透骨草，中药名。为大戟科地构叶属植物地构叶Speranskiatuberculata（Bunge）Baill.的全草。植物地构叶，分布于我国辽宁、吉林、内蒙古、河北、河南、山西、陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、四川。具有祛风除湿，舒筋活血，散瘀消肿，解毒止痛之功效。主治风湿痹痛，筋骨挛缩，寒湿脚气，腰部扭伤，瘫痪，闭经，阴囊湿疹，疮疖肿毒。
Tou-gu-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole herb of Speranskia tuberculata (Bunge) Baill., a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family. The plant is distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Sichuan provinces of China. It has the functions of dispelling wind and dampness, relaxing tendons and activating blood circulation, dispersing stasis and reducing swelling, and detoxifying and relieving pain. It is mainly used for rheumatic pain, muscle and bone contraction, cold and dampness in the feet, lumbar sprain, paralysis, amenorrhea, scrotal eczema, and ulcerative swellings.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy, function.

祛风除湿，舒筋活血，散瘀消肿，解毒止痛。主治
Dispelling wind and dampness, relaxing tendons and activating blood circulation, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, detoxifying and relieving pain. Mainly used for治疗.

风湿痹痛，筋骨挛缩，寒湿脚气，腰部扭伤，瘫痪，闭经，阴囊湿疹，疮疖肿毒。用法用量
Wind-damp arthralgia, muscle and bone contraction, cold and damp athlete's foot, lumbar sprain, paralysis, amenorrhea, scrotal eczema, and carbuncle swelling and toxicity. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，9～15g。外用：适量，煎水熏洗或捣敷。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g. External use: Proper amount, decoct in water for fumigation or apply as a poultice. Precautions.

孕妇禁服。相关论述
Pregnant women are prohibited from taking this. Further discussion is needed.

1、《纲目》：“治筋骨一切风湿，疼痛挛缩，寒湿脚气。”2、《山东中草药手册》：“祛风湿，活血，止痛。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Synopsis": "Treat all rheumatic conditions affecting the tendons and bones, including pain, spasms, contractions, and athlete's foot caused by cold and dampness."2. "Shandong Herbal Medicine Handbook": "Dispelling dampness, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain." Clinical applications and relevant combinations.

1、治风湿性关节痛，透骨草9g，防风9g，苍术9g，牛膝12g，黄柏9g。水煎服。（《青岛中草药手册》）2、治风湿性关节炎，筋骨拘挛，透骨草9g，制川乌、制草乌各3g，伸筋草6g。水煎服。（《陕甘宁青中草药选》）3、治腰扭伤，透骨草根（鲜）适量，加盐少许，捣烂外敷。（《青岛中草药手册》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. To treat rheumatic joint pain, use 9g of Touguc grass, 9g of Fangfeng, 9g of Cangzhu, 12g of Niuxi, and 9g of Huangbai. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Qingdao Herbal Manual") 2. To treat rheumatoid arthritis and muscle spasms, use 9g of Touguc grass, 3g each of processed Sichuan Lovage Rhizome and processed Black False Bellebore, and 6g of Shenjincao. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Herbal Selections from Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai") 3. To treat lumbar sprains, use a suitable amount of fresh Touguc grass roots, add a little salt, mash them into a paste, and apply externally. (From "Qingdao Herbal Manual") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

5～6月间开花结实时采收，除去杂质，鲜用或晒干备用。炮制方法
Harvest the flowers and fruits between May and June, remove impurities, and use them fresh or dry them for later use. Processing method.

取原药材，除去残根及杂质，抢水洗净，稍润，切段、干燥，筛去灰屑。药材鉴别 药材性状
Collect the original medicinal materials, remove any residual roots and impurities, rinse thoroughly with water, slightly moisten, cut into sections, dry, and sift to remove any ash. Identify the medicinal materials and their characteristics.

1、药材性状：茎多分枝，呈圆柱形或微有棱，通常长10～30㎝。直径l～4㎜，茎基部有时连有部分根茎；茎表面浅绿色或灰绿色，近基部淡紫色。被灰白色柔毛，具互生叶或叶痕，质脆，易折断，断面黄白色。根茎长短不一，表面土棕色或黄棕色，略粗糙；质稍坚硬，断面黄白色。叶多卷曲而皱缩或破碎，呈灰绿色，两面均被白色细柔毛，下表面近叶脉处较显著。枝梢有时可见总状花序和果序；花型小；蒴果三角状扁圆形。气微，味淡而后微苦。以色绿、枝嫩，带“珍珠”果者为佳。2、饮片性状：茎、叶、花、果混合。茎圆形或微有棱，表面浅绿色或灰绿色，被有白色柔毛。质脆，切面黄白色。叶片多卷曲缩而破碎，呈灰绿色，两面均被白色细柔毛。总状花序，蒴果三角状扁圆形。气微，味淡而后苦。常见伪品

1. Medicinal material characteristics: The stem branches a lot, cylindrical or slightly angular, usually 10-30 cm long, with a diameter of 1-4 mm. Sometimes the base of the stem is connected to partial rhizomes; the stem surface is light green or grayish-green, pale purple near the base. It is covered with grayish-white soft hairs, has opposite leaves or leaf scars, brittle texture, easy to break, and the cross-section is yellowish-white. The length of the rhizome varies, the surface is brown or yellowish-brown, slightly rough; the texture is slightly hard, and the cross-section is yellowish-white. The leaves are often curled, wrinkled, or broken, grayish-green, covered with white fine hairs on both sides, more prominent near the veins on the lower surface. Sometimes there are cymose inflorescences and fruit clusters on the branches; the flowers are small; the capsule is triangular and flattened. It has a mild aroma, a light and slightly bitter taste. It is best when it is green in color, with tender branches and "pearl" fruits.2. Characteristics of processed slices: A mixture of stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The stem is cylindrical or slightly angular, light green or grayish-green on the surface, covered with white soft hairs. It has a brittle texture, and the cut surface is yellowish-white. The leaves are often curled, shriveled, and broken, grayish-green, covered with white fine hairs on both sides. Cymose inflorescences, triangular and flattened capsules. It has a mild aroma, a light and slightly bitter taste. Counterfeits are common.

伪品：1、马鞭草：为马鞭草科植物马鞭草VerbenaoffieinalisL的干燥地上全草。形态特征见马鞭草项下。2、仙鹤草：为蔷薇科植物龙芽草AgrimoniapilosaLedel.的干燥地上部分。长30-70m。全体被长柔毛。奇数羽状复叶，互生，干缩卷曲，质脆，易碎；小叶片有大小2种，相间生于叶轴上，顶端小叶较大。完整小叶片展平后，呈卵形或长椭圓形，先端尖，基部楔形，边缘有锯齿，下面毛较多。顶生总状花序，花小，黄色。3、百蕊草：为檀香科植物百蕊草ThesiumchinenseTurez的干燥全草。根圆锥形，棕黄色，具细支根痕。茎纤细，丛生，长12-27cm，暗黄绿色，具纵棱；质脆，易折断，断面中空。叶互生，线状披针形，长1-3cm。花小，单生于叶腋。坚果球形，直径约2mm，表面有网状雕纹。4、山野豌豆：为豆科植物山野豌豆ViciaamoenaFisch的干燥全草。形态特征见紫花地丁项下。注：透骨草品种十分复杂，各地名为透骨草的原植物有12科17种之多，其中使用地区较多的有：大戟科植物地沟叶，习称“珍珠透骨草”；风仙花科植物风仙花，习称“风仙透骨草”；紫蒇科植物角蒿，习称“羊角透骨草”；毛茛科植物铁线莲属数种植物，习称“铁笺透骨草”。此外，个别地区还有以马鞭草科植物马鞭草、檀香科植物百蕊草、蔷薇科植物仙鶴草、豆科植物山野豌豆作透骨草。以上均不同科属，成分差异较大，应进一步研究，以发挥各药独特的作用。植物学信息 植物种属
Counterfeit products: 1. Verbena: The dried whole herb of Verbena officinalis L., a plant of the Verbena family. See the morphological characteristics under the entry for Verbena. 2. Agrimonia: The dried upper part of the plant Agrimonia pilosa Ledel., a plant of the Rosaceae family. It is 30-70cm long, covered with long soft hairs. Odd pinnate compound leaves, alternate, dry and curled, brittle, and fragile; the leaflets come in two sizes, alternating on the leaf axis, with the larger leaflet at the tip. When the complete leaflet is spread out, it is oval or elongated oval, pointed at the tip, wedge-shaped at the base, serrated edges, and more hairs on the underside. Terminal racemes, small yellow flowers. 3. Thesium: The dried whole herb of Thesium chinense Turez, a plant of the Santalaceae family. Conical roots, brown-yellow, with fine root marks. Slender stems, tufted, 12-27cm long, dark yellow-green, with longitudinal ridges; brittle, easy to break, hollow cross-section. Leaves alternate, linear lanceolate, 1-3cm long. Small flowers, solitary in the leaf axils. Nut spherical, about 2mm in diameter, with a reticulate pattern on the surface. 4. Vicia amoena: The dried whole herb of Vicia amoena Fisch, a plant of the Fabaceae family. See the morphological characteristics under the entry for Purple Vetch. Note: The varieties of Boneset are very complex. There are 17 species in 12 families of original plants named Boneset in various places. Among them, the most commonly used are: Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia helioscopia, commonly known as "Pearl Boneset"; Gentianaceae Gentiana, commonly known as "Gentian Boneset"; Lamiaceae Stachys, commonly known as "Stachys Boneset"; Ranunculaceae Ranunculus, commonly known as "Ranunculus Boneset". In addition, in some regions, Verbena of the Verbena family, Thesium of the Santalaceae family, Agrimonia of the Rosaceae family, and Vicia of the Fabaceae family are also used as Boneset. They all belong to different families and have significant differences in composition, further research is needed to fully utilize the unique effects of each medicine. Botanical information Plant species.

大戟科地构叶属植物地构叶。形态特征
Euphorbia hirta, a plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. Morphological characteristics.

地构叶又名地构菜。多年生草本；茎直立，高25～50厘米，分枝较多，被伏贴短柔毛。叶纸质，披针形或卵状披针形，长1.8～5.5厘米，宽0.5～2.5厘米，顶端渐尖，稀急尖，尖头钝，基部阔楔形或圆形，边缘具疏离圆齿或有时深裂，齿端具腺体，上面疏被短柔毛，下面被柔毛或仅叶脉被毛；叶柄长不及5毫米或近无柄；托叶卵状披针形，长约1.5毫米。总状花序长6～15厘米，上部有雄花20～30朵，下部有雌花6～10朵，位于花序中部的雌花的两侧有时具雄花1～2朵；苞片卵状披针形或卵形，长1～2毫米；雄花：2～4朵生于苞腑，花梗长约1毫米；共萼裂片卵形，长约1.5毫米，外面疏被柔毛；共瓣倒心形，具爪，长约0.5毫米，被毛；雄蕊8～12（～15）枝，花丝被毛；雌花：1～2朵生于苞腋，花梗长约1毫米，果时长达5毫米，且常下弯；花萼裂片卵状披针形，长约1.5毫米，顶端渐尖，疏被长柔毛，花瓣与雄花相似，但较短，疏被柔毛和缘毛，具脉纹；花柱3，各2深裂，裂片呈羽状撕裂。蒴果扁球形，长约4毫米，直径约6毫米，被柔毛和具瘤状突起；种子卵形，长约2毫米，顶端急尖，灰褐色。花果期5～9月。分布区域
Di Gou Ye, also known as Di Gou Cai. It is a perennial herbaceous plant with an erect stem, 25-50 centimeters tall, with many branches and covered with short soft hairs. The leaves are papery, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.8-5.5 centimeters long, 0.5-2.5 centimeters wide, gradually tapering at the tip, sometimes acute, with a blunt apex, wide wedge-shaped or round base, margin with sparse rounded teeth or sometimes deeply lobed, glandular at the tooth tip, sparsely covered with short soft hairs on the upper surface, and covered with soft hairs or only veins on the lower surface; leaf stalk less than 5 millimeters long or nearly absent; stipules ovate-lanceolate, about 1.5 millimeters long. The raceme is 6-15 centimeters long, with 20-30 male flowers in the upper part, 6-10 female flowers in the lower part, and sometimes 1-2 male flowers on each side of the female flowers in the middle of the raceme; bracts ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 1-2 millimeters long; male flowers: 2-4 borne in the bract axils, with flower stalks about 1 millimeter long; sepals ovate, about 1.5 millimeters long, sparsely hairy on the outside; petals inverted heart-shaped, clawed, about 0.5 millimeters long, hairy; stamens 8-12 (up to 15), with hairy filaments; female flowers: 1-2 borne in the bract axils, with flower stalks about 1 millimeter long, elongating to 5 millimeters when fruiting, often bending downwards; sepals ovate-lanceolate, about 1.5 millimeters long, gradually tapering at the tip, sparsely covered with long soft hairs, petals similar to male flowers but shorter, sparsely hairy and marginally hairy, with veins; styles 3, each deeply divided into 2, feather-like. The capsule is flattened spherical, about 4 millimeters long, with a diameter of about 6 millimeters, covered with soft hairs and wart-like protrusions; seeds ovate, about 2 millimeters long, sharply pointed at the tip, grayish-brown. Flowering and fruiting period is from May to September. Distribution area.

分布于我国辽宁、吉林、内蒙古、河北、河南、山西、陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、四川。生长环境
Distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Sichuan provinces of China. Growing environment.

生于海拔800～1900米山坡草丛或灌丛中。
Born in the grass or shrubs on mountain slopes at an altitude of 800 to 1900 meters.