油柑根，中药名。为大戟科植物余甘子PhyllanthusemblicaLinn.的根。分布于福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州、云南等地。具有清热利湿，解毒散结之功效。常用于泄泻，痢疾，黄疸，瘰疬，皮肤湿疹，蜈蚣咬伤。
You-gan-gen, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the root of the plant Phyllanthus emblica Linn., a member of the Euphorbiaceae family, distributed in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions. It has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxification, and dispersing lumps. It is commonly used for diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, scrofula, eczema, and centipede bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热利湿，解毒散结。
Clearing heat, promoting dampness elimination, detoxifying, and dispersing masses.

主治 Indications

泄泻，痢疾，黄疸，瘰疬，皮肤湿疹，蜈蚣咬伤。
Diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, scrofula, eczema, and centipede bite.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g。外用：适量，捣敷；或煎水洗。
Internal use: Decoction, 15–30g. External use: appropriate amount, crush and apply as a poultice; or decoct for washing.

注意事项 Precautions

孕妇忌服。
Pregnant women should avoid taking it.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

收敛消炎。
Astringent and anti-inflammatory.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1. 《岭南采药录》：“清热解毒。”
2. 《广西本草选编》：“解郁定痛，清湿热。”
3. Record of Herbal Medicine Collection in Lingnan: "Clears heat and detoxifies."
4. Selected Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica: "Relieves depression, alleviates pain, clears dampness and heat."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1. 治黄疸型肝炎：用（余甘子）根、皮15g，田螺3个。水煎点酒引，内服。（《云南中草药》）
2. 治淋巴结核：（余甘子）根30-60g，猪瘦肉30-60g。水煎服。（《福建药物志》）
3. Treatment for jaundice-type hepatitis: Use 15g of root and bark of Phyllanthus emblica, and 3 freshwater snails. Decoct in water with a small amount of wine as a guide, and take orally. (Yunnan Chinese Herbal Medicine)
4. Treatment for lymph node tuberculosis: Use 30–60g of Phyllanthus emblica root and 30–60g of lean pork. Decoct in water and take orally. (Fujian Pharmacopoeia)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年均可采收，洗净，晒干或鲜用。
Harvesting and processing: Can be harvested all year round, washed, then dried or used fresh.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：大戟科植物余甘子。
Botanical species: Phyllanthus emblica, a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

乔木，高达23米，胸径50厘米；树皮浅褐色；枝条具纵细条纹，被黄褐色短柔毛。叶片纸质至革质，二列，线状长圆形，长8-20毫米，宽2-6毫米，顶端截平或钝圆，有锐尖头或微凹，基部浅心形而稍偏斜，上面绿色，下面浅绿色，干后带红色或淡褐色，边缘略背卷；侧脉每边4-7条；叶柄长0.3-0.7毫米；托叶三角形，长0.8-1.5毫米，褐红色，边缘有睫毛。多朵雄花和1朵雌花或全为雄花组成腋生的聚伞花序；萼片6；雄花：花梗长1-2.5毫米；萼片膜质，黄色，长倒卵形或匙形，近相等，长1.2-2.5毫米，宽0.5-1毫米，顶端钝或圆，边缘全缘或有浅齿；雄蕊3，花丝合生成长0.3-0.7毫米的柱，花药直立，长圆形，长0.5-0.9毫米，顶端具短尖头，药室平行，纵裂；花粉近球形，直径17.5-19微米，具4-6孔沟，内孔多长椭圆形；花盘腺体6，近三角形；雌花：花梗长约0.5毫米；萼片长圆形或匙形，长1.6-2.5毫米，宽0.7-1.3毫米，顶端钝或圆，较厚，边缘膜质，多少具浅齿；花盘杯状，包藏子房达一半以上，边缘撕裂；子房卵圆形，长约1.5毫米，3室，花柱3，长2.5-4毫米，基部合生，顶端2裂，裂片顶端再2裂。蒴果呈核果状，圆球形，直径1-1.3厘米，外果皮肉质，绿白色或淡黄白色，内果皮硬壳质；种子略带红色，长5-6毫米，宽2-3毫米。花期4-6月，果期7-9月。
Tree up to 23 meters tall with a breast height diameter of 50 cm; bark light brown; branches have longitudinal fine stripes and are covered with yellowish-brown short hairs. Leaves are papery to leathery, arranged in two rows, linear-oblong, 8–20 mm long and 2–6 mm wide, apex truncate or bluntly rounded, sometimes acute or slightly concave, base shallowly cordate and slightly oblique, green above, pale green below, turning reddish or light brown when dry, margins slightly revolute. Lateral veins 4–7 per side; petiole 0.3–0.7 mm long; stipules triangular, 0.8–1.5 mm long, reddish-brown, ciliate margins. Male flowers (several) and one female flower, or all male flowers, form axillary cymose inflorescences; sepals 6. Male flowers: pedicel 1–2.5 mm long; sepals membranous, yellow, obovate or spoon-shaped, nearly equal, 1.2–2.5 mm long, 0.5–1 mm wide, apex obtuse or rounded, margin entire or shallowly toothed; stamens 3, filaments fused into a column 0.3–0.7 mm long; anthers erect, oblong, 0.5–0.9 mm long, apically tipped with short points, locules parallel, longitudinally dehiscent; pollen nearly spherical, 17.5–19 μm in diameter, with 4–6 furrows, inner pores mostly elongated elliptical; 6 disc glands, nearly triangular. Female flowers: pedicel about 0.5 mm long; sepals oblong or spoon-shaped, 1.6–2.5 mm long, 0.7–1.3 mm wide, apex obtuse or rounded, thicker, membranous margin, somewhat toothed; disc cup-shaped, enclosing more than half of ovary, margin lacerate; ovary ovoid, ~1.5 mm long, 3-celled; styles 3, 2.5–4 mm long, basally united, apically 2-lobed, each lobe further 2-cleft. Capsule berry-like, spherical, 1–1.3 cm in diameter, outer pericarp fleshy, green-white or pale yellow-white, inner pericarp hard and shell-like; seeds slightly reddish, 5–6 mm long, 2–3 mm wide. Flowering from April to June, fruiting from July to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州、云南等地。
Distributed in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔300-1200m的疏林下或山坡向阳处。
Grows under sparse forests or on sunny slopes at altitudes of 300–1200 meters.