野苋菜，中药名。为苋科植物凹头苋Amaranthuslividus和反枝苋Amaranthusretroflexus的全草或根。凹头苋分布于全国各地；反枝苋分布于东北、华北、西北及山东、台湾、河南等地。具有清热解毒，利尿之功效。用于痢疾，腹泻，疔疮肿毒，毒蛇咬伤，蜂螫伤，小便不利，水肿。
Ye-xian-cai, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant or roots of the Amaranthus lividus and Amaranthus retroflexus, both of which belong to the Amaranthaceae family. Amaranthus lividus is distributed throughout the country, while Amaranthus retroflexus is found in the northeast, north China, northwest, Shandong, Taiwan, Henan, and other areas. It has the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, and diuresis. It is used for dysentery, diarrhea, carbuncles, swelling and toxicity, snake bites, bee stings, urinary difficulties, and edema.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，利尿。主治
Clearing heat, detoxifying, and promoting diuresis. Mainly used for治疗.

用于痢疾，腹泻，疔疮肿毒，毒蛇咬伤，蜂螫伤，小便不利，水肿。用法用量
Indicated for dysentery, diarrhea, carbuncles, abscesses, snake bites, bee stings, difficult urination, and edema. Dosage and administration: ...

内服：煎汤，9-30g；捣汁。外用：适量，捣敷。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 9-30g; juice after pounding. External use: Appropriate amount, apply after pounding. Precautions.

气虚、寒湿久痢忌服。相关论述
Deficiency of Qi, prolonged diarrhea caused by cold and dampness should avoid certain types of medication.

《中国药用植物图鉴》：“缓和止痛，收敛，利尿，解热。”临床应用 相关配伍
"Chinese Medicinal Plant Atlas": "Soothes pain, astringes, diuresis, and reduces fever." Clinical applications and related compatibility.

1、治痢疾：凹头苋30g，车前子15g。水煎服。（《河南中草药》）2、治痔疮肿痛：鲜野苋菜根30-60g，猪大肠1段。水煎，饭前服。3、治蛇头疔：鲜野苋叶和食盐捣烂敷患处。（2-3方出自《福建中草药》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. Treatment for dysentery: 30g of Portulaca oleracea with concave heads, and 15g of Plantago asiatica. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Henan Chinese Herbal Medicine")2. Treatment for painful hemorrhoids: 30-60g of fresh wild amaranth roots, and a section of pig large intestine. Decoct in water and take before meals.3. Treatment for carbuncle caused by snake bite: Mash fresh wild amaranth leaves with salt and apply to the affected area. (The second and third remedies are from "Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

春、夏、秋季采收，洗净，鲜用。药材鉴别 药材性状
Harvest in spring, summer, and autumn, wash and use fresh. Identification of medicinal materials and their properties.

1、凹头苋，主根较直。茎长10-30cm，基部分枝，淡绿色至暗紫色。叶片皱缩，展平后卵形或菱状卵形，长1．5-4．5cm，宽1-3cm，先端凹缺，有1芒尖，或不显，基部阔楔形；叶柄与叶片近等长。穗状花序。胞果扁卵形，不裂，近平滑。气微，味淡。2、反枝苋，主根较直。茎长20-80cm，稍具钝棱，被短柔毛。叶片皱缩，展平后菱状卵形或椭圆形，长5-12cm，宽2-5cm，先端微凸，具小凸尖，两面和边缘有柔毛；叶柄长1．5-5．5cm。圆锥花序。胞果扁卵形，盖裂。气徽，味淡。植物学信息 植物种属

1. Amaranthus blitum has a main taproot that is relatively straight. The stem is 10-30cm long, with branching at the base, ranging in color from light green to dark purple. The leaves are wrinkled, ovate or rhombic-ovate when flattened, 1.5-4.5cm long and 1-3cm wide, with a concave apex, one mucronate or inconspicuous, and a broad wedge-shaped base; the petiole is nearly equal in length to the leaf blade. It has a spicate inflorescence. The utricle is flattened-ovate, not dehiscent, and nearly smooth. It has a mild odor and a bland taste.2. Amaranthus viridis has a main taproot that is relatively straight. The stem is 20-80cm long, slightly obtusely angled, and covered with short soft hairs. The leaves are wrinkled, rhombic-ovate or elliptic when flattened, 5-12cm long and 2-5cm wide, with a slightly convex apex, small acute tips, and soft hairs on both surfaces and edges; the petiole is 1.5-5.5cm long. It has a conical inflorescence. The utricle is flattened-ovate and dehiscent. It has a faint odor and a bland taste. Botanical information on plant species.

苋科植物凹头苋和反枝苋。形态特征
Amaranthaceae plants include Amaranthus tricolor and Amaranthus retroflexus. Morphological characteristics.

1、凹头苋，一年生草本，高10-30厘米，全体无毛；茎伏卧而上升，从基部分枝，淡绿色或紫红色。叶片卵形或菱状卵形，长1.5-4.5厘米，宽1-3厘米，顶端凹缺，有1芒尖，或微小不显，基部宽楔形，全缘或稍呈波状；叶柄长1-3.5厘米。花成腋生花簇，直至下部叶的腋部，生在茎端和枝端者成直立穗状花序或圆锥花序；苞片及小苞片矩圆形，长不及1毫米；花被片矩圆形或披针形，长1.2-1.5毫米，淡绿色，顶端急尖，边缘内曲，背部有1隆起中脉；雄蕊比花被片稍短；柱头3或2,果熟时脱落。胞果扁卵形，长3毫米，不裂，微皱缩而近平滑，超出宿存花被片。种子环形，直径约12毫米，黑色至黑褐色，边缘具环状边。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。2、反枝苋又名：西风古，红苋菜。一年生草本，高20-80厘米，有时达1米多；茎直立，粗壮，单一或分枝，淡绿色，有时具带紫色条纹，稍具钝棱，密生短柔毛。叶片菱状卵形或椭圆状卵形，长5-12厘米，宽2-5厘米，顶端锐尖或尖凹，有小凸尖，基部楔形，全缘或波状缘，两面及边缘有柔毛，下面毛较密；叶柄长1.5-5.5厘米，淡绿色，有时淡紫色，有柔毛。圆锥花序顶生及腋生，直立，直径2-4厘米，由多数穗状花序形成，顶生花穗较侧生者长；苞片及小苞片钻形，长4-6毫米，白色，背面有1龙骨状突起，伸出顶端成白色尖芒；花被片矩圆形或矩圆状倒卵形，长2-2.5毫米，薄膜质，白色，有1淡绿色细中脉，顶端急尖或尖凹，具凸尖；雄蕊比花被片稍长；柱头3，有时2。胞果扁卵形，长约1.5毫米，环状横裂，薄膜质，淡绿色，包裹在宿存花被片内。种子近球形，直径1毫米，棕色或黑色，边缘钝。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。分布区域

1. Amaranthus blitum, an annual herb, grows 10-30 centimeters tall, with a smooth surface throughout. The stem is prostrate and ascending, branching from the base, and is light green or purple-red in color. The leaf blade is ovate or rhombic-ovate, 1.5-4.5 centimeters long, 1-3 centimeters wide, with a concave apex, one awn tip, or slightly inconspicuous, a wide wedge-shaped base, entire or slightly undulating margins; petiole 1-3.5 centimeters long. Flowers are clustered in axillary clusters, extending to the axils of lower leaves, with those at the stem and branch tips forming erect spike-like or conical inflorescences; bracts and bracteoles are rectangular or circular, less than 1 millimeter long; tepals are rectangular or lanceolate, 1.2-1.5 millimeters long, light green, acute at the apex, inwardly curved at the margin, with a raised midvein on the back; stamens slightly shorter than tepals; stigmas 3 or 2, falling off when the fruit ripens. Utricle is flattened-ovate, 3 millimeters long, not splitting, slightly wrinkled and nearly smooth, exceeding the persistent tepals. Seeds are annular, about 12 millimeters in diameter, black to dark brown, with a ring-shaped edge. Flowering occurs from July to August, and fruiting from August to September.2. Amaranthus retroflexus, also known as Red-root Amaranth or Pigweed, is an annual herb, growing 20-80 centimeters tall, sometimes reaching over 1 meter; stem erect, stout, single or branched, light green, sometimes with purple stripes, slightly angular, densely covered with short soft hairs. The leaf blade is rhombic-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5-12 centimeters long, 2-5 centimeters wide, acute or concave at the apex, with small acute tips, wedge-shaped base, entire or undulating margin, with soft hairs on both sides and edges, denser on the lower surface; petiole 1.5-5.5 centimeters long, light green, sometimes pale purple, with soft hairs. The conical inflorescences are terminal and axillary, erect, 2-4 centimeters in diameter, formed by numerous spike-like inflorescences, with the terminal inflorescence longer than the lateral ones; bracts and bracteoles are lanceolate, 4-6 millimeters long, white, with a dorsal keel-like protrusion on the back, extending into a white sharp awn at the tip; tepals are rectangular or rectangular-ovate, 2-2.5 millimeters long, membranous, white, with a faint green midvein, acute or concave at the apex, with acute tips; stamens slightly longer than tepals; stigmas 3, sometimes 2. Utricle is flattened-ovate, about 1.5 millimeters long, transversely ruptured, membranous, light green, enveloped within the persistent tepals. Seeds are nearly spherical, 1 millimeter in diameter, brown or black, with blunt edges. Flowering occurs from July to August, and fruiting from August to September. Distribution area.

1、凹头苋：分布于全国各地。2、反枝苋：分布于东北、华北、西北及山东、台湾、河南等地。生长环境

1. Amaranthus blitum: distributed throughout the country.2. Amaranthus retroflexus: distributed in the Northeast, North China, Northwest, Shandong, Taiwan, Henan, and other regions. Growing environment.

1、凹头苋生于庭园、路边等处。2、反枝苋：生于旷野、田间或村舍附近草地。

1. The purslane with concave heads grows in gardens, along roadsides, and other places.2. The purslane with opposite branches grows in the wilderness, fields, or grasslands near villages.