一叶萩，中药名。为大戟科植物叶底珠Securinegasuffruticosa(Plll.)Rehd.的嫩枝叶或根。具有祛风活血，益肾强筋的功效。主治风湿腰痛，四肢麻木，阳痿，小儿疳积，面神经麻痹，小儿麻痹症后遗症。
Yi-ye-qiu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the tender branches, leaves, or roots of Securinega suffruticosa (Plll.) Rehd., a plant in the Euphorbiaceae family. It has the effects of dispelling wind and activating blood circulation, nourishing the kidneys, and strengthening tendons. It is used to treat rheumatic back pain, numbness in the limbs, impotence, infantile malnutrition, facial nerve paralysis, and sequelae of infantile paralysis.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

祛风活血，益肾强筋。主治
Dispelling wind and activating blood circulation, nourishing the kidneys and strengthening tendons. Used to treat...

风湿腰痛，四肢麻木，阳痿，小儿疳积，面神经麻痹，小儿麻痹症后遗症。用法用量
Rheumatic low back pain, numbness in the limbs, impotence, infantile malnutrition, facial nerve paralysis, and sequelae of infantile paralysis. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，6-9g。注意事项
Internal administration: Decoction, 6-9g. Precautions.

本品有毒，宜慎服。化学成分
This product is toxic and should be taken with caution. Chemical composition: [chemical components].

1、植株含一叶萩碱，叶底珠碱，叶中含二氢一叶萩碱。又含一叶萩醇A，一叶萩醇B，一叶萩醇C，苦味酸盐，别一叶萩碱。叶及嫩茎含一叶萩碱。2、种子含0.2%烃类，95%三酰甘油类，1.0%游离脂肪酸，0.6%甾醇，2.6%二酰及羟基酰二酰甘油类，0.1%单酰甘油类，0.5%极性类脂类，亚麻酸（总量的63.9%）及亚油酸。另含羟基脂肪酸，主要有12-羟基十七烷酸，12-羟基二十烷酸，羟基庚酸及羟基十八烷酸。3、根皮含一叶萩新碱。药理作用

1. The plant contains hederagenin, hederine, and hederagenin-2-hydroxy. It also contains hederageninol A, hederageninol B, hederageninol C, bitter salts, and another type of hederagenin. The leaves and tender stems contain hederagenin.2. The seeds contain 0.2% hydrocarbons, 95% triglycerides, 1.0% free fatty acids, 0.6% sterols, 2.6% diacyl and hydroxyacyl triglycerides, 0.1% monoacyl glycerides, 0.5% polar lipids, linolenic acid (accounting for 63.9% of the total), and linoleic acid. They also contain hydroxy fatty acids, mainly 12-hydroxy-17-octadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxy-20-eicosanoic acid, hydroxy caprylic acid, and hydroxy octadecanoic acid.3. The root bark contains new hederagenin alkaloids. Pharmacological effects.

1、对中枢神经系统的作用：一叶萩碱具有士的宁样的中枢兴奋作用，对脊髓的兴奋作用最强。地西泮对小鼠由一叶萩碱引起的惊厥有拮抗作用。一叶萩碱是一种GABA受体拮抗剂。一叶萩碱可促进正常小鼠的学习和提高记忆再现力，对酒精造成的记忆获得和记忆再现不良均有明显改善作用；但对M-胆碱阻滞剂东莨菪碱和多巴胺拮抗剂氟哌啶醇引起的记忆获得障碍并无改善作用。推测萩碱是通过拮抗中枢GABA这一抑制性递质而对记忆过程起到促进作用的。一叶萩碱对大脑皮质的作用是使条件反射加强，潜伏期缩短，并能使家兔脑电出现高幅慢波；还能增加大脑、脊髓、肝、肾、骨骼肌的耗氧量。2、其他作用：叶的煎剂及小剂量一叶萩碱对蟾蜍和猫的心脏皆有兴奋作用；对兔和犬均有呼吸兴奋和血压下降作用。毒理作用

1. Effects on the central nervous system: Huperzine A has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, similar to that of strychnine, with the strongest excitatory effect on the spinal cord. Diazepam has an antagonistic effect on the convulsions induced by huperzine A in mice. Huperzine A is a GABA receptor antagonist. Huperzine A can promote learning and enhance memory recall in normal mice, showing significant improvement in memory acquisition and recall impairment caused by alcohol; however, it does not improve memory acquisition impairment caused by the M-cholinergic blocker scopolamine or the dopamine antagonist haloperidol. It is speculated that huperzine A promotes the memory process by antagonizing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the central nervous system. Huperzine A's effect on the cerebral cortex enhances conditioned reflexes, shortens latency periods, and induces high-amplitude slow waves in rabbit electroencephalograms; it also increases oxygen consumption in the brain, spinal cord, liver, kidneys, and skeletal muscles. 2. Other effects: Decoctions of the leaves and small doses of huperzine A have excitatory effects on the hearts of toads and cats; they also have respiratory stimulation and blood pressure-lowering effects on rabbits and dogs. Toxic effects.

动物实验中，观察到一叶萩碱中毒是通过兴奋脊髓引起强直性惊厥，最后死于呼吸停止。其作用与士的宁一样，但较弱。引起猫惊厥的量约为士的宁的10.5倍，引起死亡的量约为士的宁的100倍。硝酸一叶萩碱小鼠灌胃，腹腔注射及静注的LD50分别为270±20.2mg/kg，31.8±1.58mg/kg和6.23±0.16mg/kg，对大鼠则分别为>800mg/kg、41±2.2mg/kg及15.1±0.48mg/kg。另有报告，小鼠静注的LD50为3.5mg/kg。亚急性毒性，给断乳大鼠腹腔注射硝酸一叶萩碱每日1次，每次16mg/kg，连续15d，对动物生长、血象、肝肾功能及骨髓功能均无明显影响。犬皮下注射5mg/kg，连续10d，对其血象和肝肾功能等也未见有明影响。相关论述
In animal experiments, it was observed that the toxicity of aconitine is manifested by exciting the spinal cord to cause tetanic convulsions, ultimately leading to death from respiratory arrest. Its action is similar to veratrine, but weaker. The amount that induces convulsions in cats is approximately 10.5 times that of veratrine, and the lethal dose is about 100 times that of veratrine. The LD50 of aconitine nitrate in mice by intragastric, intraperitoneal, and intravenous injection is 270±20.2mg/kg, 31.8±1.58mg/kg, and 6.23±0.16mg/kg, respectively, while in rats it is >800mg/kg, 41±2.2mg/kg, and 15.1±0.48mg/kg, respectively. There are also reports that the LD50 of intravenous injection in mice is 3.5mg/kg. In subacute toxicity studies, daily intraperitoneal injection of aconitine nitrate at 16mg/kg for 15 days in weaned rats showed no significant effects on animal growth, blood parameters, liver and kidney function, and bone marrow function. Subcutaneous injection of 5mg/kg in dogs for 10 days also did not show any significant effects on blood parameters, liver and kidney function, etc. This is a summary of the relevant discussions.

1、《内蒙古中草药》：“兴奋中枢神经。主治脊髓灰白质炎后遗症，神经衰弱，阳痿。”2、《湖南药物志》：“补肾壮阳，强筋骨，通血脉。”3、《沙漠地区药用植物》：“对心脏有兴奋作用，能加强心脏的收缩。”4、《全国中草药汇编》：“祛风活血，补肾强筋。主治面神经麻痹，小儿麻痹后遗症，眩暈，耳聋，神经衰弱，嗜睡症。”5、《浙江药用植物志》：“主治面神经麻痹，小儿麻痹症及后遗症，兴奋性降低的神经衰弱，直立性低血压，眩晕，耳鸣，耳聋，手足麻木，偏瘫，风湿腰痛，阳痿。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Inner Mongolia Medicinal Herbs": "Excites the central nervous system. Used to treat sequelae of spinal gray matter inflammation, neurasthenia, and impotence."2. "Hunan Materia Medica": "Tonifies the kidney, strengthens yang, fortifies tendons and bones, and promotes blood circulation."3. "Medicinal Plants in Desert Areas": "Has an excitatory effect on the heart, can enhance cardiac contraction."4. "Compilation of National Medicinal Herbs": "Dispels wind, activates blood circulation, tonifies the kidney, and strengthens tendons. Used to treat facial nerve paralysis, sequelae of infantile paralysis, dizziness, deafness, neurasthenia, and hypersomnia."5. "Zhejiang Medicinal Plants": "Used to treat facial nerve paralysis, infantile paralysis and its sequelae, reduced excitability in neurasthenia, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, tinnitus, deafness, numbness in limbs, hemiplegia, lumbar pain due to rheumatism, and impotence." Clinical applications and related compatibility.

1、治阳痿：一叶萩根15-18g。水煎服。（《湖南药物志》）2、治小儿疳积：（一叶萩）根15-18g，加紫青藤（鼠李科牯岭勾儿茶）、白马骨（茜草科六月雪）根、野刚子（马钱科醉鱼草）根、倒压刺（豆科云实）根或茎各15-18g，果大豆炒半生半熟13-14粒，红枣4-5粒。水煎，冲红糖，早晚空腹各服1次。忌酸辣及坚硬食物。（《天目山药用植物志》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. Treatment for impotence: 15-18g of One-leaf Plantain Rhizome. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Hunan Materia Medica")2. Treatment for infantile malnutrition: 15-18g of One-leaf Plantain Rhizome, combined with Purple Qing Teng (Rubiaceae Rubia cordifolia), White Osteospermum (Asteraceae Osteospermum), Wild Buckthorn (Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense) root, or stem, each 15-18g, 13-14 roasted and semi-cooked soybeans, 4-5 red dates. Decoct in water, add rock sugar, take on an empty stomach in the morning and evening. Avoid sour, spicy, and hard foods. (From "Tianmu Mountain Medicinal Plants")Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

嫩枝叶，春末至秋末均可采收，割取连叶的绿色嫰枝，扎成小把，阴干；根全年均可采，除去泥沙，洗净，切片晒干。药材鉴别 药材性状
Tender branches and leaves can be harvested from late spring to late autumn. Cut the green tender branches along with the leaves, tie them into small bundles, and dry them in the shade. Roots can be harvested all year round, remove the mud and sand, wash them clean, cut into slices, and sun-dry them. Identification and characteristics of medicinal materials.

嫩枝条呈圆柱形，略具棱角，长约25-40cm，粗端径约2mm。表面暗绿黄色，具纵向细纹理。叶多皱缩破碎，有时尚有黄色花朵或灰黑色果实。质脆，断面中央白色，四周纤维状。气微，味微辛而苦。根不规则分枝，圆柱形，表面红棕色，有细纵皱、疏生突起的小点或横向皮孔。质脆，断面不整齐，木质部淡黄白色。气微，味淡转涩。植物学信息 植物种属
The tender branches are cylindrical with slight edges, about 25-40cm long and approximately 2mm in diameter at the thick end. The surface is dark green-yellow with longitudinal fine veins. The leaves are often wrinkled and broken, sometimes with yellow flowers or gray-black fruits. The texture is crispy, with a white center on the cross-section and fibrous around the edges. It has a mild aroma, slightly pungent and bitter taste. The roots are irregularly branched, cylindrical, reddish-brown on the surface, with fine longitudinal wrinkles, sparse protrusions, or transverse pores. The texture is crispy, the cross-section is irregular, and the xylem is light yellow-white. It has a mild aroma and a slightly astringent taste. Botanical information about the plant species.

大戟科白饭树属叶底珠。形态特征
Euphorbia heterophylla, a member of the Euphorbiaceae family, is commonly known as the leafy spurge. It has distinctive morphological characteristics.

灌木，高1-3m。茎丛生，多分枝，小枝绿色，纤细，有棱线，上半部多下垂；老枝呈灰褐色，平滑无毛。单叶互生；具短柄；叶片椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，全缘或具不整齐的波状齿或微被锯齿。3-12朵花簇生于叶腋；花小，淡黄色，无花瓣；单性，雌雄同株；萼片5，卵形；雄花花盘腺体5，分离，2裂，5萼片互生，退化子房小，圆柱形，长1mm，2裂；雌花花盘几不分裂，子房3室，花柱3裂。蒴果三梭状扁球形，直径约5mm，熟时红褐色，无毛，裂成3瓣。花期5-7月，果期7-9月。分布区域
Shrub, 1-3m tall. Stems clustered, highly branched, with slender green twigs, angular, and drooping in the upper half; old branches gray-brown, smooth and hairless. Leaves alternate; short petioles; leaf blades elliptic or ovate-elliptic, entire or irregularly serrated or slightly serrated. 3-12 flowers clustered in leaf axils; small flowers, pale yellow, without petals; unisexual, male and female flowers on the same plant; sepals 5, ovate; male flowers with 5 glandular discs, separate, 2-cleft, 5 sepals alternate, degenerate ovary small, cylindrical, 1mm long, 2-cleft; female flowers with undivided disc, ovary 3-locular, style 3-cleft. Capsule three-lobed, flattened spherical, about 5mm in diameter, reddish-brown when ripe, hairless, splitting into 3 valves. Flowering period from May to July, fruiting period from July to September. Distribution area.

分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、陕西、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、台湾、河南、湖北、广西、四川、贵州等地。道地产区
Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and other regions. Authentic production area.

主产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、陕西、山东、江西、台湾、河南、湖北、广西、四川等地。自产自销。生长环境
Mainly produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan and other places. Self-produced and self-sold. Growing environment.

生于山坡或路边。生长见习
Born on the hillside or by the roadside. Grows with experience.

宜选择向阳平地或山坡种植。对土壤要求不严，但以肥沃疏松者为好。繁殖方式
It is advisable to plant in sunny flatlands or on hillsides. The soil requirements are not strict, but fertile and loose soil is preferred. The reproduction method

主要以种子繁殖。栽培技术
Mainly propagated by seeds. Cultivation techniques.

种子繁殖：浙江地区于4月上旬或8月下旬，按穴距60cm×40cm开穴，每穴播种子8-10粒，覆土3cm，1h㎡播种量约11.25kg。当温度在18-22℃时，保持足够湿度，约10-15d出苗。苗齐后，即行间苗，每穴留苗2株。病虫防治
Seed propagation: In the Zhejiang region, in early April or late August, holes are dug at a spacing of 60cm × 40cm. 8-10 seeds are sown in each hole, covered with soil to a depth of 3cm, and the seeding quantity per hectare is about 11.25kg. When the temperature is between 18-22°C, maintain sufficient humidity, and seedlings will emerge in about 10-15 days. After the seedlings are uniform, thinning should be carried out, leaving 2 plants per hole. Disease and pest control should be implemented.

1、病害：主要有白粉病，发生于7-9月间。发病期间可用牛龚液喷2-3次防治，用0.3-0.5波美度的石硫合剂喷射亦有效。2、虫害：6-9月间有象鼻虫、卷叶虫、潜叶虫、金龟子等为害叶部。金龟子可用人工捕杀。

1. Diseases: Mainly powdery mildew, which occurs between July and September. During the onset of the disease, spraying with cow dung liquid 2-3 times can be used for prevention and control, and spraying with 0.3-0.5 Bordeaux mixture is also effective.2. Pests: From June to September, pests such as leafhoppers, leaf rollers, leaf miners, and golden tortoise beetles damage the leaves. Golden tortoise beetles can be manually captured and killed.