青蒿子，中药名。为菊科植物黄花蒿ArtemisiaannuaL.的果实。分布于我国南北各地。具有清热明目，杀虫之功效。常用于劳热骨蒸，痢疾，恶疮，疥癣，风疹。
Qing-hao-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the fruit of the plant Artemisia annua L. of the Compositae family, distributed in various parts of China. It has the functions of clearing heat, improving vision, and killing parasites. It is commonly used for conditions such as fever due to overwork, dysentery, malignant sores, scabies, and rubella.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热明目，杀虫。
Clearing heat, improving vision, and killing parasites.

主治 Indications

用于劳热骨蒸，痢疾，恶疮，疥癣，风疹。
Used for bone steaming due to overwork, dysentery, malignant ulcers, scabies, and rubella.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3-6g；或研末。外用：适量，煎水洗。
Internal use: decoction, 3-6g; or powdered. External use: appropriate amount, decoct in water for washing.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《本草拾遗》：“主妇人血气腹内满，及冷热久痢。秋冬用子，春夏用苗，并捣绞汁服，或暴干为末，小便冲服，如觉冷用酒煮。”

1. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Used for women with fullness of blood and qi in the abdomen, as well as chronic dysentery with cold and heat. Use the seeds in autumn and winter, and the seedlings in spring and summer. Crush and squeeze the juice, or dry and grind into powder, then take with a strong diuretic effect. If feeling cold, use wine to cook."

2、《日华子》：“明目，开胃，炒用；治劳，壮健人小便浸用；治恶疮、疥癣、风疹、杀虱，煎洗。”
2. "Ri Huazi": "Clears the eyes, stimulates appetite, and is fried before use. It is used for treating fatigue, strengthening the body, and soaking for those with frequent urination. It is also used for treating ulcers, scabies, wind rash, killing lice, and for decoction and washing."

3、《纲目》：“功同(青蒿)叶。”
3. "Outline": "Has similar effects as (Artemisia annua) leaves."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治积热眼涩：采青蒿花或子，阴干为末，每井华水空心服二钱。（《十便良方》青金散）
Treatment for eyes with accumulated heat and dryness: Collect Artemisia annua flowers or fruits, dry them in the shade, grind them into powder, and take two qian (about 6 grams) of the powder on an empty stomach with boiled water. (Prescription: Qingjin San from "Ten Effective Formulas for Bowel Disorders")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：秋季果实成熟时，采取果枝，打下果实晒干。
Harvesting and processing: When the fruits ripen in autumn, pick the fruit branches, remove the fruits and dry them in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：瘦果矩圆形至椭圆形，微小，褐色。
Characteristics of medicinal material: The fruit is slender, rectangular to elliptical, small, and brown.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科植物黄花蒿。
Plant species: Artemisia annua, a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高40-150cm。全株具较强挥发油气味。茎直立，具纵条纹，多分枝，光滑无毛。基生叶平铺地面，开花时凋谢；茎生叶互生，幼时绿色，老时变为黄褐色，无毛，有短柄，向上渐无柄；叶片通常为三回羽状全裂，裂片短细，有极小粉末状短柔毛，上面深绿色，下面淡绿色，具细小的毛或粉末状腺状斑点；叶轴两侧具窄翅；茎上部的叶向上逐渐细小呈条形。头状花序细小，球形，径约2mm，具细软短梗，多数组成圆锥状；总苞小，球状，花全为管状花，黄色，外围为雌花，中央为两性花。瘦果椭圆形。花期8-10月，果期10-11月。
Annual herb, 40-150cm tall. The whole plant emits a strong volatile oil odor. The stem is erect, with longitudinal stripes, branching out, smooth and hairless. The basal leaves spread flat on the ground and wither when flowering; the stem leaves are alternate, green when young, turning yellow-brown when old, hairless, with short petioles, gradually becoming sessile upwards; the leaf blades are usually tri-pinnately lobed, with short and slender lobes, tiny powdery short soft hairs, dark green on the upper side, light green on the lower side, with tiny hairs or powdery glandular spots; the leaf axis has narrow wings on both sides; the upper leaves on the stem gradually become smaller and linear. The head-like inflorescence is small, spherical, about 2mm in diameter, with slender soft short pedicels, mostly arranged in a conical shape; the involucre is small and spherical, with all flowers tubular, yellow, with female flowers on the periphery and hermaphrodite flowers in the center. The achene is elliptical. Flowering period is from August to October, and fruiting period is from October to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于我国南北各地。
Distributed in various regions in the north and south of China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于旷野、山坡、路边、河岸等处。
Born in the wilderness, on mountain slopes, by the roadside, riverbanks, and other places.