nearly ovate complete leaf blades 2–5 cm long and 1–3 cm wide, serrated edges, a pair of serrations at the base often extending into tail-like small lobes; surface green-yellow, sparsely hairy, with 3 main veins; easily shed. The capsule is long and tubular, about 2.5 cm long, with 3–10 ridges, of which 3–4 have narrow wings; surface brownish, prone to cracking, numerous seeds, slight odor, mild taste. Best quality when intact, with abundant leaves and fruits, and green in color.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：椴树科植物甜麻。
Plant species: Abutilon theophrasti Medic., belonging to the Malvaceae family (formerly classified under Tiliaceae).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高约1米，茎红褐色，稍被淡黄色柔毛；枝细长，披散。叶卵形或阔卵形，长4.5-6.5厘米，宽3-4厘米，顶端短渐尖或急尖，基部圆形，两面均有稀疏的长粗毛，边缘有锯齿，近基部一对锯齿往往延伸成尾状的小裂片，基出脉5-7条；叶柄长0.9-1.6厘米，被淡黄色的长粗毛。花单独或数朵组成聚伞花序生于叶腋或腋外，花序柄或花柄均极短或近于无；萼片5片，狭窄长圆形，长约5毫米，上部半凹陷如舟状，顶端具角，外面紫红色；花瓣5片，与萼片近等长，倒卵形，黄色；雄蕊多数，长约3毫米，黄色；子房长圆柱形，被柔毛，花柱圆棒状，柱头如喙，5齿裂。蒴果长筒形，长约2.5厘米，直径约5毫米，具6条纵棱，其中3-4棱呈翅状突起，顶端有3-4条向外延伸的角，角二叉，成熟时3-4瓣裂，果瓣有浅横隔；种子多数。花期夏季。
It is an annual herb, about 1 meter tall, with reddish-brown stems slightly covered with light yellow soft hairs; branches slender and spreading. Leaves are ovate or broadly ovate, 4.5–6.5 cm long, 3–4 cm wide, with short acuminate or acute tips, rounded bases, sparsely covered with long coarse hairs on both sides, serrated edges, and a pair of serrations near the base often extending into tail-like small lobes, with 5–7 primary veins; petioles 0.9–1.6 cm long, covered with light yellow long coarse hairs. Flowers solitary or in clusters of several, arranged in cymes in leaf axils or extra-axillary positions, with very short or nearly absent peduncles or pedicels; sepals 5, narrow oblong, about 5 mm long, upper part slightly concave like a boat, with angular tips, purple-red externally; petals 5, nearly as long as sepals, inverted ovate, yellow; numerous stamens, about 3 mm long, yellow; ovary elongated cylindrical, hairy, style cylindrical, stigma beak-like, 5-toothed. Capsule elongated tubular, about 2.5 cm long, about 5 mm in diameter, with 6 longitudinal ridges, 3–4 of which are wing-like protrusions, with 3–4 outwardly extending angular tips, bifurcated, splitting into 3–4 valves when mature, fruit valves with shallow transverse partitions; numerous seeds. Flowering period is in summer.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于长江以南各地。
Distributed throughout regions south of the Yangtze River.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于荒地、旷野、村旁、路边、田边。
Grows in wastelands, wilderness, beside villages, roadsides, and fields.