长春花，中药名。为夹竹桃科长春花属植物长春花Catharanthusroseus（L.）G.Don、黄长春花Catharanthusroseus（L.）G.Don.cv.Flavus的全草。植物长春花，我国华东、中南、西南有栽培。原产非洲东部；植物春长春花，产海南等地。具有解毒抗癌，清热平肝之功效。主治多种癌肿，高血压，痈肿疮毒，烫伤。
Chang-chun-hua, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don), also known as Vinca, is the whole plant of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don or its variety Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don cv. Flavus, a plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family. The plant is cultivated in East China, Central and South China, and Southwest China, and is originally from East Africa. Another variety, Catharanthus roseus, is produced in Hainan and other regions. It is known for its detoxification, anti-cancer, heat-clearing, and liver-calming effects, and is used to treat various cancers, hypertension, abscesses, sores, and burns.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

解毒抗癌，清热平肝。
Detoxification and anti-cancer, clearing heat and soothing the liver.

主治 Indications

多种癌肿，高血压，痈肿疮毒，烫伤。
Various types of cancer, hypertension, abscesses, sores, and burns.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，5-10g；或将提取物制成注射剂静脉注射。外用：适量，捣敷；或研末调敷。
Internal use: decoction, 5-10g; or extract made into injection for intravenous injection. External use: appropriate amount, apply as a poultice; or grind into powder for topical application.

注意事项 Precautions

长春花用于癌肿，多用其提取物静脉注射。但可引起白细胞减少，食欲减退，恶心呕吐，腹痛，便秘，肌肉酸痛，手指麻木，深肌腱反射消失，复视，脱发等毒副反应，故必须在医师指导下使用。此外，本品注射剂局部刺激可引起栓塞性静脉炎，注射时切勿使药液漏出血管外，以免发生局部组织坏死。
Changchun flower is used for cancerous tumors, often through intravenous injection of its extract. However, it can cause side effects such as decreased white blood cells, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, muscle soreness, numbness in the fingers, disappearance of deep tendon reflexes, diplopia, and hair loss. Therefore, it must be used under the guidance of a physician. In addition, local irritation from the injection of this product can cause thrombophlebitis. During injection, care must be taken to prevent the medication from leaking outside the blood vessel to avoid local tissue necrosis.

药理作用 Pharmacological Action

1、抗肿瘤作用。

1. Anti-tumor effect.

2、耐药性。
2. Drug resistance.

3、降血压与扩血管作用。
3. Hypotensive and vasodilatory effects.

4、降血糖和降血脂作用。
4. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、广州部队《常用中草药手册》：“镇静安神，平肝降压。治高血压。”

1. The "Handbook of Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicines" from the Guangzhou Military Region: "Calms the mind, soothes the liver, and lowers blood pressure. Used to treat hypertension."

2、《广西本草选编》：“清热解毒，抗癌。主治霍奇金病，绒毛膜上皮癌，儿童淋巴性白血病，恶性淋巴肿瘤。”
2. The "Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica": "Clears heat, detoxifies, and has anti-cancer properties. Mainly used to treat Hodgkin's disease, choriocarcinoma, childhood lymphoblastic leukemia, and malignant lymphoma."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治疗非何杰金淋巴瘤。

1. Treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

2、治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜。
2. Treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia.

3、治疗高血压。
3. Treatment of hypertension.

4、治疗流行性出血热。
4. Treatment of epidemic hemorrhagic fever.

相关配伍 Related Compatibility

1、治急性淋巴细胞白血病，长春花15g。水煎服。（《杭癌本草》）

1. To treat acute lymphocytic leukemia, use 15g of Catharanthus roseus. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Hang Ai Ben Cao")

2、治高血压，①长春花全草6-9g。煎服。（《广西本草选编》）②长春花6g，夏枯草、豨莶草、木蝴蝶各9g。水煎服。（《青岛中草药手册》）
2. For hypertension, ① use 6-9g of the whole Catharanthus roseus plant. Decoct and take orally. (From "Selected Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica") ② Use 6g of Catharanthus roseus, 9g each of Prunella vulgaris, Siegesbeckia orientalis, and Herpetospermum pedunculosum. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Qingdao Herbal Manual")

3、治疮疡肿毒，烧烫伤，长春花鲜叶适量，捣烂外敷。（《广西本草选编》）
3. For treating ulcers, abscesses, swelling, and burns, apply an appropriate amount of fresh Catharanthus roseus leaves externally after crushing. (From "Selected Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：当年9月下旬至10月上旬采收，选晴天收割地上部分，先切除植株茎部木质化硬茎，再切成长6cm的小段，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: In late September to early October of that year, the herb is harvested on sunny days by cutting the above-ground parts of the plant. First, the woody stems of the plant are removed, then cut into small sections about 6cm long, and dried in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Identification

药材性状：全草长30-50cm。主根圆锥形，略弯曲。茎枝绿色或红褐色，类圆柱形，有棱，折断面纤维性，髓部中空。叶对生，皱缩，展平后呈倒卵形或长圆形，长3-6cm，宽1.5-2.5cm，先端钝圆，具短尖，基部楔形，深绿色或绿褐色，羽状脉明显；叶柄甚短。枝端或叶腋有花，花冠高脚碟形，长约3cm，淡红色或紫红色。气微，味微甘、苦。以叶片多、带花者为佳。
Medicinal properties: The entire plant grows to 30-50cm in length. The main root is conical and slightly curved. The stems are green or reddish-brown, cylindrical with edges, fibrous when broken, and hollow in the pith. The leaves are opposite, wrinkled, and become inverted ovate or elongated after being flattened, 3-6cm long and 1.5-2.5cm wide, with blunt rounded tips, short points, wedge-shaped bases, deep green or greenish-brown, and prominent pinnate veins; leaf stalks are very short. Flowers can be found at the branch tips or leaf axils, with a high foot-shaped corolla, about 3cm long, pale red or purple-red. The plant has a mild aroma and a slightly sweet and bitter taste. Leaves with flowers are preferred.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：夹竹桃科长春花属植物长春花、黄长春花。
Plant species: Catharanthus roseus and Catharanthus roseus var. flavus, plants of the Apocynaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

1、长春花，半灌木或多年生草本，高达60厘米。茎近方形，有条纹；节间长1-3.5厘米。叶对生，膜质，倒卵状长圆形，长3-4厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，先端浑圆，有短尖头，基部广楔形渐狭而成叶柄。聚伞花序腋生或顶生，有花2-3朵，花5数；花萼披针形或钻状渐尖，长约3毫米；花冠红色，高脚碟状，花冠筒圆筒状，长约2.6厘米，喉部紧缩，花冠裂片宽倒卵形，长、宽约1.5cm；雄蕊着生于花冠筒上半部，但花药隐藏于花喉之内，与柱头离生；花盘为2片舌状腺体所组成，与心皮互生而较长，子房为2枚离生心皮组成，花柱丝状，柱头头状。蓇葖果2个，直立，平行或略叉开，长约2.5厘米，直径约3毫米，外果皮厚纸质。种子黑色，长圆筒形，两端截形，具有颗粒状小瘤凸起。花期、果期几乎全年。

1. Catharanthus roseus is a semi-shrub or perennial herb, reaching up to 60 centimeters in height. The stem is nearly square with stripes; internodes are 1-3.5 centimeters long. Leaves are opposite, membranous, inversely ovate-oblong, 3-4 centimeters long, 1.5-2.5 centimeters wide, with a rounded apex, short pointed tip, and a broadly wedge-shaped base that gradually narrows into a petiole. Umbel inflorescences are axillary or terminal, with 2-3 flowers, pentamerous; sepals lanceolate or acuminate, about 3 millimeters long; corolla red, discoid with a high foot, tubular corolla tube about 2.6 centimeters long, constricted at the throat, lobes of the corolla wide and inversely ovate, about 1.5 cm long and wide; stamens are attached to the upper half of the corolla tube, with anthers hidden inside the throat, separate from the stigma; the disc is composed of 2 tongue-shaped glands, alternate with the carpels and longer, ovary composed of 2 separate carpels, style filiform, stigma head-shaped. The follicles are 2, erect, parallel or slightly divergent, about 2.5 centimeters long, with a diameter of about 3 millimeters, and a thick papery outer pericarp. Seeds are black, oblong-cylindrical, truncate at both ends, with granular tubercles. Flowering and fruiting occur almost all year round.

2、黄长春花，别名金盏草《花镜》。形态同长春花，仅花黄色。
2. Catharanthus roseus var. flavus, also known as Golden Chalice Flower (from "Flower Mirror"). It has the same morphology as Catharanthus roseus, but with yellow flowers.

生长环境 Growing Environment

喜温暖和稍干燥的气候，能耐干旱，但怕涝和严寒。黄长春花，生于空旷地。
Prefers a warm and slightly dry climate, tolerant of drought but afraid of waterlogging and severe cold. Catharanthus roseus var. flavus grows in open areas.