猪屎豆，中药名。为豆科植物猪屎豆CrotalariapallidaAit.的全草。分布于山东、浙江、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、广西、四川、云南等地。具有清热利湿，解毒散结之功效。用于痢疾，湿热腹泻，小便淋沥，小儿疳积，乳腺炎。
The herb "猪, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. (Zhu-shi-dou)" refers to the whole plant of the leguminous plant Crotalaria pallida Ait. It is distributed in Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other places. It has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxification, and dispersing lumps. It is used for dysentery, damp-heat diarrhea, frequent urination, pediatric malnutrition, and mastitis.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热利湿，解毒散结。
Clearing heat, promoting dampness elimination, detoxifying, and dispersing masses.

主治 Indications

用于痢疾，湿热腹泻，小便淋沥，小儿疳积，乳腺炎。
Indications: dysentery, damp-heat diarrhea, dribbling urination, infantile malnutrition, and mastitis.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-12g。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 6-12g. External use: Appropriate amount, pounded for application.

注意事项 Precautions

孕妇慎服。
Pregnant women should use with caution.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1. 一般药理：具有降低血压的作用，还有肌肉松弛和解痉作用。光萼猪屎豆碱有阿托品样作用。
2. 毒性：猪屎豆种子及叶含大量生物碱，可通过皮肤吸收，主要对肝脏表现毒性。
3. General pharmacology: It has the effect of lowering blood pressure, as well as muscle relaxation and antispasmodic effects. Calycosinol has an atropine-like effect.
4. Toxicity: The seeds and leaves of Crotalaria contain a large amount of alkaloids, which can be absorbed through the skin, mainly exhibiting hepatotoxicity.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1. 《广西本草选编》：“清热祛湿。主治痢疾，湿热腹泻。”
2. 南药《中草药学》：“全草散结，清湿热。”
3. "Selected Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica": "Clears heat and removes dampness. Used to treat dysentery and damp-heat diarrhea."
4. "Chinese Herbal Medicine" (Southern Medicinal Herbs): "The whole plant disperses nodules and clears damp-heat."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治乳腺炎：（1）（猪屎豆）全草适量，和酒糟捣敷患处；并可取茎叶浓煎，于换药时熏洗患处。（2）（猪屎豆）全草30g，海金沙全草30g，珍珠菜15g。水煎服，红糖、米酒为引。（江西《草药手册》）
Treatment for mastitis: (1) Take an appropriate amount of the whole plant of Crotalaria, mix with fermented rice residue, pound and apply to the affected area; also, decoct the stems and leaves into a concentrated solution and use it to fumigate and wash the affected area during dressing changes. (2) Use 30g of the whole plant of Crotalaria, 30g of whole Lygodium japonicum, and 15g of Houttuynia cordata. Decoct in water and take orally, using brown sugar and rice wine as adjuvants. (From Jiangxi's "Herbal Manual")

附注 Additional Notes

猪屎豆种子及幼嫩叶有毒。
The seeds and young leaves of Crotalaria are toxic.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采收茎叶，打去荚果及种子，晒干或鲜用。
Harvesting and processing: In autumn, harvest the stems and leaves, remove the pods and seeds, then sun-dry or use fresh.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：豆科猪屎豆属猪屎豆。
Plant species: Crotalaria mucronata, belonging to the Fabaceae family, genus Crotalaria.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

猪屎豆又名椭圆叶猪屎豆、三圆叶猪屎豆。多年生草本，或呈灌木状；茎枝圆柱形，具小沟纹，密被紧贴的短柔毛。托叶极细小，刚毛状，通常早落；叶三出，柄长2-4cm；小叶长圆形或椭圆形，长3-6cm，宽1.5-3cm，先端钝圆或微凹，基部阔楔形，上面无毛，下面略被丝光质短柔毛，两面叶脉清晰；小叶柄长1-2mm。总状花序顶生，长达25cm，有花10-40朵；苞片线形，长约4mm；早落，小苞片形状与苞片相似，长约2mm，花时极细小，长不及1mm，生于萼筒中部或基部；花梗长3-5mm；花萼近钟形，长4-6mm，五裂，萼齿三角形，约与萼筒等长，密被短柔毛；花冠黄色，伸出萼外，旗瓣圆形或椭圆形，直径约10mm，基部具胼胝体二枚，翼瓣长圆形，长约8mm，下部边缘具柔毛，龙骨瓣最长，约12mm，弯曲，几达90度，具长喙，基部边缘具柔毛；子房无柄。荚果长圆形，长3-4cm，径5-8mm，幼时被毛，成熟后脱落，果瓣开裂后扭转；种子20-30颗。花果期9-12月。
The plant is also known as elliptical-leaved crotalaria or three-round-leaved crotalaria. It is a perennial herb or shrub-like; stems are cylindrical with fine grooves, densely covered with appressed short pubescence. Stipules are minute, bristle-like, usually caducous. Leaves trifoliolate, petiole 2–4 cm long; leaflets oblong or elliptical, 3–6 cm long, 1.5–3 cm wide, apex rounded or slightly emarginate, base broadly cuneate, upper surface glabrous, lower surface sparsely silky-pubescent, veins prominent on both surfaces; petiolules 1–2 mm long. Terminal racemes up to 25 cm long, bearing 10–40 flowers; bracts linear, ca. 4 mm long, early deciduous; bracteoles similar to bracts, ca. 2 mm long, very small at anthesis, less than 1 mm, inserted at middle or base of calyx tube; pedicels 3–5 mm long; calyx campanulate, 4–6 mm long, five-lobed, teeth triangular, subequaling tube, densely short-pubescent; corolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard orbicular or elliptical, ca. 10 mm in diameter, with two calluses at base; wings oblong, ca. 8 mm long, lower margin ciliate; keel the longest, ca. 12 mm, curved nearly 90 degrees, with a long beak, lower margin ciliate; ovary sessile. Pod oblong, 3–4 cm long, 5–8 mm in diameter, pubescent when young, glabrescent at maturity, twisting after dehiscence; seeds 20–30. Flowering and fruiting from September to December.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于山东、浙江、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、广西、四川、云南等地。
Distributed in Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

栽培或野生于山坡、路旁。
Cultivated or grows wild on hillsides and roadsides.