伞形梅笠草，中药名。为鹿蹄草科植物伞形喜冬草Chimaphilaumbellata(L.)W.Barton[PyrolaumbellateL.]的全草。分布于吉林、辽宁、内蒙古等地。具有清热利湿，理气止痛之功效。常用于小便淋涩疼痛，水肿，泄泻，胃痛，腹痛。
San-xing-mei-li-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Chimaphila umbellata). It is the whole plant of Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Barton [Pyrola umbellata L.], a plant of the family Pyrolaceae. It is distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and other places. It has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, regulating qi, and relieving pain. It is commonly used for dysuria with pain, edema, diarrhea, stomachache, and abdominal pain.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热利湿，理气止痛。
Clearing heat and dampness, regulating qi and relieving pain.

主治 Indications

用于小便淋涩疼痛，水肿，泄泻，胃痛，腹痛。
Used for painful and difficult urination, edema, diarrhea, stomach pain, and abdominal pain.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，5-10g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 5-10g.

注意事项 Precautions

不可长期使用。（《世界植物药》2013第120页）
Not for long-term use. (World Herbal Medicine, 2013, p. 120)

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、具有抗菌作用；（《长白山植物药志》1982第854页）

1. Possesses antibacterial effects; (Compendium of Medicinal Plants in Changbai Mountain, 1982, p. 854)

2、利尿、收敛、镇痛作用；（《长白山植物药志》1982第854页）
2. Diuretic, astringent, and analgesic effects; (Compendium of Medicinal Plants in Changbai Mountain, 1982, p. 854)

3、本品有滋补、止痛等作用。（《世界植物药》2013第120页）
3. This product has nourishing and analgesic effects. (World Herbal Medicine, 2013, p. 120)

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

《新华本草纲要》：“全草具有抗菌、利尿、收敛、镇痛、抗炎症、抗癌等作用。”
"Compendium of Materia Medica": "The whole plant has functions such as antibacterial, diuretic, astringent, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, etc."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

据国外文献报道，临床上应用其做为：①利尿及尿道消炎剂——适用于带有粘液状沉渣的混浊尿的治疗。本品精油对于肾病，膀胱炎，尿石症，肾炎，淋病，慢性淋病型尿道炎亦有效。本品利尿作用尚用于治疗各种水肿和积水，如腹水等。②治疗糖尿病，可降低血糖。③增强食欲，助消化。④滋补强壮剂——恢复过度疲劳。⑤胃肠炎。⑥上呼吸道炎症。⑦肺结核。⑧镇痛剂——产后痛，胃痛，牙痛。⑨内服煎剂治肠结核，胃溃疡，前列腺炎。⑩各种癌症：唇癌、乳腺癌、腭扁桃体癌及其他腺体癌。⑪外用于各种慢性皮肤病。
According to foreign literature, the clinical applications of this herb include: ① Diuretic and urinary tract anti-inflammatory agent - suitable for the treatment of cloudy urine with mucous sediment. The essential oil of this herb is effective for kidney disease, cystitis, urolithiasis, nephritis, gonorrhea, and chronic gonorrheal urethritis. Its diuretic effect is also used to treat various edemas and fluid retention, such as ascites. ② Treatment of diabetes, can lower blood sugar. ③ Enhances appetite and aids digestion. ④ Nutritive tonic - restores excessive fatigue. ⑤ Gastroenteritis. ⑥ Upper respiratory tract inflammation. ⑦ Pulmonary tuberculosis. ⑧ Analgesic - postpartum pain, stomach pain, toothache. ⑨ Internally used decoction for treating intestinal tuberculosis, gastric ulcers, and prostatitis. ⑩ Various cancers: lip cancer, breast cancer, palatine tonsil cancer, and other glandular cancers. ⑪ Used externally for various chronic skin diseases.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，洗净，晒干或阴干。
Harvest in summer and autumn, wash, dry in the sun or shade.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：鹿蹄草科植物伞形喜冬草。
The umbrella wintergreen is a plant of the Pyrolaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

常绿小草本状半灌木，高10-20cm。根茎长而粗，斜升。叶近对生或多数轮生；叶柄短，长2-5(-6)mm；叶厚革质，倒卵状长楔形或匙状倒披针形，长3.5-6cm，上部最宽处0.8-1.5cm，先端圆钝，基部狭楔形，下延至叶柄，中部以上边缘有疏粗锯齿，下部边缘全缘，上面暗绿色，有皱纹，中脉及侧脉凹入，下面苍白色。花葶有细小疣，花(2-)3-8(-10)聚成伞形花序；花倾斜，白色，偶带红色，直径8-10(-12)mm；花梗直立，长1-1.7(-2)cm，有细小疣；苞片宽线形，长3-4mm，早落；萼片5，圆卵形，长1.5-2mm，最宽处2-2.2mm，先端圆钝，边缘有细齿；花瓣5，倒卵形，长5.5-6mm，宽4-4.5mm，先端圆钝；雄蕊10，花丝短，下半部膨大并有缘毛，花药长约2mm，宽约1mm，有小角，顶孔开裂，黄色；近无花柱，柱头宽圆盾状，5浅裂。蒴果扁球形，直径5-6mm。花期6-7月，果期7-8月。
It is an evergreen herbaceous subshrub, 10-20cm tall. The rhizome is long and thick, obliquely ascending. Leaves are nearly opposite or whorled; petioles are short, 2-5(-6)mm long; leaves are thick and leathery, inverted ovate to spatulate or spoon-shaped, 3.5-6cm long, widest at the upper part measuring 0.8-1.5cm, rounded and obtuse at the tip, narrowly wedge-shaped at the base extending down to the petiole, with sparse coarse serrations along the upper edges above the middle, smooth margins below the lower part, dark green on the upper surface with wrinkles, sunken midrib and lateral veins, and pale whitish underneath. The flower stalk has tiny warts, flowers (2-)3-8(-10) clustered into umbellate inflorescences; flowers are inclined, white, occasionally tinged with red, 8-10(-12)mm in diameter; flower pedicels are erect, 1-1.7(-2)cm long, with tiny warts; bracts are broadly linear, 3-4mm long, early falling off; sepals are 5, rounded-ovate, 1.5-2mm long, widest at 2-2.2mm, rounded and obtuse at the tip, with fine teeth along the edges; petals are 5, inverted ovate, 5.5-6mm long, 4-4.5mm wide, rounded and obtuse at the tip; stamens are 10, with short filaments, swollen in the lower half with marginal hairs, anthers about 2mm long, 1mm wide, with small angles, opening at the top, yellow; nearly absent pistils, with a wide shield-shaped stigma, shallowly 5-lobed. The capsule is flattened-spherical, 5-6mm in diameter. It flowers from June to July, and fruits from July to August.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于吉林、辽宁、内蒙古等地。
Distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1100m以下较干燥的阔叶林下。
Born under the broad-leaved forest below 1100 meters above sea level, which is relatively dry.