野苋子，中药名。为苋科植物凹头苋Amaranthuslividus和反枝苋Amaranthusretroflexus的种子。凹头苋分布于全国各地；反枝苋分布于东北、华北、西北及山东、台湾、河南等地。具有清肝明目，利尿之功效。用于肝热目赤，翳障，小便不利。
Ye-xian-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the seeds of the Amaranthus lividus and Amaranthus retroflexus, both belonging to the amaranth family. Amaranthus lividus is distributed throughout the country, while Amaranthus retroflexus is found in the northeast, north China, northwest, Shandong, Taiwan, Henan, and other areas. It is known for its effects of clearing liver and improving vision, as well as promoting diuresis. It is used for conditions such as liver heat with red eyes, dim vision, and difficult urination.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

清肝明目，利尿。主治
Clearing liver, improving vision, and promoting diuresis. Used to treat...

用于肝热目赤，翳障，小便不利。用法用量
Indications: Liver heat with red eyes, nebula, and difficult urination.Dosage: Follow the recommended dosage.

内服：煎汤，6-12g。相关论述
Internal administration: Decoction, 6-12g. Relevant discussion.

《中国药用植物图鉴》：“利尿，明目。”临床应用 相关配伍
"Diuretic, improves vision." Clinical applications and related compatibility.

1、治风热目痛：苋菜子9g。菊花15g，龙胆草9g，水煎服。2、治高血压：苋菜子15g，水煎服。（1-2方出自《内蒙古中草药》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. Treatment for wind-heat induced eye pain: 9g of amaranth seeds, 15g of chrysanthemum flowers, and 9g of gentian grass, decocted in water and taken orally.2. Treatment for hypertension: 15g of amaranth seeds, decocted in water and taken orally. (The above prescriptions are from "Inner Mongolia Chinese Herbal Medicine") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

秋季采收果实，日晒，搓揉取种子，干燥。药材鉴别 药材性状
In autumn, harvest the fruits, sun-dry them, rub to extract the seeds, and then dry them. This process is for medicinal material identification and characterization.

种子环形（凹头苋）或近球形（反枝苋），直径0.8-1.5mm。前者表面红黑至黑褐色，边缘具环状边。后者棕色或黑色，边缘钝，略有光泽。气微，味淡。植物学信息 植物种属
The seeds are circular (concave head amaranth) or nearly spherical (opposite branch amaranth), with a diameter of 0.8-1.5mm. The former has a red-black to black-brown surface, with a ring-shaped edge. The latter is brown or black, with a blunt edge and slight gloss. They have a mild odor and a bland taste. Botanical information about the plant species.

苋科植物凹头苋和反枝苋。形态特征
Amaranthaceae plants include Amaranthus tricolor and Amaranthus retroflexus. Morphological characteristics.

1、凹头苋，一年生草本，高10-30厘米，全体无毛；茎伏卧而上升，从基部分枝，淡绿色或紫红色。叶片卵形或菱状卵形，长1.5-4.5厘米，宽1-3厘米，顶端凹缺，有1芒尖，或微小不显，基部宽楔形，全缘或稍呈波状；叶柄长1-3.5厘米。花成腋生花簇，直至下部叶的腋部，生在茎端和枝端者成直立穗状花序或圆锥花序；苞片及小苞片矩圆形，长不及1毫米；花被片矩圆形或披针形，长1.2-1.5毫米，淡绿色，顶端急尖，边缘内曲，背部有1隆起中脉；雄蕊比花被片稍短；柱头3或2,果熟时脱落。胞果扁卵形，长3毫米，不裂，微皱缩而近平滑，超出宿存花被片。种子环形，直径约12毫米，黑色至黑褐色，边缘具环状边。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。2、反枝苋又名：西风古，红苋菜。一年生草本，高20-80厘米，有时达1米多；茎直立，粗壮，单一或分枝，淡绿色，有时具带紫色条纹，稍具钝棱，密生短柔毛。叶片菱状卵形或椭圆状卵形，长5-12厘米，宽2-5厘米，顶端锐尖或尖凹，有小凸尖，基部楔形，全缘或波状缘，两面及边缘有柔毛，下面毛较密；叶柄长1.5-5.5厘米，淡绿色，有时淡紫色，有柔毛。圆锥花序顶生及腋生，直立，直径2-4厘米，由多数穗状花序形成，顶生花穗较侧生者长；苞片及小苞片钻形，长4-6毫米，白色，背面有1龙骨状突起，伸出顶端成白色尖芒；花被片矩圆形或矩圆状倒卵形，长2-2.5毫米，薄膜质，白色，有1淡绿色细中脉，顶端急尖或尖凹，具凸尖；雄蕊比花被片稍长；柱头3，有时2。胞果扁卵形，长约1.5毫米，环状横裂，薄膜质，淡绿色，包裹在宿存花被片内。种子近球形，直径1毫米，棕色或黑色，边缘钝。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。分布区域

1. Amaranthus blitum, an annual herb, grows 10-30 centimeters tall, with the entire plant being hairless. The stem is prostrate and ascending, branching from the base, and is light green or purple-red in color. The leaves are ovate or rhombic-ovate, 1.5-4.5 centimeters long and 1-3 centimeters wide, with a concave apex, one awn tip, or slightly inconspicuous, a wide wedge-shaped base, entire or slightly undulating margins; petioles are 1-3.5 centimeters long. Flowers are clustered in axillary clusters, extending to the axils of lower leaves, with those at the stem and branch tips forming erect spike-like or conical inflorescences; bracts and bracteoles are rectangular or circular, less than 1 millimeter long; tepals are rectangular or lanceolate, 1.2-1.5 millimeters long, light green, sharply pointed at the apex, inwardly curved at the edges, with a raised midvein on the back; stamens are slightly shorter than the tepals; stigmas are 3 or 2, falling off when the fruit ripens. Utricle is flattened-ovate, 3 millimeters long, not splitting, slightly wrinkled and nearly smooth, exceeding the persistent tepals. Seeds are annular, about 12 millimeters in diameter, black to dark brown, with a ring-shaped edge. Flowering occurs from July to August, and fruiting from August to September.2. Amaranthus retroflexus, also known as "Xifenggu" or "Hongxiancai", is an annual herb that grows 20-80 centimeters tall, sometimes reaching over 1 meter; the stem is erect, stout, single or branched, light green, sometimes with purple stripes, slightly obtusely angled, and densely covered with short soft hairs. The leaves are rhombic-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5-12 centimeters long and 2-5 centimeters wide, with a sharp or concave apex, small convex tips, wedge-shaped base, entire or undulating margins, and soft hairs on both sides and edges, denser on the underside; petioles are 1.5-5.5 centimeters long, light green, sometimes pale purple, and hairy. The conical inflorescences are terminal and axillary, erect, 2-4 centimeters in diameter, formed by numerous spike-like inflorescences, with the terminal inflorescence longer than the lateral ones; bracts and bracteoles are lanceolate, 4-6 millimeters long, white, with a dorsal keel-like protrusion on the back, extending into a white pointed awn at the tip; tepals are rectangular or rectangular-ovate, 2-2.5 millimeters long, membranous, white, with a faint green midvein, sharply pointed or concave at the apex, with convex tips; stamens are slightly longer than the tepals; stigmas are 3, sometimes 2. Utricle is flattened-ovate, about 1.5 millimeters long, transversely ruptured, membranous, light green, enveloped within the persistent tepals. Seeds are nearly spherical, 1 millimeter in diameter, brown or black, with blunt edges. Flowering occurs from July to August, and fruiting from August to September. Distribution area.

1、凹头苋分布于全国各地。2、反枝苋分布于东北、华北、西北及山东、台湾、河南等地。生长环境

1. Amaranthus blitum is distributed throughout the country.2. Amaranthus retroflexus is distributed in the Northeast, North China, Northwest, Shandong, Taiwan, Henan, and other regions. Growing environment.

1、凹头苋生于庭园、路边等处。2、反枝苋生于旷野、田间或村舍附近草地。

1. The purslane with concave heads grows in gardens, along roadsides, and other places.2. The purslane with opposite branches grows in the wilderness, fields, or grasslands near villages.