玉龙鞭，中药名。为马鞭草科植物假马鞭Stachytarphetajamaicensis（L.）Vahl的全草及根。具有清热利湿，解毒消肿的功效。主治热淋，石淋，白浊，白带，风湿骨痛，急性结膜炎，咽喉炎，牙龈炎，胆囊炎，痈疖，痔疮，跌打肿痛。
Yu-long-bian, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole plant and root of the false horsewhip plant Stachytarphetajamaicensis (L.) Vahl, is a herb of the family Acanthaceae. It has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxification, and reducing swelling. It is mainly used for treating hot stranguria, urinary calculi, leukorrhea, gonorrhea, rheumatic arthralgia, acute conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, gingivitis, cholecystitis, carbuncle, hemorrhoids, and traumatic swelling and pain.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热利湿，解毒消肿。
Clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxifying, and reducing swelling.

主治 Indications

热淋，石淋，白浊，白带，风湿骨痛，急性结膜炎，咽喉炎，牙龈炎，胆囊炎，痈疖，痔疮，跌打肿痛。
Recurrent urinary tract infection, urinary calculi, leukorrhea, vaginal discharge, rheumatic pain, acute conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, gingivitis, cholecystitis, furuncle, hemorrhoids, and traumatic swelling and pain.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g，鲜品加倍。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g, double the amount for fresh herbs. External use: Appropriate amount, mashed for poultice.

化学成分 Chemical Components

1、全草含正-二十九烷，正-三十烷，正-三十一烷，正-三十二烷，正-三十三烷，正-三十四烷，正-三十五烷等高级烷烃，α-菠菜甾醇，饱和脂肪酮，饱和脂肪羧酸和不饱和羟基羧酸。

1. The whole plant contains high-level alkanes such as nonacosane, triacontane, hentriacontane, dotriacontane, tritriacontane, tetratriacontane, pentatriacontane, as well as α-spinasterol, saturated fatty ketones, saturated fatty acids, and unsaturated hydroxy carboxylic acids.

2、叶含胆碱，环烯醚萜，酚酸，绿原酸，儿茶鞣质及6-羟基木犀草醇-7-葡萄糖醛酸甙和木犀草醇-7-葡萄糖醛酸甙等黄酮类化合物。
2. The leaves contain choline, cycloartenol, phenolic acids, chlorogenic acid, ellagitannins, as well as flavonoids such as 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-glucuronide and luteolin-7-glucuronide.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

茎叶煎剂对离体豚鼠回肠有显著的兴奋作用，水提取物（加乙醇除去沉淀）作用稍弱，两种制剂对离体兔十二指肠、大鼠子宫均无明显作用。水提取物对离体兔心有较弱的兴奋作用，对大鼠后肢灌流有显著的血管扩张作用。麻醉狗静脉注射上述两种制剂各0.1g（生药）/kg，对血压无明显影响。小鼠腹腔注射上述两种制剂0.1g（生药）/只，24h内死亡。
Stem and leaf decoction has a significant excitatory effect on the isolated guinea pig ileum, while the water extract (with ethanol precipitation removed) has a slightly weaker effect. Both preparations have no significant effect on the isolated rabbit duodenum and rat uterus. The water extract has a weak excitatory effect on the isolated rabbit heart and a significant vasodilation effect on the perfused hind limbs of rats. Intravenous injection of the above two preparations at 0.1g (crude drug)/kg in anesthetized dogs had no significant effect on blood pressure. Intraperitoneal injection of the above two preparations at 0.1g (crude drug)/mouse resulted in death within 24 hours.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《广西民间常用草药手册》：“治眼热痛，跌打肿痛，大疮肿痛。”

1. "Guangxi Folk Herbal Manual": "Used for treating eye heat and pain, bruises and swelling, and large sores with swelling and pain."

2、广州部队《常用中草药手册》：“清热解毒，利水通淋。治尿路结石，尿路感染，风湿筋骨痛，喉炎，急性结膜炎，痈疖肿痛。”
2. "Common Chinese Herbal Manual of Guangzhou Troops": "Clears heat and detoxifies, promotes diuresis to relieve stranguria. Used for treating urinary stones, urinary tract infections, rheumatic joint pain, pharyngitis, acute conjunctivitis, boils with swelling and pain."

3、《福建药物志》：“清热除湿，消肿解毒。主治胆囊炎，高血压，糖尿病，咽喉炎，风火牙痛，甲沟炎，结合膜炎，跌打肿痛，疔，疖，痔疮发炎，乳腺炎，无名肿毒，银环蛇咬伤。”
3. "Fujian Materia Medica": "Clears heat and dampness, reduces swelling and detoxifies. Mainly used for treating cholecystitis, hypertension, diabetes, pharyngitis, toothache due to fire and wind, paronychia, conjunctivitis, bruises and swelling from falls, carbuncles, furuncles, inflamed hemorrhoids, mastitis, unidentified swellings and toxins, and silver ring snake bites."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治尿路结石，尿路感染：（玉郎鞭）全草15-30g。水煎服。

1. For treating urinary stones and urinary tract infections: 15-30g of the whole plant of Yulangbian, decocted in water and taken orally.

2、治白带：（玉郎鞭）鲜根30-60g。水煎服。（1-2方出自《广西本草选编》）
2. For treating leukorrhea: 30-60g of fresh roots of Yulangbian, decocted in water and taken orally. (The first two prescriptions are from "Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica")

3、治眼热红肿：玉龙鞭叶、假芥蓝各30g，玉带藤15g，正冰片少许。共捣烂，敷患处。（《广西民间常用草药手册》）
3. For treating red and swollen eyes due to heat: 30g each of Yulongbian leaves and false pakchoi, 15g of Yudaiteng, and a small amount of borneol. Crush them together, apply to the affected area. (From "Folk Herbal Medicine Handbook of Guangxi")

4、治喉炎：玉龙鞭鲜品捣烂加糖含服。（广州部队《常用中草药手册》）
4. For treating pharyngitis: Fresh Yulongbian crushed and mixed with sugar for oral administration. (From "Common Chinese Herbal Medicine Handbook of Guangzhou Troops")

5、治大疮肿痛：玉龙鞭90g，土牛膝、雾水葛各60g。共捣烂，敷患处。已溃破流脓者，加红糖少许调敷。
5. For treating large ulcers that are swollen and painful: 90g of Yulongbian, 60g each of Tu Niuxi and Wushuige. Crush them together, apply to the affected area. For ulcers that have burst and are discharging pus, add a little red sugar to the mixture.

6、治跌打肿痛：玉龙鞭、白花草、石仙桃各适量。共捣烂敷患处。（5-6方出自《广西民间常用草药手册》）
6. For treating bruises and swelling from falls or blows: Suitable amounts of Yulongbian, white flower grass, and stonecrop. Crush them together and apply to the affected area. (The last two prescriptions are from "Folk Herbal Medicine Handbook of Guangxi")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年均可采鲜用，或全草切段，根切片晒干。
The herb can be harvested fresh all year round, or the whole plant can be cut into sections and the roots sliced and dried in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：全草长50-100（-200）cm。根粗，灰白色。茎圆柱形，稍扁，基部木质化，表面淡棕色至棕褐色，有细密纵沟纹。叶对生，皱缩，易破碎，完整者展平后呈椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长2-8cm，宽3-4cm，先端短尖或稍钝，基部楔形，边缘齿状，暗绿色或暗褐色；叶柄长约2cm。茎端每有穗状花序，长4-20cm，似鞭状，小花脱落后留有坑形凹穴。气微，味甘、苦。以叶多、完整、带鞭状花序者为佳。
The whole plant grows 50-100 (-200) cm tall. The roots are thick and gray-white. The stem is cylindrical, slightly flattened, with a woody base, and the surface is light brown to brown with fine longitudinal grooves. The leaves are opposite, wrinkled, fragile, and when intact, they are elliptical or ovate-elliptical after being flattened, 2-8 cm long and 3-4 cm wide, with a short pointed or slightly blunt tip, a wedge-shaped base, serrated edges, and dark green or dark brown color; the leaf stalk is about 2 cm long. At the top of the stem, there is a spike-like inflorescence, 4-20 cm long, resembling a whip, with pit-like cavities left after the small flowers fall off. It has a mild aroma, and tastes sweet and bitter. Leaves that are abundant, intact, and with whip-like inflorescences are preferred.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：马鞭草科假马鞭属假马鞭。
The false unicorn belongs to the genus Stachytarpheta in the Verbenaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生粗壮草本或亚灌木，植株高0.6-2m。茎、枝近四棱形。单叶对生；叶柄翅状，长1-3cm；叶片厚纸质，椭圆形至卵状椭圆形，长4-6cm，宽2-3cm，基部楔形，边缘具粗锯齿，先端短锐尖，两面均散生短毛，侧脉3-5对。穗状花序顶生，长11-29cm，花单生于苞腋内，一半嵌生于花序轴的凹穴中，呈螺旋状着生；苞片边缘膜质，具纤毛，先端呈芒尖；花萼膜质，管状，长约6mm；花冠深蓝紫色，管微弯，长0.7-1.2cm，内面上部有毛，先端5裂，裂片外展；雄蕊2，花丝短。果内藏于膜质的花萼内，成熟时裂成2分果。花期6-8月，果期10-12月。
Perennial robust herbaceous or sub-shrub, with a plant height of 0.6-2m. Stems and branches are nearly four-angled. Leaves are opposite; petioles are winged, 1-3cm long; leaf blades are thick and papery, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 4-6cm long, 2-3cm wide, cuneate at the base, with coarse serrations on the margins, shortly acute at the apex, sparsely short-hairy on both sides, with 3-5 pairs of lateral veins. Spike-like inflorescences are terminal, 11-29cm long, with flowers solitary in the axils of bracts, half embedded in the cavities of the inflorescence axis, spirally arranged; bracts have membranous margins, with fibers, and awn-like tips at the apex; calyx is membranous, tubular, about 6mm long; corolla is deep blue-purple, slightly curved tube, 0.7-1.2cm long, with hairs on the upper part of the inner surface, 5-lobed at the apex, lobes spreading outwards; stamens 2, with short filaments. Fruits are enclosed within the membranous calyx, splitting into 2 parts when mature. Flowering period is from June to August, and fruiting period is from October to December.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于福建、广东、广西、云南。
Distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan.

道地产区 Authentic Production Areas

产于广东、广西、福建、云南等地。自产自销。
Originating from Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, and other regions. Self-produced and self-sold.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔300-580m的山谷阴湿处草丛中。
It grows in the damp grassy areas of valleys at an altitude of 300-580 meters.