三羽叉蕨，中药名。为三叉蕨科植物三叉蕨Tectariasubtriphylla(Hook.etArn.)Copel.[PolypodiumsubtriphyllaHook.etArn.]的叶。分布于华南、西南及福建、台湾等地。具有祛风除湿，解毒止血之功效。常用于风湿骨痛，痢疾，外伤出血，毒蛇咬伤。
San-yu-cha-jue, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the leaves of Tectaria subtriphylla (Hook.et Arn.) Copel. [Polypodium subtriphylla Hook.et Arn.], a plant in the family Tectariaceae, is distributed in South China, Southwest China, Fujian, Taiwan, and other regions. It is known for its effects of dispelling wind and dampness, detoxification, and stopping bleeding. It is commonly used for rheumatic pain, dysentery, external bleeding, and snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿，解毒止血。
Dispelling wind and dampness, detoxifying and stopping bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于风湿骨痛，痢疾，外伤出血，毒蛇咬伤。
Used for rheumatic bone pain, dysentery, external traumatic bleeding, and snake bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷；或干品研末撒。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g. External use: appropriate amount, fresh product mashed for application; or dried product powdered for sprinkling.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《新华本草纲要》：“味涩，性平。有祛风除湿，止血、解毒的功效。用于风湿骨痛、痢疾、刀伤、毒蛇咬伤。”
"New Compilation of Materia Medica": "Astringent in taste, neutral in nature. It has the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, stopping bleeding, and detoxifying. Used for rheumatic bone pain, dysentery, knife wounds, and snake bites."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治风湿骨痛：三羽叉蕨15g，下延崖角藤15g。煎服。（《中国药用孢子植物》）

1. Treatment for rheumatic bone pain: 15g of Tectaria subtriphylla, 15g of Rhaphidophora decursiva. Decoct and take orally. (From "Chinese Medicinal Spore Plants")

2、治痢疾：三羽叉蕨15g，小飞扬15g。煎服。（《中国药用孢子植物》）
2. Treatment for dysentery: 15g of Tectaria subtriphylla, 15g of Phyllanthus urinaria. Decoct and take orally. (From "Chinese Medicinal Spore Plants")

3、治刀伤：三羽叉蕨，晒干为末。敷伤处。（《中国药用孢子植物》）
3. Treatment for knife wounds: Tectaria subtriphylla, dried and ground into powder. Apply to the wound. (From "Chinese Medicinal Spore Plants")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，鲜用或晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Collect in summer or autumn, use fresh or sun-dried.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Material

药材性状：叶柄略扭曲，长20-30cm，表面褐棕色，基部有鳞片。叶片常皱缩，展平后呈三角状五角形，长25-35cm，宽20-25cm，羽状复叶；顶片三角形，羽状深裂，有柄；侧羽片1-2对，下部羽片有柄，卵状三角形，长达16cm，宽达12cm，第2对羽片披针形，浅羽裂；叶脉网状。网脉交叉处可见散生的孢子囊群。气微，味涩。
Characteristics: Petiole slightly twisted, 20–30 cm long, surface brownish-brown with scales at the base. Leaf blade often wrinkled, when flattened triangular-pentagonal, 25–35 cm long, 20–25 cm wide, pinnately compound; terminal leaflet triangular, deeply pinnatifid, petiolate; 1–2 pairs of lateral leaflets, lower ones petiolate, ovate-triangular, up to 16 cm long and 12 cm wide, second pair lanceolate, shallowly lobed; reticulate venation. Scattered sporangia visible at vein intersections. Slight odor, astringent taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：三叉蕨科植物三羽叉蕨（Tectaria subtriphylla）。
Species: Tectaria subtriphylla (Hope) Ching, belonging to the family Tectariaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

植株高40-80cm。根茎横生，粗壮，连同叶柄基部密被黑色、披针形至线形鳞片，全缘。叶近生；叶柄长20-50cm，棕禾秆色，向上疏被棕色、节状短毛；叶片三角状五角形，长25-35cm，宽20-25cm，上面无毛，下面仅中脉及小羽轴疏被短毛，二回羽裂；羽片1-2对，对生，有柄，顶生羽片三角形，长15-30cm，宽约15cm，先端渐尖，基部下延而呈楔形，羽状深裂或浅裂，基部1对裂片最大，叉状，侧生羽片的基部1对羽片最大，卵状三角形，两侧有1对平展的裂片，下侧1片较大；第2对羽片披针形，边缘浅羽裂；叶脉网状，两面较明显，网眼不整齐，内藏小脉稍有分叉。孢子囊群小，圆形，背生于网脉交结处；囊群盖圆肾形，早落。
The plant is 40–80 cm tall. Rhizome horizontal, thick and stout, densely covered with black, lanceolate to linear scales at the base of the petiole, entire margins. Leaves nearly clustered; petiole 20–50 cm long, straw-brown, sparsely covered with brown, nodular short hairs upward; blade triangular-pentagonal, 25–35 cm long, 20–25 cm wide, glabrous above, sparsely short-hairy only on midrib and minor rachises below, bipinnately lobed; 1–2 pairs of pinnae, opposite, stalked; terminal pinna triangular, 15–30 cm long, about 15 cm wide, apex gradually acuminate, base wedge-shaped and decurrent, deeply or shallowly pinnatifid, basal pair of lobes largest and forked; basal pair of lateral pinnae largest, ovate-triangular, with one pair of spreading lobes on each side, the lower lobe larger; second pair of pinnae lanceolate, margin shallowly lobed; veins reticulate, prominent on both surfaces, meshes irregular, included veins slightly branched. Sporangia small, round, borne on the junctions of reticulate veins; indusia reniform, early deciduous.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于华南、西南及福建、台湾等地。
Distributed in South China, Southwest China, Fujian, Taiwan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于林下溪沟边或湿石上。
Grows by streamsides in forests or on moist rocks.