长杆兰，中药名。为兰科竹叶兰属植物竹叶兰Arundinagraminifolia(D.Don)Hochr.的全草和根状茎。植物竹叶兰，分布于我国西南及浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、海南、广西、西藏等地。具有清热解毒，祛风利湿，散瘀止痛之功效。主治黄疸，热淋，水肿，脚气浮肿，疝气腹痛，风湿痹痛，毒蛇咬伤，疮痈肿毒，跌打损伤。
Zhang-gan-lan, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant and rhizome of Arundinaria graminifolia (D.Don) Hochr., a plant of the Orchidaceae family. The plant is distributed in southwestern China, as well as in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, and Tibet. It is known for its effects of clearing heat and detoxification, dispelling wind and dampness, and promoting blood circulation to relieve pain. It is used to treat jaundice, hot urinary dysfunction, edema, athlete's foot, hernia abdominal pain, rheumatic arthralgia, snake bites, carbuncles, bruises, and other injuries.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，祛风利湿，散瘀止痛。
Clearing heat and detoxifying, dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain.

主治 Indications

黄疸，热淋，水肿，脚气浮肿，疝气腹痛，风湿痹痛，毒蛇咬伤，疮痈肿毒，跌打损伤。
Jaundice, hot lin syndrome, edema, athlete's foot swelling, hernia abdominal pain, rheumatic arthralgia, snake bite, carbuncle swelling and toxicity, bruises and contusions.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g. External use: appropriate amount, fresh product mashed for application.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《福建药物志》：“清热利湿，解毒止痛。主治慢性肝炎，风湿关节痛，膀胱炎，毒蛇咬伤，跌打损伤。”
"Fujian Materia Medica": "Clears heat, eliminates dampness, detoxifies, and relieves pain. Used to treat chronic hepatitis, rheumatic joint pain, cystitis, snake bites, and bruises."

《香港中草药》：“清热解毒，利尿。主治黄疸，尿路感染，水肿，外用治痈疮肿毒。”
"Hong Kong Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Clears heat, detoxifies, and promotes diuresis. Used to treat jaundice, urinary tract infections, edema, and externally for treating abscesses and swelling."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治肺痨，（竹叶兰）全草9g，细叶十大功劳茎、叶9g，仙鹤草全草9g，乌肺叶30g。每日1剂，水煎，分2次服，连续服用。孕妇忌服。（《壮族民间用药选编》）
To treat pulmonary tuberculosis, use 9g of the whole plant of Bamboo Orchid, 9g of stems and leaves of Mahonia japonica, 9g of the whole plant of Agrimonia pilosa, and 30g of leaves of Eriobotrya japonica. Take one dose daily, decoct in water, divide into two servings, and take continuously. Pregnant women should avoid taking this. (From "Compilation of Traditional Zhuang Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年均可采，洗净，鲜用或切成片晒干。
Harvest and process: Can be harvested all year round, washed, used fresh, or sliced and dried.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：干燥全株，茎圆柱形，具节间，有纵细条纹，断面有髓或中空，节上常有叶鞘包裹，呈黄褐色或黄绿色。叶卷缩，平展的完整叶呈线状披针形，长10-18cm，叶脉平行，革质，稍韧，不易破碎，呈黄绿色。总状花序顶生。蒴果长椭圆形，长约5cm，开裂。气微，味苦。以干燥，黄绿色为佳。
Characteristics of medicinal material: The whole plant is dried, with a cylindrical stem, nodes, longitudinal fine stripes, and a medullary or hollow cross-section. The nodes are often wrapped in leaf sheaths, and are yellow-brown or yellow-green in color. The leaves are curled; complete flattened leaves are linear-lanceolate, 10-18cm long, with parallel veins, leathery, slightly tough, not easily broken, and yellow-green in color. The raceme is terminal. The capsule is long elliptical, about 5cm long, and cracks open. It has a slight odor and a bitter taste. Best when dry and yellow-green.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：兰科竹叶兰属植物竹叶兰。
Plant species: The bamboo orchid (Dendrobium nobile) belongs to the Orchidaceae family and the genus Anoectochilus.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

竹叶兰，别名竹兰（《广州植物志》），禾叶竹叶兰（《中国高等植物图鉴》）。陆生植物，高30-100厘米。根茎稍膨大，稍木质化。茎直立，圆柱形。叶互生，禾叶状，质坚韧；叶片线状披针形，长10-20厘米，宽8-15毫米，先端渐尖，基部呈鞘状抱茎，近基部具关节；叶脉在两面均凸起。总状花序顶生，长2.5-10厘米，具2-12朵花；花苞片鳞片状，长约5毫米，凹陷，先端渐尖或急尖；花大，直径约5厘米，粉红色；萼片长圆状披针形，长2.5-3.2厘米，宽约1厘米，分离，先端渐尖或急尖，中萼片稍宽；花瓣卵状长圆形，长约3.5厘米，宽1.5厘米，先端渐尖或急尖；唇瓣长约4厘米，先端3裂，中裂片较大，有缺刻，唇盘上具3-5条褶片，基部无距；合蕊柱细长，稍弓弯，两侧有狭翅；花粉块8，粘成2群，有花粉块柄。蒴果长约4厘米。花期9-10月，果期10-11月。
Bamboo orchid, also known as bamboo orchid (from "Flora of Guangzhou") and grass-leaved bamboo orchid (from "Illustrated Handbook of Chinese Higher Plants"), is a terrestrial plant growing 30-100 cm tall. The rhizome is slightly swollen and slightly woody. The stem is erect and cylindrical. Leaves are alternate, grass-like, tough; blade linear-lanceolate, 10–20 cm long, 8–15 mm wide, gradually acuminate at apex, sheathing at base with a joint near base; veins raised on both surfaces. Terminal raceme 2.5–10 cm long, bearing 2–12 flowers; bracts scale-like, ca. 5 mm long, concave, acute or acuminate. Flowers large, ca. 5 cm in diameter, pink; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 2.5–3.2 cm × ca. 1 cm, free, acuminate or acute, median sepal slightly broader; petals ovate-oblong, ca. 3.5 cm × 1.5 cm, acuminate or acute; labellum ca. 4 cm long, 3-lobed at apex, mid-lobe larger with notches, 3–5 ridges on disc, spurless; column slender, slightly curved, with narrow wings on sides; 8 pollinia, grouped in 2 masses, with stipes. Capsule ca. 4 cm long. Flowering September–October, fruiting October–November.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1700米的山坡林缘草丛中或茅草山、河边杂草丛中。
Found in grassy areas along forest edges on mountain slopes at an altitude of 1700 meters, or in thatched grasslands and among weeds by riversides.