无患子，中药名。为无患子科无患子属植物无患子SapindusmukorossiGaertn.的种子。植物无患子，分布于我国华东、中南至西南地区。具有清热，祛痰，消积，杀虫之功效。主治喉痹肿痛，肺热咳喘，音哑，食滞，疳积，蛔虫腹痛，滴虫性阴道炎，癣疾，肿毒。
Wu-huan-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. s the seed of the plant Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. of the Sapindus genus in the Sapindaceae family. The plant is distributed in the East, Central South, and Southwest regions of China. It is known for its effects of clearing heat, resolving phlegm, reducing accumulation, and killing parasites. It is used to treat conditions such as sore throat, lung heat cough and asthma, hoarseness, food stagnation, malnutrition, abdominal pain due to roundworms, trichomonas vaginitis, ringworm, and various types of swelling and toxicity.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热，祛痰，消积，杀虫。
Clearing heat, resolving phlegm, promoting digestion, and killing parasites.

主治 Indications

喉痹肿痛，肺热咳喘，音哑，食滞，疳积，蛔虫腹痛，滴虫性阴道炎，癣疾，肿毒。
Sore throat with swelling, cough and wheezing due to lung heat, hoarseness, food stagnation, accumulation of malnutrition in children, abdominal pain caused by roundworms, trichomonas vaginal infection, dermatomycosis, and toxic swellings.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3-6g；或研末。外用：适量，烧灰或研末吹喉、擦牙，或煎汤洗；或熬膏涂。
Internal use: decoction, 3-6g; or taken as powder. External use: appropriate amount, burn to ash or grind into powder for blowing into the throat or rubbing on teeth, or decoct for washing; or boil into ointment for topical application.

注意事项 Precautions

脾胃虚寒者慎用。
Those with spleen and stomach deficiency-cold should use with caution.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、抗菌作用。
2、降血压作用。

1. Antibacterial effect.
2. Hypotensive effect.
3. Protective effect against liver damage.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

《本草衍义》：“无患子，今释子取以为念珠，出佛经，惟取紫红色，小者佳。今入药绝少，西洛亦有之。”
"Ben Cao Yan Yi": "Wu Huan Zi is now used by Buddhist monks as prayer beads, mentioned in Buddhist scriptures, where only small, purplish-red ones are preferred. Nowadays, it is rarely used in medicine, though it can also be found in western regions."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治喉痹，无患子，研。内喉中立开。（《普济方》）
2、治喉蛾，无患子核、凤尾草各9g。水煎服。（《福建药物志》）

1. Treat sore throat obstruction: grind Wu Huan Zi into powder, administer orally to quickly relieve blockage. ("Pu Ji Fang")
2. Treat tonsillitis: use 9g each of Wu Huan Zi kernel and Hedyotis diffusa. Decoct in water and take orally. ("Fujian Yao Wu Zhi")
3. Treat whooping cough and fever from cold: use 3 kernels of Wu Huan Zi fruit. Decoct in water and take orally. ("Qingdao Zhong Cao Yao Shou Ce")
4. Treat asthma: grind the seeds of Wu Huan Zi into powder. Take 6g each time, dissolve in boiling water and drink. ("Zhejiang Yao Yong Zhi Wu Zhi")
5. Treat abdominal distension in children: use 3–4 Wu Huan Zi kernels, roast until cooked, eat to release gas and relieve bloating. ("Lingnan Cao Yao Zhi")
6. Treat pediatric malnutrition: use 6–7 roasted Wu Huan Zi kernels, mix with the calcined ash of one Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, grind into powder, and consume with steamed pig liver over 3–4 doses. ("Lingnan Cao Yao Zhi")
7. Treat toothache and gum swelling: use 30g Wu Huan Zi, 30g rhubarb, 30g cyperus, and 15g green salt; encase in mud, calcine, then grind into powder for daily tooth rubbing. ("Pu Ji Fang")

附注 Notes

本植物的根（无患树蔃）、韧皮（无患树皮）、嫩枝叶（无患子叶）、果肉（无患子皮）、种仁（无患子中仁）亦供药用。
(1) 无患树蔃：宣肺止咳，解毒化湿；主治外感发热，咳嗽，咽喉肿痛，白浊，带下，毒蛇咬伤。

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季采摘成熟果实，除去果肉和果皮，取种子晒干。
Processing method：除去果肉、杂质，取种子晒干。

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：种子球形或椭圆形，直径约1.5cm。表面黑色，光滑，种脐线形，附白色绒毛。质坚硬。剖开后，子叶2枚，黄色，肥厚，叠生，背面的1枚较大，半抱腹面的1枚；胚粗短，稍弯曲。气微，味苦。
饮片性状：种子球形，直径约14mm。外表黑色，光滑。种脐线性，周围附有白色绒毛。种皮骨质，坚硬。无胚乳，子叶2，叠生，黄色，肥厚；胚粗短，稍弯曲。气微，味苦。

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：无患子科无患子属植物无患子。
Plant species: Sapindus saponaria L., belonging to the genus Sapindus, family Sapindaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

无患子，别名桓（《山海经》），拾栌木（崔豹《古今注》），楺娄、栌木（《纂文》），噤娄（《本草拾遗》），卢鬼木（《纲目》），黄目树（《台湾府志》），肥皂树（浙江），苦患树（海南），目浪树（台湾）。为落叶大乔木，高可达20多米。嫩枝绿色，无毛。偶数羽状复叶，互生；叶连柄长25-45厘米或更长，叶轴上面两侧有直槽；小叶5-8对，通常近对生，小叶柄长约0.5厘米；叶片薄纸质，长椭圆状披针形或稍呈镰形，长7-15厘米或更长，宽2-5厘米，先端短尖，基部楔形，腹面有光泽，两面无毛或背面被微柔毛。花序顶生，圆锥形；花小，辐射对称；萼片卵形或长圆状卵形，大的长约0.2厘米，外面基部被疏柔毛；花瓣5，披针形，有长爪，长约0.25厘米，外面基部被长柔毛或近无毛，鳞片2个，小耳状；花盘碟状，无毛；雄蕊8，伸出，花丝中部以下密被长柔毛；子房无毛。核果肉质，果的发育分果爿近球形，直径2-2.5厘米，橙黄色，干时变黑。种子球形，黑色，坚硬。花期春季，果期夏秋。
Wu Huan Zi, also known as Huan ("Shan Hai Jing"), Shi Lu Mu (Cui Bao's "Gu Jin Zhu"), Rou Lou or Lu Mu ("Zuan Wen"), Jin Lou ("Ben Cao Shi Yi"), Lu Gui Mu ("Ben Cao Gang Mu"), Huang Mu Shu ("Taiwan Fu Zhi"), Soapberry Tree (Zhejiang), Ku Huan Shu (Hainan), and Mu Lang Shu (Taiwan). It is a deciduous large tree, up to over 20 meters tall. Young twigs are green and glabrous. Even-pinnate compound leaves, alternate; leaf including petiole 25–45 cm or longer, with straight grooves on both sides of the rachis; 5–8 pairs of leaflets, usually nearly opposite, petiolules about 0.5 cm long; lamina thin papery, oblong-lanceolate or slightly falcate, 7–15 cm long or more, 2–5 cm wide, apex shortly acuminate, base cuneate, adaxial surface shiny, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially sparsely pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate; flowers small, actinomorphic; sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, larger ones ca. 0.2 cm long, sparsely pubescent at base externally; 5 petals, lanceolate with long claws, ca. 0.25 cm long, externally pubescent at base or nearly glabrous; 2 scale-like structures, small and ear-shaped; disc saucer-shaped, glabrous; stamens 8, exserted, filaments densely long-pubescent below middle; ovary glabrous. Drupe fleshy, developed mericarps nearly spherical, 2–2.5 cm in diameter, orange-yellow, turning black when dry. Seeds spherical, black, hard. Flowering in spring, fruiting in summer and autumn.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于我国华东、中南至西南地区。各地寺庙、庭园和村边常见栽培。
Distributed in eastern, central-southern, and southwestern China. Commonly cultivated in temples, gardens, and village outskirts.

生长环境 Growing Environment

喜温暖湿润的气候。以排水良好、上层深厚的肥沃土地栽培为宜。
Prefers warm and humid climate. Suitable for cultivation in fertile, deep, well-drained soil.