猪鬃刚，中药名。为铁线蕨科植物白背铁线蕨AdiantumdavidiiFranch.的全草。分布于河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南等地。具有清热解毒，利水通淋之功效。用于痢疾，尿路感染，血淋，乳糜尿，睾丸炎，乳腺炎。
Zhu-zong-gang, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole plant of Adiantum davidii Franch., a plant of the family Pteridaceae. It is distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other places. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxification, promoting diuresis, and treating stranguria. It is used for dysentery, urinary tract infections, hematuria, chyluria, orchitis, and mastitis.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，利水通淋。
Clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting diuresis, and treating stranguria.

主治 Indications

用于痢疾，尿路感染，血淋，乳糜尿，睾丸炎，乳腺炎。
Used for dysentery, urinary tract infection, hematuria, chyluria, orchitis, and mastitis.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 9-15g.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《中国药用孢子植物》：“止痢，利尿，通乳。用于细菌性痢疾，乳腺炎，尿路感染。”
"Chinese Medicinal Sporophyte Plants": "Used for treating diarrhea, promoting diuresis, and facilitating lactation. Effective for bacterial dysentery, mastitis, and urinary tract infections."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治痢疾：白背铁线蕨15g，铁线蕨15g，马齿苋15g，煎服。

1. Treatment for dysentery: 15g of Davallia mariesii, 15g of Davallia sinensis, and 15g of Alternanthera philoxeroides. Decoction for oral administration.

2、治乳腺炎、尿路感染：白背铁线蕨15g，海金沙藤30g。煎服。（1-2方出自《中国药用孢子植物》）
2. Treatment for mastitis and urinary tract infection: 15g of Davallia mariesii and 30g of Lygodium japonicum. Decoction for oral administration. (Prescriptions 1-2 are from "Chinese Medicinal Spore Plants")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采收，洗净，晒干。
Harvest in autumn, wash, and dry in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：根状茎细长圆柱形，上部具暗棕色卵状披针形鳞片，下部具多数淡棕色须状短根。叶远生，叶柄圆而细弱，有光亮，紫褐色或棕色；叶片三角状卵形，为三回羽状复叶，末回小羽片扇形，厚革质，下面粉绿色；叶脉扇形；各回羽片均具细柄，深栗色，光滑。孢子囊1枚，生末次小羽片顶部，圆肾形，棕色。气无，味微苦。以植株完整、叶色黄绿、背面被粉者为佳。
The rhizome is long and cylindrical, with dark brown ovate-lanceolate scales at the upper part and numerous light brown root-like short roots at the lower part. The leaves are distantly arranged, with round and slender leaf stalks that are shiny, purple-brown, or brown; the leaflets are triangular-ovate in shape, trifoliate compound leaves, with the terminal leaflet being fan-shaped, thick and leathery, and pale green on the underside; the veins are fan-shaped; each leaflet has a slender, dark chestnut-colored, smooth stalk. There is one sporangium, located at the top of the terminal leaflet, which is round and kidney-shaped, and brown. It has no odor and a slightly bitter taste. The plant is best when the plant is intact, the leaves are yellow-green, and the back is powdery.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：铁线蕨科铁线蕨属白背铁线蕨。
The white-backed Davallia (Davallia mariesii) belongs to the genus Davallia in the family Davalliaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

植株高20-30cm。根状茎细长，横走，被深褐色、有光泽的卵状披针形鳞片。叶远生；柄长10-20cm，粗1mm，深栗色，基部被与根状上相同的鳞片，向上光滑，有光泽；叶片三角状卵形，长10-15cm，基部宽6-10cm，渐尖头，三回羽状；羽片3-5对，互生，斜展，有柄（长1-4mm），基部一对最大，长5-7cm，宽3-4cm，长三角形，二回羽状；小羽片4-5对，互生，斜展，有短柄，相距6-14mm，向上渐变小，基部一对长1.5-2cm，宽1-1.4cm，椭圆形，圆钝头；末回小羽片1-4对，互生，相距4-8mm，彼此密接且略复叠，扇形，长宽各4-7mm，顶部圆形，具短阔三角形的匀密锯齿（其顶端具软骨质的短芒刺），两侧全缘，基部楔形，对称，具纤细的栗色短柄（长约1mm），顶生末回小羽片与其下的侧生小羽片同形；第二对羽片距基部一对1.5-4.5cm，向上各对均与基部一对羽片同形而渐变小。叶脉多回二歧分叉，直达锯齿尖端，两面均明显。叶干后坚草质，上面草绿色，下面灰绿色或灰白色，两面光滑；叶轴、各回羽轴和小羽柄均与叶柄同色，有光泽，光滑，但在着生处常有棕色多细胞的节状毛。孢子囊群每末回小羽片通常1枚，少有2枚，横生于小羽片顶部弯缺内；囊群盖肾形或圆肾形，上缘浅凹，褐色，纸质，全缘，宿存。孢子周壁具粗颗粒状的纹饰，处理后周壁破裂并脱落。
The plant is 20-30cm tall. The rhizome is slender and creeping, covered with dark brown, shiny, ovate-lanceolate scales. The leaves are distant; the petiole is 10-20cm long, 1mm thick, dark chestnut in color, with scales similar to those on the rhizome at the base, smooth and shiny upwards; the leaf blade is triangular-ovate, 10-15cm long, 6-10cm wide at the base, gradually pointed at the tip, tri-pinnate; leaflets in 3-5 pairs, alternate, spreading obliquely, with a stalk (1-4mm long), the largest pair at the base, 5-7cm long, 3-4cm wide, triangular in shape, bi-pinnate; secondary leaflets in 4-5 pairs, alternate, spreading obliquely, with short stalks, 6-14mm apart, gradually decreasing in size upwards, the largest pair at the base 1.5-2cm long, 1-1.4cm wide, elliptic, rounded at the tip; terminal leaflets in 1-4 pairs, alternate, 4-8mm apart, closely overlapping, fan-shaped, 4-7mm long and wide, rounded at the top, with short, broad triangular serrations (with a short cartilaginous spine at the tip), entire margins on both sides, cuneate at the base, symmetrical, with slender chestnut-colored short stalks (about 1mm long), the terminal leaflets are the same shape as the lateral leaflets below; the second pair of leaflets is 1.5-4.5cm from the base, gradually decreasing in size and the same shape as the base pair. The veins of the leaves are dichotomously branched multiple times, reaching the serrated tip directly, and are prominent on both sides. The leaves become tough and herbaceous when dry, green on top and grey-green or grey-white underneath, smooth on both sides; the leaf axis, each pinnule axis, and the stalk of each pinnule are the same color as the petiole, shiny, and smooth, but often have brown multicellular nodular hairs at the attachment points. Each terminal leaflet usually bears one sporangium cluster, rarely two, borne horizontally within the concave bend at the top of the leaflet; the sporangium cover is kidney-shaped or circular-kidney-shaped, shallowly concave on the upper edge, brown, papery, entire margin, persistent. The sporangial wall has coarse granular ornamentation, and after treatment, the sporangial wall ruptures and falls off.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南等地。
Distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1000-1400m的林下溪边或干燥环境。
Born in the understory by streams at an altitude of 1000-1400 meters or in dry environments.