净土荆芥:净制土荆芥
Jing-tu-jing-jie: Tu-jing-jie processed by cleaning.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿，杀虫止痒，活血消肿。
Dispelling wind and dampness, killing parasites and relieving itching, promoting blood circulation and reducing swelling.

主治 Indications

钩虫病，蛔虫病，蛲虫病，头虱，皮肤湿疹，疥癣，风湿痹痛，经闭，痛经，口舌生疮，咽喉肿痛，跌打损伤，蛇虫咬伤。
Hookworm disease, roundworm disease, pinworm disease, head lice, eczema, scabies, rheumatic pain, menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, oral ulcers, sore throat, bruises, snake and insect bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3～9g，鲜品15～24g，或入丸、散；或提取土荆芥油，成人常用量0.8～1.2ml，极量1.5ml，儿童每岁0.05ml。外用：煎水洗或捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 3–9g dried herb, 15–24g fresh herb, or in pill or powder form; or extract of Chenopodium oil, usual adult dose 0.8–1.2ml, maximum dose 1.5ml, children 0.05ml per year of age. External use: decoction for washing or poultice.

注意事项 Precautions

1. 不宜多服、久服、空腹服，服前不宜用泻药。

2. It is not advisable to take excessive doses, take for a long time, or take on an empty stomach. Laxatives should not be taken before administration.

3. 孕妇及有肾、心、肝功能不良或消化道溃疡者禁服。

4. Pregnant women, individuals with impaired kidney, heart, or liver function, or those with digestive tract ulcers should not take this medication.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1. 驱肠虫作用。

2. Expelling intestinal parasites.

3. 抗菌作用。

4. Antibacterial effect.

5. 抗疟原虫作用。

6. Antimalarial parasite effect.

相关论述 Related Discussions

1. 《生草药性备要》：“祛风止痛，宜煎水洗，小儿麻痘脱靥后洗之，胜过蚬水。”

2. Essentials of Herbal Properties: "Dispelling wind and relieving pain, it is suitable for decoction and washing with water. Washing with it after children recover from chickenpox is better than using clam water."

3. 《岭南采药录》：“能除风热，杀虫，健胃，止痛。煎水洗皮肤疥癞。”

4. Record of Herbal Collection in Lingnan: "It can dispel wind-heat, kill parasites, invigorate the stomach, and relieve pain. Decoct and wash the skin with it for scabies."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1. 治钩虫、蛔虫病，土荆芥嫩枝叶、果实阴干，研末为丸，成人每日服5g，分早晚2次，连服3～6d。或用鲜土荆芥取自然汁服，疗效更佳。（江西《草药手册》）

2. To treat hookworm and roundworm diseases, dry the tender branches, leaves, and fruits of Herba Chenopodii in shade, grind into powder and make into pills. Adults take 5g daily, divided into two doses (morning and evening), for 3–6 days. Alternatively, take fresh juice of Herba Chenopodii for better efficacy. (Herbal Manual of Jiangxi)

3. 治头虱，土荆芥，捣烂，加茶油敷。（《湖南药物志》）

4. To treat head lice, crush Herba Chenopodii and apply with tea seed oil. (Pharmacopoeia of Hunan)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：8月下旬至9月下旬收割全草，摊放在通风处，或捆束悬挂阴干，避免日晒及雨淋。
Harvesting and processing: Cut the whole plant from late August to late September, spread in a well-ventilated area, or bundle and hang to air-dry in the shade, avoiding direct sunlight and rain.

保存方法：摊放在通风处，或捆束悬挂阴干，避免日晒及雨淋。
Storage method: Keep in a well-ventilated area, either spread out or hung in bundles in the shade, avoiding exposure to sunlight and rain.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：全草黄绿色，茎上有柔毛。叶皱缩破碎，叶缘常具稀疏不整齐的钝锯齿；上表面光滑，下表面可见散生油点；叶脉有毛。花穗簇生于叶腋。胞果扁球形，外被一薄层囊状而具腺毛的宿萼。种子黑色或暗红色，平滑，直径约0.7mm。具强烈而特殊的香气。味辣而微苦。
Characteristics: The whole herb is yellow-green, with soft hairs on the stem. Leaves are wrinkled and fragmented, with sparse, irregular blunt serrations on the margin; upper surface smooth, lower surface with scattered oil glands; leaf veins hairy. Flower spikes clustered in leaf axils. Capsule fruit flattened-spherical, enclosed by a thin, sac-like persistent calyx bearing glandular hairs. Seeds black or dark red, smooth, about 0.7mm in diameter. Strong and distinctive aroma. Pungent and slightly bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：藜科藜属植物土荆芥。
Species: Chenopodium ambrosioides L., belonging to the family Amaranthaceae (formerly Chenopodiaceae).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生或多年生草本，高50～80厘米，有强烈香味。茎直立，多分枝，有色条及钝条棱；枝通常细瘦，有短柔毛并兼有具节的长柔毛，有时近于无毛。叶片矩圆状披针形至披针形，先端急尖或渐尖，边缘具稀疏不整齐的大锯齿，基部渐狭具短柄，上面平滑无毛，下面有散生油点并沿叶脉稍有毛，下部的叶长达15厘米，宽达5厘米，上部叶逐渐狭小而近全缘。花两性及雌性，通常3～5个团集，生于上部叶腋；花被裂片5，较少为3，绿色，果时通常闭合；雄蕊5，花药长0.5毫米；花柱不明显，柱头通常3，较少为4，丝形，伸出花被外。胞果扁球形，完全包于花被内。种子横生或斜生，黑色或暗红色，平滑，有光泽，边缘钝，直径约0.7毫米。花期和果期的时间都很长。
Annual or perennial herb, 50–80 cm tall, with strong aromatic odor. Stem erect, much branched, striped and bluntly angled. Branches slender, with short soft hairs and jointed long soft hairs, sometimes nearly glabrous. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, margins with sparse, irregular large teeth, base gradually narrowed into a short petiole; upper surface smooth and glabrous, lower surface with scattered oil glands and slightly hairy along veins; lower leaves up to 15 cm long and 5 cm wide, upper leaves progressively smaller and nearly entire. Flowers bisexual and female, usually in clusters of 3–5 in upper leaf axils; perianth segments 5 (rarely 3), green, usually closed in fruit; stamens 5, anthers 0.5 mm long; style indistinct, stigmas usually 3 (rarely 4), filiform, exserted beyond perianth. Utricle flattened-spherical, entirely enclosed within perianth. Seeds transversely or obliquely oriented, black or dark red, smooth, shiny, blunt-edged, ca. 0.7 mm in diameter. Long flowering and fruiting period.

分布区域 Distribution Area

广布于世界热带及温带地区，我国广西、广东、福建、台湾、江苏、浙江、江西、湖南、四川等省有野生。
Widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions worldwide. Wild populations occur in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, and other provinces in China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于村旁、路边、河岸等处。
Found near villages, roadsides, riverbanks, and similar habitats.