野马蹄草，中药名。为莎草科植物萤蔺ScirpusjuncoidesRoxb.的全草。除内蒙古、甘肃、西藏未见外，分布几遍全国。具有清热凉血，解毒利湿，消积开胃之功效。用于麻疹热毒，肺痨咳血，牙痛，目赤，热淋，白浊，食积停滞。
Ye-ma-ti-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole plant of Scirpus juncoides Roxb. of the Cyperaceae family. It is distributed throughout the country except for Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Tibet. It has the functions of clearing heat and cooling blood, detoxifying and diuresis, resolving masses, and stimulating the appetite. It is used for treating measles with heat toxins, pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, toothache, red eyes, hot urinary dribble, leukorrhea, and food stagnation.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热凉血，解毒利湿，消积开胃。
Clearing heat, cooling blood, detoxifying, promoting diuresis, and resolving stagnation to improve appetite.

主治 Indications

用于麻疹热毒，肺痨咳血，牙痛，目赤，热淋，白浊，食积停滞。
Used for treating measles with heat toxins, pulmonary tuberculosis with coughing up blood, toothache, red eyes, hot lin syndrome, leukorrhea, and food stagnation.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，60-120g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 60-120g.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《广西本草选编》：“清热利水，凉血解毒。主治麻疹热毒，肺结核咯血，急性结膜炎，尿路感染。”
"Selected Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica": "Clears heat, promotes diuresis, cools blood, and detoxifies. Mainly used for treating measles with heat toxins, pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, acute conjunctivitis, and urinary tract infections."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1. 治麻疹热毒：野马蹄草120g，冰糖60g。煎汤当茶饮。
   To treat measles with heat toxins: 120g of wild horsehoof herb and 60g of rock sugar. Decoct and drink as tea.

2. 治肺痨咳血：野马蹄草60g，冰糖30g。煎汤服。
   To treat pulmonary tuberculosis with coughing up blood: 60g of wild horsehoof herb and 30g of rock sugar. Decoct and take orally.

3. 治火盛牙痛：野马蹄草60g，拦路蛇30g。煎汤饮并含漱。（1-3方出自《广西中草药》）
   To alleviate toothache caused by excessive internal heat: 60g of wild horsehoof herb and 30g of road-blocking snake. Decoct, drink, and use for gargling. (The above prescriptions are from "Guangxi Chinese Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，洗净，晒干。
Harvest in summer and autumn, wash and clean the herbs, then dry them in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：莎草科植物萤蔺。
The plant belongs to the Cyperaceae family—Eleocharis congesta D. Don.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

萤蔺又名：直立席草。丛生，根状茎短，具许多须根。秆稍坚挺，圆柱状，少数近于有稜角，平滑，基部具2-3个鞘；鞘的开口处为斜截形，顶端急尖或圆形，边缘为干膜质，无叶片。苞片1枚，为秆的延长，直立，长3-15厘米；小穗（2-）3-5（-7）个聚成头状，假侧生，卵形或长圆状卵形，长8-17毫米，宽3.5-4毫米，棕色或淡棕色，具多数花；鳞片宽卵形或卵形，顶端骤缩成短尖，近于纸质，长3.5-4毫米，背面绿色，具1条中肋，两侧棕色或具深棕色条纹；下位刚毛5-6条，长等于或短于小坚果，有倒刺；雄蕊3，花药长圆形，药隔突出；花柱中等长，柱头2，极少3个。小坚果宽倒卵形，或倒卵形，平凸状，长约2毫米或更长些，稍皱缩，但无明显的横皱纹，成熟时黑褐色，具光泽。花果期8-11月。
Yinglin, also known as "Zhili Xicao", is a perennial herb. It grows in clusters with short rhizomes and many fibrous roots. The stems are slightly stiff, cylindrical, sometimes nearly angular, smooth, with 2–3 sheaths at the base; the sheath opening is obliquely truncate, with an acute or rounded apex, and membranous edges; no leaves present. One bract, an extension of the stem, upright, 3–15 cm long. Spikelets (2–)3–5(–7) clustered into a head-like formation, pseudo-lateral, ovate or oblong-ovate, 8–17 mm long, 3.5–4 mm wide, brown or light brown, with numerous flowers. Scales are broadly ovate or ovate, abruptly narrowed to a short tip, nearly papery, 3.5–4 mm long, green on the back with a midvein, brown or with dark brown stripes on both sides. Lower perianth bristles 5–6, equal to or shorter than the achene, with retrorse barbs. Stamens 3, anthers oblong, connective prominent. Style medium length, stigmas 2, rarely 3. Achene broadly obovate or obovate, flatly convex, about 2 mm or longer, slightly wrinkled but without distinct transverse wrinkles, shiny, blackish-brown when mature. Flowering and fruiting from August to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

除内蒙古、甘肃、西藏未见外，分布几遍全国。
Except for Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Tibet, it is distributed throughout the country.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于路旁、田边、塘边、溪边、沼泽地或荒地潮湿处。
Born in damp places such as roadsides, field edges, pond edges, stream banks, marshes, or wastelands.