土茶，中药名。为黄腾科黄牛木属植物红芽木Cratoxylumformosum（Jack）Dyersubsp.pruniflorum（Kurz）Gogelin的嫩叶。植物红芽木，分布于我国海南，自泰国、老挝、柬埔寨，经越南、马来西亚、印度尼西亚至菲律宾也有分布。具有解暑清热，化湿消滞之功效。主治感冒，中暑发热，黄疸，急性胃肠炎，阿米巴痢疾，疮疖。
Tu-cha, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. efers to the tender leaves of the plant Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer subsp. pruniflorum (Kurz) Gogel, a member of the Hypericaceae family. This plant is distributed in Hainan, China, and also found in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It is known for its ability to relieve summer heat, clear heat, and dampness. It is used to treat conditions such as colds, heatstroke, jaundice, acute gastroenteritis, amoebic dysentery, and carbuncles.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

解暑清热，化湿消滞。
Relieve summer heat, clear heat, eliminate dampness, and resolve stagnation.

主治 Indications

感冒，中暑发热，黄疸，急性胃肠炎，阿米巴痢疾，疮疖。
The common cold, heatstroke with fever, jaundice, acute gastroenteritis, amoebic dysentery, and boils or carbuncles.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3～10g。
Internal use: Decoction, 3–10g.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春秋季采收，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in spring and autumn, used fresh or sun-dried.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：黄藤科黄牛木属植物红芽木。
Species: Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer, family Hypericaceae (formerly Clusiaceae), genus Cratoxylum.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

落叶灌木或乔木，高3～6米，全体无毛，树干下部有水平向的长枝刺，皮层片状剥落。小枝对生，略扁，多少呈四棱形，枝条圆柱形。叶片椭圆形或长圆形，长4～10厘米，宽2～4厘米，先端钝形或急尖，基部圆形，两面无毛，上面绿色，下面淡绿色，有透明的腺点，中脉在上面凹陷，下面凸起，侧脉每边8～10条，开展，近叶缘弧状网结，小脉网结；叶柄长5～7毫米，无毛。花序为花5～8朵聚集而成的团伞花序，生于脱落叶痕腋内。花直径1.3厘米；花梗长3～5毫米。萼片椭圆形或长圆状披针形，长5～6毫米，宽2～3毫米，先端钝形。花瓣倒卵形或倒卵状长圆形，长11～15毫米，上半部边缘有小缘毛及褐色小斑点，基部狭爪状，有鳞片，鳞片不明显，楔形，顶端截平且具小齿，长约2毫米。雄蕊束3，长约10毫米，花丝离生，与雄蕊束柄等长，每束有花药约20～30个，药隔无腺体。下位肉质腺体舌状，向上渐狭，长1～1.5毫米。子房长锥形，长约4毫米，无毛，3室；花柱3，自基部叉开，与子房近等长。蒴果椭圆形，长15毫米，宽达6毫米，顶端略尖，下部1/2被宿存的花萼所包被，黑褐色，无毛。种子每室6～8颗，倒卵形，长约7毫米，宽3毫米，基部狭爪状，不对称，一侧具翅。花期3～4月，果期5月以后。
Deciduous shrub or small tree, 3–6 meters tall, entirely glabrous, with long horizontal thorns on the lower trunk and exfoliating bark. Twigs are opposite, slightly flattened, somewhat quadrangular, and cylindrical. Leaves are elliptic or oblong, 4–10 cm long, 2–4 cm wide, with a blunt or acute apex and rounded base; both surfaces are glabrous, green above, pale green beneath, with translucent glandular dots; midvein is sunken above and raised below; lateral veins 8–10 pairs per side, spreading and forming arcuate networks near the margin; petiole 5–7 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence is a corymb of 5–8 flowers arising from leaf axils of fallen leaves. Flowers 1.3 cm in diameter; pedicels 3–5 mm long. Sepals elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 5–6 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, apex obtuse. Petals obovate or oblanceolate, 11–15 mm long, with fine ciliate margins and brownish spots on upper half; clawed at base, bearing inconspicuous wedge-shaped scales with truncate apex and small teeth, about 2 mm long. Stamens in 3 bundles, ca. 10 mm long; filaments free, equaling staminal column; each bundle containing 20–30 anthers; connective lacking glands. Hypogynous fleshy glands tongue-shaped, gradually narrowing upward, 1–1.5 mm long. Ovary conical, ca. 4 mm long, glabrous, 3-celled; styles 3, diverging from base, nearly as long as ovary. Capsule ellipsoid, 15 mm long, up to 6 mm wide, apex slightly pointed, lower half enclosed by persistent calyx, dark brown, glabrous. Seeds 6–8 per locule, obovoid, ca. 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, narrowed into a claw at base, asymmetrical, one side winged. Flowering from March to April; fruiting after May.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于我国海南，自泰国、老挝、柬埔寨，经越南、马来西亚、印度尼西亚至菲律宾也有分布。
Found in Hainan Province, China, and distributed from Thailand, Laos, Cambodia through Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, to the Philippines.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于灌丛中，海拔600米以下。
Grows in thickets, at elevations below 600 meters.