蛇退步，中药名。为金星蕨科新月蕨属植物三羽新月蕨Pronephriumtriphyllum（Sw.）Holtt.的全草。植物三羽新月蕨，分布于广东、广西、福建、台湾、云南等地。具有清热解毒，散瘀消肿，化痰止咳之功效。主治痈疮疖肿，毒蛇咬伤，跌打损伤，湿疹，皮肤瘙痒，急、慢性气管炎。
She-tui-bu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. s the whole plant of Pronephrium triphyllum (Sw.) Holtt., a plant of the family Polypodiaceae. Pronephrium triphyllum is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan, and other places. It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxification, promoting blood circulation and reducing swelling, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. It is mainly used for treating carbuncles and furuncles, snake bites, bruises, eczema, itching, acute and chronic bronchitis.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，散瘀消肿，化痰止咳。
Clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, resolving phlegm and stopping cough.

主治 Indications

痈疮疖肿，毒蛇咬伤，跌打损伤，湿疹，皮肤瘙痒，急、慢性气管炎。
Boils, carbuncles, abscesses, snake bites, bruises, eczema, itchy skin, acute and chronic bronchitis.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g，鲜品30-60g。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g dried or 30-60g fresh. External use: appropriate amount, pounded for application.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《广东中药》：“解毒，消炎、消肿止痛。为疮科常用药，主治痈肿疮毒，疮疖，皮肤瘙痒，反胃，水肿。”
"Guangdong Chinese Medicine": "Detoxification, anti-inflammatory, reducing swelling and relieving pain. It is a commonly used medicine in the field of sores, mainly treating abscesses, swellings, ulcers, skin itching, nausea, and edema."

《广东中草药》：“治毒蛇咬伤，跌打损伤，湿疹，皮炎，痈疮疖肿。”
"Guangdong Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Used for treating snake bites, bruises, eczema, dermatitis, abscesses, and swellings."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治毒蛇咬伤，三羽新月蕨15g，半枝莲9g，垂盆草30g。煎服，并用适量捣敷患处。（《中国药用孢子植物》）

1. For treating snake bites, use 15g of Adiantum capillus-veneris, 9g of Scutellaria barbata, and 30g of Sedum sarmentosum. Decoct the herbs for oral administration, and apply an appropriate amount externally to the affected area. (From "Chinese Medicinal Spore Plants")

2、治急、慢性气管炎，三羽新月蕨9g，白毛夏枯草15g，千日红9g。煎服。（《中国药用孢子植物》）
2. For treating acute and chronic bronchitis, use 9g of Adiantum capillus-veneris, 15g of Prunella vulgaris var. maikoana, and 9g of Gomphrena globosa. Decoct the herbs for oral administration. (From "Chinese Medicinal Spore Plants")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：四季可采，鲜用或洗净晒干。
The herbs can be harvested in all seasons, and can be used fresh or washed, dried, and sun-dried.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：为金星蕨科新月蕨属植物三羽新月蕨。
The plant species is Adiantum trapeziforme, belonging to the genus Adiantum of the family Pteridaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

三羽新月蕨，别名三叶毛蕨（《广州植物志》），三叶新月蕨（《台湾植物志》）。植株高20-50厘米。根状茎细长横走，粗约2-3毫米，黑褐色，密被灰白色钩状短毛及棕色带毛的披针形鳞片。叶疏生，一型或近二型；叶柄长10-40厘米，粗1-1.5毫米，深禾秆色，基部疏被鳞片，通体密被钩状短毛；叶片长12-20厘米，下部宽7-11厘米，卵状三角形，长尾头，基部圆形，三出，侧生羽片一对（罕有2对），斜上，对生，长5-9厘米，中部宽1.5-2.5厘米，长圆披针形，短渐尖头，基部圆形或圆楔形，柄长1-2毫米，全缘；顶生羽片远较大，长15-18厘米，中部宽3-3.5厘米，披针形，渐尖头，基部圆形或圆楔形，柄长6-12毫米，边缘全缘或呈浅波状。叶脉下面较明显，侧脉斜展，并行，小脉在羽片中部通常8-9对，斜展或近平展，侧脉间基部有一个由小脉顶端相连形成的三角形网眼，其交结点延伸外行小脉和其余侧脉连结成近方形网眼。叶干后坚纸质，上面除沿主脉凹槽密被钩状毛外，其余光滑无毛，下面沿主脉、侧脉及小脉均被钩状毛，脉间也有稀疏的钩状毛。能育叶略高出于不育叶，有较长的柄，羽片较狭。孢子囊群生于小脉上，初为圆形，后变长形并成双汇合，无盖；孢子囊体上有2根钩状毛。
The plant known as Adiantum trapeziforme, also called Adiantum trapeziforme var. sinense in "Flora of Guangzhou" and Adiantum trapeziforme var. taiwanense in "Flora of Taiwan", grows 20–50 cm tall. Its rhizome is slender and creeping, about 2–3 mm thick, black-brown in color, densely covered with gray-white hooked short hairs and brownish hairy lanceolate scales. Leaves are sparse, monomorphic or nearly dimorphic; petioles are 10–40 cm long, 1–1.5 mm thick, dark straw-colored, sparsely scaly at the base, and densely covered with hooked short hairs throughout. Leaf blades are 12–20 cm long, 7–11 cm wide at the base, ovate-triangular, long-tailed, rounded at the base, tripinnate, with one pair (rarely two) of lateral pinnae, obliquely ascending, opposite, 5–9 cm long, 1.5–2.5 cm wide in the middle, lanceolate-ovate, shortly acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, stalked (1–2 mm), with entire margins. The apical pinna is much larger, 15–18 cm long, 3–3.5 cm wide in the middle, lanceolate, gradually acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, stalked (6–12 mm), margins entire or shallowly undulate. Veins are more prominent beneath; secondary veins are oblique and parallel; veinlets in the middle of pinnae usually number 8–9 pairs, oblique or nearly horizontal; at the base between secondary veins, a triangular mesh is formed by connected veinlet tips, whose junctions extend outward to connect with other veinlets forming nearly square meshes. When dry, the leaves become stiff and papery; upper surface is smooth except for dense hooked hairs along the groove of the main vein; lower surface bears hooked hairs along main, secondary, and finer veins, with sparse hooked hairs between the veins. Fertile leaves slightly exceed sterile ones in height, have longer petioles, and narrower pinnae. Sori are borne on veinlets, initially round, later elongated and fused in pairs, without indusia; each sporangium has two hooked hairs on top.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于广东、广西、福建、台湾、云南等地。
Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生林下，海拔120-600米。
Growing under the forest canopy, at an altitude of 120–600 meters above sea level.