蛇莓，中药名。为薔薇科植物蛇莓Duchesneaindica（Andr.）Focke的全草。具有清热解毒，凉血止血，散瘀消肿的功效。主治热病，惊痫，感冒，痢疾，黄疸，目赤，口疮，咽痛，痄腮，疖肿，毒蛇咬伤，吐血，崩漏，月经不调，烫火伤，跌打肿痛。
She-mei, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the whole plant of the Rosaceae plant Duchesneaindica (Andr.) Focke. It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxification, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and dispersing stasis and reducing swelling. It is mainly used for treating febrile diseases, epilepsy, colds, dysentery, jaundice, conjunctivitis, oral ulcers, sore throat, mumps, abscesses, snake bites, hematemesis, menorrhagia, irregular menstruation, burns, and traumatic swelling and pain.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，凉血止血，散瘀消肿。主治
Clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, dispersing stasis and reducing swelling. Mainly used for...

热病，惊痫，感冒，痢疾，黄疸，目赤，口疮，咽痛，痄腮，疖肿，毒蛇咬伤，吐血，崩漏，月经不调，烫火伤，跌打肿痛。用法用量
Fever, epilepsy, common cold, dysentery, jaundice, red eyes, mouth ulcers, sore throat, mumps, abscesses, snake bites, vomiting blood, menorrhagia, burns, bruises and swelling from falls. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，9-15g，鲜品30-60g；或捣汁饮。外用：适量，捣敷或研末撒。化学成分
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g dried or 30-60g fresh; or pounded for juice. External use: appropriate amount, pounded for application or powdered for sprinkling. Chemical composition.

全草含甲氧基去氢胆甾醇，低聚缩合鞣质，并没食子鞣质，总蛋白，总非结构性碳水化合物，没食子酸，己糖，戊糖，糖醛酸，蛋白质，蛋白质鞣质多糖，酚性物质，又含熊果酸，委陵菜酸，野蔷薇葡萄糖酯，刺梨甙F，6-甲氧基柚皮素，杜鹃素，β-谷甾醇，硬脂酸，白桦甙，蛇莓并没食子甙A、B，山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖甙及山柰酚-3-O-刺槐二糖甙。药理作用
The whole plant contains methoxylated dehydrotrametenolic acid, oligomeric condensed tannins, but no ellagitannins, total protein, total non-structural carbohydrates, ellagic acid, galactose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, proteins, protein tannin polysaccharides, phenolic substances, as well as ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, wild rose glucoside, betulinic acid, 6-methoxy hesperetin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, stearic acid, betulin, and no ellagic acid A and B, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside of robinin. Pharmacological effects.

1、抗癌作用：蛇莓水提取物5mg/ml，10mg/ml作用于体外培养的人食管癌Eca-109细胞系，使其分裂指数明显抑制；10mg/ml和15mg/ml可使Eca-109细胞密度降低，结构模糊，作用48h后，细胞集落形成明显抑制，15mg/ml可使细胞完全丧失再繁殖能力；10mg/ml、15mg/ml对Eca-109细胞DNA合成（3H-TdR标记）有轻度抑制作用，说明蛇莓对食管癌细胞的作用可能主要是通过抑制细胞分裂和DNA合成两条途径。其多糖部分对移植S180肉瘤小鼠，在100mg/kg，200mg/kg时，显示出明显的抗肿瘤活性。2、增强免疫功能：蛇莓流浸膏（2g/ml）显著升高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬机能，表现为胞体显著增大，每个胞体吞噬的鸡红细胞达7-8个之多，但各级消化状态与对照组无显著差异。3、抗菌作用：蛇莓中分离的F-Ⅰ、F-Ⅱ、F-Ⅲ部分对金黄色葡萄球菌和志贺痢疾杆菌的生长呈抑制阳性，对绿脓杆菌呈弱阳性，对沙门副伤寒菌呈阴性。其F-Ⅴ部分对金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌呈强阳性抑制生长，其抗菌活性存在于水溶性部分和不能溶于水但能溶于丙酮的部分。此外，其（0.5g/ml浓度以上）对白喉杆菌有抑制作用（塑料泡沫渗透-抑菌环法）。4、对心血管系统作用：其流浸膏对麻醉狗或兔有短暂的降压作用，并与剂量相关。对心脏收缩（狗）和心率（豚鼠）有抑制作用，并有增加冠脉流量作用。5、对平滑肌的作用：其流浸膏对离体肠仅使收缩振幅增大，张力无明显变化，且有随剂量增大抑制张力的作用；对家兔、豚鼠及大鼠的离体子宫均呈兴奋作用，0.2ml/50ml（含生药0.4g）的作用强度与1u垂体后叶素近似，妥拉苏林（0.25mg/50ml）不能对抗其此种作用，在体（兔）试验表明其流浸膏2ml/kg与垂体后叶素1u/kg作用强度相似。对豚鼠离体气管无明显影响。6、其他作用：蛇莓乙醚提取部分有雄激素样和组胺样效果。对红细胞膜无保护作用。毒理作用

1. Anticancer effects: Snakeberry water extract at concentrations of 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml exerted significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation index of the human esophageal cancer Eca-109 cell line in vitro. Treatment with 10mg/ml and 15mg/ml resulted in decreased cell density and blurred cell structure. After 48 hours, cell colony formation was significantly inhibited, and 15mg/ml completely abolished the cells' ability to reproduce. The 10mg/ml and 15mg/ml concentrations mildly inhibited DNA synthesis (labeled with 3H-TdR), indicating that the action of snakeberry on esophageal cancer cells may mainly occur through inhibiting cell division and DNA synthesis pathways. The polysaccharide component showed significant antitumor activity in S180 sarcoma transplanted mice at doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg.2. Enhanced immune function: Snakeberry decoction (2g/ml) significantly increased the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages in mice, with visibly enlarged cell bodies capable of engulfing 7-8 chicken red blood cells per cell. However, the digestion status at various levels showed no significant difference compared to the control group.3. Antibacterial effects: Fractions F-I, F-II, and F-III isolated from snakeberry exhibited inhibitory effects on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae, weakly positive effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and negative effects on Salmonella typhimurium. Fraction F-V showed strong positive inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity was present in the water-soluble fraction and the fraction insoluble in water but soluble in acetone. Additionally, concentrations above 0.5g/ml showed inhibitory effects on Corynebacterium diphtheriae (plastic foam penetration-antibacterial ring method).4. Effects on the cardiovascular system: Snakeberry decoction had a transient hypotensive effect on anesthetized dogs or rabbits, which was dose-dependent. It exhibited inhibitory effects on cardiac contraction (in dogs) and heart rate (in guinea pigs) and increased coronary blood flow.5. Effects on smooth muscle: Snakeberry decoction only increased the contraction amplitude of isolated intestines without significant changes in tension. It showed an inhibitory effect on tension with increasing doses. It had excitatory effects on isolated uteri of rabbits, guinea pigs, and rats. The strength of the effect at 0.2ml/50ml (containing 0.4g of the herb) was similar to 1u of posterior pituitary extract. Terbutaline (0.25mg/50ml) could not counteract this effect. In vivo (rabbit) experiments showed that 2ml/kg of snakeberry decoction had a similar effect strength to 1u/kg of posterior pituitary extract. It had no significant effect on isolated guinea pig trachea.6. Other effects: The ethyl ether extract of snakeberry had androgen-like and histamine-like effects. It did not have a protective effect on red blood cell membranes. Toxicological effects were observed.

其注射剂给小鼠腹腔注射达450g（生药）/kg，未见死亡；静脉注射（0.3ml/只）无异常或死亡。其流浸膏给小鼠灌服50g/kg14d，未见异常和中毒。相关论述
The injection was administered to mice via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 450g (crude drug)/kg, with no deaths observed; intravenous injection (0.3ml/each) showed no abnormalities or deaths. The decoction was orally administered to mice at a dose of 50g/kg for 14 days, with no abnormalities or signs of toxicity observed. Relevant discussion.

1、《本草经集注》：“疗溪毒射工，伤寒大热甚良。”2、《食疗本草》：“主胸胃热气，有蛇残不得食，主孩子口噤。”3、《生草药性备要》：“治洗蛇莓注烂，散毒，干水。”4、《药性考》：“热病可施，（治）伤寒狂躁，囗噤口糜。”5、《四川中药志》1960年版：“清热破积，凉血。治惊痫寒热，涂蛇蝎、毒虫咬伤，虚弱咳嗽。”6、《湖南药物志》：“散瘀止血，拔毒生肌，除风凉血，退热止痛，燥湿杀虫。主治眼痛，中暑。雷公藤及磷砒中毒，打伤。”7、《天目山药用植物志》：“泻热，敷烫伤。治小儿高热惊风，痢疾。”8、《浙江民间常用草药》：“治急性喉炎，扁桃体炎，流火，角膜炎，结膜炎，带状疱疹，疖子，冻疮。”9、《上海常用中草药》：“主治癌肿，疔疮，瘰疬。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Compendium of Materia Medica Annotations": "Effective for treating snake venom and severe heat in typhoid fever."2. "Dietary Materia Medica": "Mainly used for chest and stomach heat, inability to eat due to snake bites, and infantile trismus."3. "Essential Characteristics of Medicinal Herbs": "Used to treat snake bites that cause ulceration, disperse toxins, and dry up water."4. "Study on Medicinal Properties": "Can be used for treating heat-related diseases, mania in typhoid fever, and oral ulcers."5. "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records" 1960 Edition: "Clears heat, resolves accumulation, cools blood. Treats epilepsy, fever, snake bites, scorpion stings, weak cough."6. "Hunan Pharmacopoeia": "Dispels stasis, stops bleeding, detoxifies, promotes tissue regeneration, dispels wind, cools blood, reduces fever, relieves pain, dries dampness, kills parasites. Mainly used for eye pain, heatstroke, Lei Gong Teng and arsenic poisoning, and injuries."7. "Medicinal Plants of Tianmu Mountain": "Purges heat, applies to burns. Treats high fever and convulsions in children, dysentery."8. "Common Folk Herbs in Zhejiang": "Used for acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis, erysipelas, keratitis, conjunctivitis, herpes zoster, furuncles, chilblains."9. "Common Chinese Herbs in Shanghai": "Mainly used for treating tumors, carbuncles, and scrofula." Clinical applications and related compatibility.

1、治感冒发热咳嗽：（蛇莓）鲜品30-60g。水煎服。（《山西中草药》）2、治痢疾，肠炎：（蛇莓）全草15-30g。水煎服。（《浙江民间常用草药》）3、治黄疸：（蛇莓）全草15-30g。水煎服。（《广西中草药》）4、治火眼肿痛或起云翳：鲜蛇莓适量，捣烂如泥，稍加鸡蛋清搅匀，敷眼皮上。5、治咽喉痛：蛇莓适量，研细面，每服6g，开水冲服。（4-5方出自《河南中草药手册》）6、治对口疮：鲜蛇莓、马樱丹叶各等量，饭粒少许，同捣烂敷患处。（《福建药物志》）7、治腮腺炎：蛇莓（鲜）30-60g，加盐少许同捣烂外敷。（江西《草药手册》）8、治带状疱疹：（蛇莓）鲜全草捣烂，取汁外敷。（《浙江民间常用草药》）9、治乳痈：鲜蛇莓30-60g。酒水煎服。（《甘肃中草药手册》）10、治瘰疬：（蛇莓）鲜草30-60g，洗净，煎服。（《上海常用中草药》）11、治吐血，咯血：鲜蛇莓草30-60g。捣烂绞汁1杯，冰糖少许炖服。（《闽东本草》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. Treatment for cold with fever and cough: Fresh snakeberry 30-60g. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Shanxi Herbal Medicine")2. Treatment for dysentery and enteritis: Whole snakeberry plant 15-30g. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Common Folk Herbal Medicine in Zhejiang")3. Treatment for jaundice: Whole snakeberry plant 15-30g. Decoction for oral administration. (From "Guangxi Herbal Medicine")4. Treatment for eye inflammation, swelling, or cloudiness: Use appropriate amount of fresh snakeberry, mash into a paste, mix with a little egg white, and apply on the eyelids.5. Treatment for sore throat: Take appropriate amount of snakeberry, grind into fine powder, take 6g each time, and drink with boiling water. (Sources 4-5 are from "Henan Herbal Medicine Handbook")6. Treatment for oral ulcers: Mix appropriate amounts of fresh snakeberry and Japanese honeysuckle leaves, mash into a paste, and apply on the affected area. (From "Fujian Pharmacopoeia")7. Treatment for parotitis: Fresh snakeberry 30-60g, add a little salt, mash into a paste, and apply externally. (From "Jiangxi Herbal Medicine Handbook")8. Treatment for herpes zoster: Mash fresh snakeberry into a paste, extract the juice, and apply externally. (From "Common Folk Herbal Medicine in Zhejiang")9. Treatment for breast abscess: Fresh snakeberry 30-60g. Decoction in alcohol and water for oral administration. (From "Gansu Herbal Medicine Handbook")10. Treatment for scrofula: Fresh snakeberry plant 30-60g, wash clean, and decoct for oral administration. (From "Common Herbal Medicine in Shanghai")11. Treatment for hematemesis and hemoptysis: Fresh snakeberry plant 30-60g. Mash and squeeze out 1 cup of juice, stew with a little rock sugar for oral administration. (From "Min Dong Materia Medica") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

6-11月釆收全草，洗净，晒干或鲜用。炮制方法
Harvest the whole plant from June to November, wash it clean, and then dry it in the sun or use it fresh. Processing method:

取原药材，除去杂质，抢水洗净，稍润，切中段。干燥，筛去灰屑。保存方法
Collect the original medicinal herbs, remove impurities, rinse with water, slightly moisten, and cut into sections. Dry them, sift out the debris. Storage method.

贮干燥容器内，置阴凉干燥处。药材鉴别 药材性状
Store in a dry container and place in a cool and dry area. Identification of medicinal herbs and their characteristics.

全草多缠绕成团，被白色毛茸，具匍匐茎，叶互生。三出复叶，基生叶的叶柄长6-10cm，小叶多皱缩，完整者倒卵形，长1.5-4cm，宽1-3cm，基部偏斜，边缘有钝齿，表面黄绿色，上面近无毛，下面被疏毛。花单生于叶腋，具长柄。聚合果棕红色，瘦果小，花萼宿存。气微，味微涩。植物学信息 植物种属
The whole plant of this herbaceous plant is tangled into a cluster, covered with white hairs, with creeping stems and opposite leaves. It has trifoliate compound leaves, with the petiole of basal leaves being 6-10cm long. The leaflets are often wrinkled, with intact ones being inverted ovate, 1.5-4cm long and 1-3cm wide, slightly oblique at the base, with blunt teeth on the edges. The upper surface is yellowish-green, nearly hairless, and sparsely hairy on the lower surface. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils, with long pedicels. The aggregate fruit is reddish-brown, with small drupes and persistent calyx. It has a mild aroma and a slightly astringent taste. This is the botanical information of the plant species.

薔薇科蛇莓属蛇莓。形态特征
The Rubus genus in the Rosaceae family includes raspberries. Morphological characteristics.

多年生草本。根茎短，粗壮。匍匐茎多数，长30-100cm，有柔毛，在节处生不定根。基生叶数个，茎生叶互生，均为三出复叶；叶柄长1-5cm，有柔毛；托叶窄卵形到宽披针形，长5-8mm；小叶片具小叶柄，倒卵形至菱状长圆形，长2-3cm，宽1-3cm，先端钝，边缘有钝锯齿，两面均有柔毛或上面无毛。花单生于叶腋；直径1.5-2.5cm；花梗长3-6cm，有柔毛；萼片5，卵形，长4-6mm，先端锐尖，外面有散生柔毛；副萼片5，倒卵形，长5-8mm，比萼片长，先端常具3-5锯齿；花瓣5，倒卵形，长为5-10mm，黄色，先端圆钝；雄蕊20-30；心皮多数，离生；花托在果期膨大，海绵质，鲜红色，有光泽，直径10-20mm，外面有长柔毛。瘦果卵形，长约1.5mm，光滑或具不明显突起，鲜时有光泽。花期6-8月，果期8-10月。分布区域
Perennial herb. Short, stout rhizomes. Numerous creeping stems, 30-100cm long, with soft hairs, producing adventitious roots at the nodes. Several basal leaves, stem leaves alternate, all trifoliate; petioles 1-5cm long, with soft hairs; stipules narrow ovate to broadly lanceolate, 5-8mm long; leaflets with petiolules, ovate to rhombic-elliptic, 2-3cm long, 1-3cm wide, obtuse at the apex, margins with obtuse serrations, both surfaces with soft hairs or upper surface glabrous. Flowers solitary in leaf axils; 1.5-2.5cm in diameter; peduncles 3-6cm long, with soft hairs; sepals 5, ovate, 4-6mm long, acute at the apex, scattered soft hairs on the outside; bracteoles 5, obovate, 5-8mm long, longer than sepals, often with 3-5 serrations at the apex; petals 5, obovate, 5-10mm long, yellow, rounded at the apex; stamens 20-30; carpels numerous, separate; receptacle enlarged in fruit, spongy, bright red, shiny, 10-20mm in diameter, with long soft hairs on the outside. Achenes ovoid, about 1.5mm long, smooth or with inconspicuous protuberances, shiny when fresh. Flowering period from June to August, fruiting period from August to October. Distribution area.

产辽宁以南各地。生长环境
Distributed in various regions south of Liaoning Province. Growing environment.

生于山坡、河岸、草地、潮湿的地方。生长见习
Born on mountain slopes, riverbanks, grasslands, and damp places. Grows in a trial and error manner.

性耐寒，喜生于阴湿环境，常生于沟边潮湿草地。对土壤要求不严，但以肥沃、疏松湿润的砂质壤土为好。繁殖方式
It is resistant to cold and prefers to grow in shady and damp environments, often found in moist grasslands along ditches. It does not have strict requirements for soil, but prefers fertile, loose, and moist sandy loam. It reproduces by

用种子或分株繁殖。栽培技术
Propagate by seeds or division. Cultivation techniques.

播种在秋季进行，可播于露地苗床，亦可于室内盆播。其匍匐茎节处着土后可萌生新根形成新植株，将幼小新植株另行栽植即为分株，按30cmn×30cm的行株距种植即可。
Sowing can be done in autumn, either in open seedbeds or in indoor pots. New roots can sprout from the nodes of the creeping stems when they come into contact with soil, forming new plants. These young new plants can be transplanted separately to propagate. Planting with a spacing of 30cm x 30cm between rows is recommended.