三叶委陵菜，中药名。为蔷薇科委陵菜属植物三叶委陵菜（PotentillafreynianaBomm．）的全草。夏季采收开花的全草，晒干。生于向阳山坡或路边草丛中。分布四川、湖南、河北、江苏、浙江、福建等地。味苦，性微寒。入心经。具有清热解毒、散瘀止血的功效。常用于骨结核、口腔炎、瘰疬、跌打损伤、外伤出血等病证。
San-ye-wei-ling-cai, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole plant of Potentilla freyniana Bomm., a plant of the Rosaceae family. The whole plant is harvested when it blooms in summer and then dried in the sun. It grows on sunny mountain slopes or in roadside grass. It is distributed in Sichuan, Hunan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and other places. It has a bitter taste and a slightly cold nature, and enters the heart meridian. It has the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, and stopping bleeding. It is commonly used for bone tuberculosis, oral inflammation, scrofula, bruises, and external bleeding.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，散瘀止血。
Clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, and stopping bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于骨结核，口腔炎，瘰疬，跌打损伤，外伤出血。
Indications: Used for bone tuberculosis, oral inflammation, scrofula, bruises, and external bleeding due to trauma.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9～18克；或浸酒。外用：捣敷、煎水洗或研末撒。
Internal use: decoction, 9-18 grams; or soaked in alcohol. External use: pounded for application, decoction for washing, or powdered for sprinkling.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

有抑菌作用。
Has antibacterial effects.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《浙江民间常用草药》：“性微寒，味苦。”“清热解毒，敛疮止血。”

1. "Zhejiang Folk Commonly Used Herbs": "Nature slightly cold, taste bitter." "Clears heat, detoxifies, astringes sores, stops bleeding."

2、《四川常用中草药》：“性微温，味涩。”“散瘀血，消瘰疬。治跌打损伤。”
2. "Sichuan Commonly Used Chinese Herbs": "Nature slightly warm, taste astringent." "Dispels blood stasis, resolves lumps, treats bruises and injuries."

3、《常见混淆中草药的识别》：“清热解毒，消肿，镇痉。治痈肿疔疮，痔疮，蛇虫咬伤，小儿惊厥。”
3. "Identification of Commonly Confused Chinese Herbs": "Clears heat, detoxifies, reduces swelling, calms spasms. Treats abscesses, boils, hemorrhoids, snake bites, and convulsions in children."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治骨结核：三叶委陵菜适量，加食盐少许，捣烂敷患处，每日换药一次。（《浙江民间常用草药》）

1. Treating bone tuberculosis: Take an appropriate amount of three-leaf water-plantain, add a little salt, mash it into a paste and apply it to the affected area, change the dressing once a day. (From "Folk Herbs Commonly Used in Zhejiang")

2、治口腔炎：三叶委陵菜二至三钱。水煎服。（《浙江民间常用草药》）
2. Treating oral inflammation: Take two to three qian (a traditional Chinese unit of weight) of three-leaf water-plantain, decoct in water and take orally. (From "Folk Herbs Commonly Used in Zhejiang")

3、治外伤出血：三叶委陵菜捣烂外敷。（《浙江民间常用草药》）
3. Treating external bleeding from injuries: Mash three-leaf water-plantain into a paste and apply externally. (From "Folk Herbs Commonly Used in Zhejiang")

4、治蛇头疔：三叶委陵菜加食盐捣烂，敷患处。（苏医《中草药手册》）
4. Treating carbuncles: Mash three-leaf water-plantain with salt and apply the paste to the affected area. (From "Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine" by a Suzhou physician)

5、治痔疮：三叶委陵菜洗净，捣烂，冲入沸水浸泡，趁热坐熏。（苏医《中草药手册》）
5. Treating hemorrhoids: Clean and mash three-leaf water-plantain, soak it in boiling water, and sit over the steam while hot. (From "Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine" by a Suzhou physician)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏季采收开花的全草，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: In summer, harvest the whole herb when it is in bloom, and then dry it in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：蔷薇科委陵菜属植物三叶委陵菜。
The plant belongs to the Rosaceae family and the Potentilla genus, known as Potentilla tridentata.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本，高约30厘米。主根短而粗，状如蜂子，须根多数。茎细长柔软，有时呈匍匐状；有柔毛。3出复叶；基生叶的小叶椭圆形、矩圆形或斜卵形，长1.5～5厘米，宽1～2厘米，基部楔形，边缘有钝锯齿，近基部全缘，下面沿叶脉处有较密的柔毛；叶柄细长，有柔毛；茎生叶小叶片较小，叶柄短或无；托叶卵形，被毛。总状聚伞花序，顶生；总花梗和花梗有柔毛；花梗上有小苞片；花小，少数，直径10～15毫米，黄色；副萼5，线状披针形，萼5，卵状披针形，外面均被毛；花瓣5，倒卵形，顶端微凹；雄蕊多数，雌蕊多数，花柱侧生；花托稍有毛。瘦果小，黄色，卵形，无毛，有小皱纹。花期4～5月。
Perennial herb, about 30 centimeters tall. The main root is short and thick, resembling a bee larva, with numerous fibrous roots. The stem is slender, long, and soft, sometimes creeping, with soft hairs. It has trifoliate compound leaves; the leaflets of basal leaves are elliptic, rectangular, or oblique-ovate, 1.5-5 centimeters long, 1-2 centimeters wide, with a wedge-shaped base, blunt serrations on the edges, nearly entire near the base, and dense soft hairs along the veins on the underside. The leaf stalk is slender and hairy. The leaflets of stem leaves are smaller, with short or absent petioles; the stipules are ovate and hairy. The inflorescence is a corymb, terminal; the peduncles and pedicels are hairy, with small bracts on the pedicels. The flowers are small, few in number, 10-15 millimeters in diameter, yellow; the bracts are lanceolate, the sepals are ovate-lanceolate, both hairy on the outside; the petals are obovate, slightly notched at the apex; numerous stamens and pistils, with pistils borne laterally on the flower column; the receptacle is slightly hairy. The fruit is small, yellow, ovoid, hairless, with small wrinkles. Flowering period is from April to May.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于四川、湖南、河北、江苏、浙江、福建等地。
Distributed in Sichuan, Hunan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于向阳山坡或路边草丛中。
Born on sunny slopes or roadside thickets.