涩梨，中药名。为蔷薇科植物台湾林檎Malusdoumeri(Bois)Chev.[PirusdoumeriBois.Malusformosana(Kaw.etKoidz.)Kaw.etKoidz.]的果实。台湾林檎主产于台湾、广西等地。具有消食导滞，理气健脾之功效。常用于食积停滞，脘腹张痛，泄泻。
Se-li, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The fruit of the rose family plant Taiwan apple Malus doumeri (Bois) Chev. [Pirus doumeri Bois. Malus formosana (Kaw. et Koidz.) Kaw. et Koidz.]. Taiwan apple is mainly produced in Taiwan, Guangxi, and other places. It has the functions of promoting digestion, relieving stagnation, regulating qi, and invigorating the spleen. It is often used for food stagnation, abdominal distention and pain, and diarrhea.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

消食导滞，理气健脾。
Promoting digestion and resolving stagnation, regulating qi and invigorating the spleen.

主治 Indications

用于食积停滞，脘腹胀满疼痛，泄泻。
Used for food stagnation, abdominal distension and pain, and diarrhea.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，果9-15g；果炭6-15g。
Internal administration: Decoction, 9-15g of fruit; 6-15g of fruit charcoal.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《广西本草选编》：“理气健脾，消食导滞。”
"Compendium of Materia Medica from Guangxi": "Regulate Qi, invigorate the spleen, promote digestion, and relieve stagnation."

《台湾药用植物志》：“上人以果供食，果煎服为健胃剂。”
"Flora of Medicinal Plants in Taiwan": "The ripe fruit can be consumed as food, and a decoction of the fruit is used as a digestive tonic."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1. 治食积停滞，脘腹胀满疼痛：山楂果9～15g。水煎服。
   For treating food stagnation with abdominal distention and pain: take 9-15g of hawthorn fruit, decoct in water and take orally.

2. 治大便溏泄：山楂炭6～12g。水煎服。（1～2方出自《广西本草选编》）
   For treating loose stools: take 6-12g of hawthorn charcoal, decoct in water and take orally. (The above prescriptions are from "Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：果实成熟时采摘，鲜用或用沸水烫10min后，捞起切片，晒干。
The fruit is harvested when ripe, and can be used fresh or blanched in boiling water for 10 minutes, then sliced and dried in the sun.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：本品果实球形，直径4～5.5cm，表面棕红色或棕褐色，具细纹，无斑点；顶端隆起，有宿萼，萼片反卷。干品为类圆形切片，直径1.5～4.2cm，厚0.3～1cm。外皮棕红色至紫棕色，有细皱纹，边缘略内卷。果肉厚0.4～1.2cm，淡棕红色，中部横切片可见5个子房室，每室具种子2粒。种子皮薄而易碎，但种子多脱落而中空。顶部切片可见管状突起的宿存萼筒，有微柔毛或无毛。有的切片可见残存的果柄。气微，味酸、微涩。
Medicinal material characteristics: The fruit is spherical, 4–5.5 cm in diameter, with a reddish-brown or brown surface bearing fine lines but no spots. The top is raised with persistent sepals that are curled back. When dried, it forms nearly circular slices, 1.5–4.2 cm in diameter and 0.3–1 cm thick. The outer skin ranges from reddish-brown to purplish-brown, with fine wrinkles and slightly curled edges. The flesh is 0.4–1.2 cm thick, pale reddish-brown; cross-sections reveal 5 locules, each containing 2 seeds. The seed coat is thin and fragile, often detached, leaving the center hollow. Top sections show tubular protrusions of the persistent calyx tube, sometimes with fine hairs or without. Some slices may have remnants of the fruit stalk. It has a mild aroma, sour taste, and slightly astringent flavor.

饮片性状：焦涩梨形同涩梨，表面焦黑色，内部焦褐色。
Processed slice characteristics: The processed slices resemble scorched astringent pears, with a scorched black surface and a scorched brown interior.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：蔷薇科植物台湾林檎。
Species: Malus doumeri (syn. Malus formosana), a plant of the Rosaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

台湾林檎，又名台湾海棠。乔木，高达15m。嫩枝被长柔毛，老枝暗灰褐色或紫褐色，无毛。单叶互生；叶柄长1.5～3cm；托叶膜质，线状披针形，早落；叶片长椭圆形至卵状披针形，长9～15cm，宽4～6.5cm，边缘有不整齐尖锐锯齿，嫩时两面有白色绒毛，成熟时脱落。花两性；花序近似伞形，有花4～5朵，花梗长1.5～3cm，有白色绒毛；花黄白色，直径2.5～3cm；萼筒倒钟形，外面有绒毛；萼片卵状披针形，全缘，内面密被白色绒毛；花瓣5，卵形，基部具短爪；雄蕊约30，花药黄色；花柱4～5，基部有长绒毛，较雄蕊长，柱头半圆形。梨果球形，直径4～5.5cm，黄红色，宿萼有短筒，萼片反折，先端隆起，果心分离，外面有红点；果梗长1～3cm。花、果期夏秋季。
Taiwan Apple (Malus formosana), also known as Taiwan Malus. A deciduous tree up to 15 m tall. Young branches are covered with long soft hairs; older branches are dark gray-brown or purple-brown and glabrous. Leaves are alternate; petioles 1.5–3 cm long; stipules membranous, linear-lanceolate, early deciduous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 9–15 cm long, 4–6.5 cm wide, with irregular sharp serrations on the margin; both surfaces are pubescent when young, becoming glabrescent at maturity. Flowers bisexual, arranged in umbel-like inflorescences of 4–5 flowers, pedicels 1.5–3 cm long, pubescent; flowers yellow-white, 2.5–3 cm in diameter; hypanthium campanulate, hairy externally; sepals ovate-lanceolate, entire, densely white-tomentose internally; petals 5, ovate, with short claws at base; stamens about 30, anthers yellow; styles 4–5, longer than stamens, basally villous, stigma semi-circular. Pome spherical, 4–5.5 cm in diameter, yellow-red, persistent calyx with short tube, sepals reflexed, apex prominent, core separate, surface with red dots; fruit stalk 1–3 cm long. Flowering and fruiting occurs in summer and autumn.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于台湾、广西等地。
Distributed in Taiwan, Guangxi, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1000～2000m的阔叶树林中。
Found in broad-leaved forests at altitudes of 1000–2000 meters.