土大黄，中药名。为蓼科酸模属植物钝叶酸模RumexobtusifoliusL.的根。植物钝叶酸模，分布于我国河北、山东、陕西、甘肃、江苏、浙江、江西、安徽、湖南、湖北及四川，日本、欧洲、非洲也有。具有清热解毒，凉血止血，祛瘀消肿，通便，杀虫之功效。主治肺痨咳血，肺痈，吐血，瘀滞腹痛，跌打损伤，大便秘结，痄腮，痈疮肿毒，烫伤，疥癣，湿疹。
Tu-dai-huang, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the root of Rumex obtusifolius L., a plant of the Polygonaceae family. The plant is distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan provinces of China, as well as in Japan, Europe, and Africa. It is known for its effects of clearing heat and detoxification, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, promoting blood circulation and reducing swelling, relieving constipation, and killing parasites. It is used to treat conditions such as pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, lung abscess, hematemesis, abdominal pain due to blood stasis, bruises and injuries, constipation, mumps, carbuncles and swelling toxins, burns, scabies, and eczema.

功效作用 功能
The efficacy and functions.

清热解毒，凉血止血，祛瘀消肿，通便，杀虫。主治
Clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and reduce swelling, promoting bowel movements, and killing parasites. It is used to treat...

肺痨咳血，肺痈，吐血，瘀滞腹痛，跌打损伤，大便秘结，痄腮，痈疮肿毒，烫伤，疥癣，湿疹。用法用量
Pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, lung abscess, hematemesis, abdominal pain due to blood stasis, traumatic injury, constipation, mumps, carbuncle and swelling, burns, scabies, eczema. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，10～15g。外用：适量，捣敷或磨汁涂。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 10-15g. External use: Appropriate amount, apply as a poultice or use the juice for grinding. Precautions

脾胃虚寒者及身体虚弱者慎服。药理作用
Those with spleen and stomach deficiency-cold and those who are physically weak should take it with caution. Pharmacological effects

1、抗菌作用。

1. Antibacterial effect.

2、止血作用。相关论述
2. Hemostatic effect. Relevant discussion.

1、《质问本草》：“治疥癣最效。”“清热可敷火毒。”

1. "Interrogating Materia Medica": "Most effective in treating scabies and ringworm." "Clearing heat can be used to apply to fire toxins."

2、《纲目拾遗》：“破瘀，生新。治跌打，消痈肿，止血，愈疥癣。”“治肺痈。”临床应用 临床应用
2. "Compendium of Materia Medica Supplement" states: "Resolve stasis to generate new tissue. Used to treat bruises, reduce swelling, stop bleeding, and heal scabies and ringworm." "Used to treat pulmonary abscess." Clinical application.

1、治痨伤吐血，金不换鲜根连叶21～30g，百合9g，冰糖30g。水煎服。（《中医药实验研究》）
Treatment for tuberculosis with hemoptysis: Fresh roots and leaves of 21-30g of Rehmannia, 9g of lily, and 30g of rock sugar. Decoction and take orally. (From "Experimental Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine")

2、治咳嗽吐血，跌打受伤吐血，金不换15～21g，和精猪肉切细，做成肉饼，隔水蒸熟食之。（《中医药实验研究》）
2. For treating coughing up blood and vomiting blood due to injuries, take 15-21g of "Jin Bu Huan" and finely chop it with lean pork to make meat patties, then steam them over water before consumption. (From "Experimental Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine")

3、治肺痈，金不换草根一两。捣汁酒煎服，三次愈。（《百草镜》）加工炮制 采收加工
3. To treat lung abscess, take one or two liang of Jin Bu Huan (a type of herb) roots. Pound the roots into juice, decoct with wine, and take it three times to be cured. (From "Compendium of Materia Medica") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

9-10月采挖其根，除去泥土及杂质，洗净切片，晾干或鲜用。炮制方法
The roots are harvested from September to October, cleaned of soil and impurities, washed, sliced, and then dried or used fresh. Processing methods may vary.

取原药材，除去杂质，大小分开，洗净，浸泡4-8小时，取出，闷润12-24小时，至内外湿度一致，切厚片，干燥，筛去碎屑，若为产地片，除去杂质。药材鉴别 药材性状
Collect the original medicinal materials, remove impurities, separate by size, wash thoroughly, soak for 4-8 hours, remove and let it moisten for 12-24 hours until the internal and external humidity are consistent, cut into thick slices, dry, sift out the debris, and if it is a local product, remove impurities. Identify the medicinal materials and their characteristics.

1、药材性状：根茎粗短，直径约3cm，有少数分枝，顶端有茎基与叶基残余，呈棕色鳞片状及须毛纤维状，有的具侧茅及须状根、并有少数横纹。根类长圆锥形，长约17cm，直径达1.8cm，表面棕色至棕褐色，上段具横纹，其下具多数纵皱纹，散有横长皮孔样疤痕及点状须根痕。质硬，断面黄色，可见棕色形成层环及放射状纹理。气微，味稍苦。

1. Morphological characteristics of the medicinal material: The rhizome is short and thick, with a diameter of about 3cm, and has a few branches. At the top, there are remnants of stem bases and leaf bases, appearing as brown scale-like and fibrous hairs. Some have lateral nodes and fibrous roots, and a few have transverse wrinkles. The root is long and conical, about 17cm long and 1.8cm in diameter, with a brown to brownish-brown surface. The upper part has transverse wrinkles, and the lower part has numerous longitudinal wrinkles, scattered with scar-like pores and dot-like root marks. It is hard in texture, with a yellow color on the cross-section, and visible brown formation rings and radial patterns. It has a slight odor and a slightly bitter taste.

2、饮片性状：本品为不规则厚片。外表皮有纵皱纹，切面淡黄色或黄灰色，具有菊花心。质坚硬。气微，味苦微涩。植物学信息 植物种属
2. Characteristics of the medicinal slices: This product is irregular and thick slices. The outer surface has longitudinal wrinkles, and the cut surface is light yellow or yellowish-gray, with a chrysanthemum-like center. It is hard in texture, with a slight aroma and a mildly bitter and astringent taste. Botanical information: Plant species.

蓼科酸模属植物钝叶酸模。形态特征
The plant of the genus Rumex in the family Polygonaceae is known as Rumex obtusifolius. It has distinct morphological characteristics.

多年生草本。根粗壮，直径可达1.5厘米。茎直立，高60-120厘米，有分枝，具深沟槽，无毛。基生叶长圆状卵形或长卵形，长15-30厘米，宽6-15厘米，顶端钝圆或稍尖，基部心形，边缘微波状，上面无毛，下面疏生小突起；叶柄长6-12厘米，被小突起；茎生叶长卵形，较小，叶柄较短；托叶鞘膜质，易破裂。花序圆锥状具叶，分枝斜上；花两性，密集成轮；花梗细弱，丝状，中下部具关节，关节明显；外花被片狭长圆形，长约1.5毫米，内花被片果时增大，狭三角状卵形，顶端稍钝，基部截形，长4-6毫米，宽2-3毫米（不包括刺状齿），边缘每侧具2-3个刺状齿，齿长0.8-1.5毫米，通常1片具小瘤。瘦果卵形，帷3锐棱，长约2.5毫米，暗褐色，有光泽。花期5-6月，果期6-7月。分布区域
Perennial herb. The roots are stout, with a diameter of up to 1.5 centimeters. The stem is erect, 60-120 centimeters tall, branched, deeply grooved, and hairless. The basal leaves are oblong-ovate or lanceolate, 15-30 centimeters long, 6-15 centimeters wide, with a blunt or slightly pointed apex, heart-shaped base, wavy margins, hairless upper surface, and sparsely hairy lower surface with small protuberances. The petiole is 6-12 centimeters long, with small protuberances. The stem leaves are lanceolate and smaller, with shorter petioles. The stipules are membranous and easily ruptured. The inflorescence is a conical spike with branches sloping upwards; the flowers are hermaphroditic, densely arranged in whorls; the flower stalks are slender, thread-like, with joints in the middle and lower parts. The outer floral bracts are narrowly oblong, about 1.5 millimeters long, while the inner floral bracts enlarge into narrowly triangular-ovate shapes, slightly blunt at the apex, truncate at the base, 4-6 millimeters long, 2-3 millimeters wide (excluding the prickly teeth), with 2-3 prickly teeth on each side of the margin, 0.8-1.5 millimeters long, usually with small tubercles on one side. The achene is ovoid, with three sharp edges, about 2.5 millimeters long, dark brown, and glossy. The flowering period is May-June, and the fruiting period is June-July. Distribution area.

分布于我国河北、山东、陕西、甘肃、江苏、浙江、江西、安徽、湖南、湖北及四川，日本、欧洲、非洲也有。生长环境
Distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan provinces of China, as well as in Japan, Europe, and Africa. Growing environment

生于田边路旁、沟边湿地，海拔50～1100米。
Born beside the fields and roads, and in wetlands along the ditches, at an altitude of 50 to 1100 meters.