吊兰，中药名。为百合科植物吊兰Chlorophytumcomosum(Thunb.)Baker的全草或根。各地广泛栽培，供作观赏。具有化痰止咳，散瘀消肿，清热解毒之功效。常用于痰热咳嗽，跌打损伤，骨折，痈肿，痔疮，烧伤。
Diao-lan, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole plant or root of Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Baker, a plant of the Liliaceae family, is widely cultivated for ornamental purposes. It is known for its effects of resolving phlegm and relieving cough, dispersing stasis and reducing swelling, and clearing heat and detoxifying. It is commonly used for conditions such as phlegm-heat cough, bruises, fractures, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, and burns.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

化痰止咳，散瘀消肿，清热解毒。
Resolve phlegm and stop coughing, disperse stasis and reduce swelling, clear heat and detoxify.

主治 Indications

痰热咳嗽，跌打损伤，骨折，痈肿，痔疮，烧伤。
Phlegm-heat cough, bruises, fractures, abscesses, hemorrhoids, and burns.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g，鲜品15-30g。外用：适量，捣敷；或煎水洗。
Internal use: Decoction, 6-15g dried herb, 15-30g fresh herb. External use: Appropriate amount, crushed for poultice; or decocted for washing.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《福建药物志》：“清热止咳，消肿止痛。主治咳嗽，跌打损伤，痈、疔疖。”
"Fujian Materia Medica": "Clears heat, stops cough, reduces swelling, and relieves pain. Used for treating cough, bruises, abscesses, and boils."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1. 治咳嗽：鲜吊兰15-30g，枇杷叶9-15g。水煎服。（《福建药物志》）

   1. For treating cough: 15-30g of fresh Houttuynia cordata and 9-15g of loquat leaves. Decoct and take orally. (From "Fujian Materia Medica")

2. 治骨折（复位后，小夹板固定）：鲜（树蕉瓜）捣烂敷患处。（《文山中草药》）
   2. For treating bone fractures (after reduction, fix with a splint): Crush fresh snake gourd and apply to the affected area. (From "Wenshan Chinese Herbal Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年均可采收，洗净鲜用。
Harvest can be done all year round, washed, and used fresh.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Material

药材性状：须根圆柱状纺锤形，上有短根茎。完整叶片条形至条状披针形，长20-30cm，宽1-2cm，顶端渐尖，基部抱茎；色深绿，有的具黄色纵条纹或边缘为黄色；质较坚硬。有的尚具花葶及花序。气微，味淡。
The roots are cylindrical and spindle-shaped, with short rhizomes on top. The complete leaves are linear to lanceolate, 20-30cm long and 1-2cm wide, tapering at the apex and clasping the stem at the base. They are dark green, some with yellow longitudinal stripes or yellow edges, and relatively firm in texture. Some samples still have flower stalks and inflorescences. Slight odor, bland taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：百合科植物吊兰。
Species: Asparagus (or Chlorophytum comosum), family Liliaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本。根茎短而肥厚，呈纺锤状。叶自根际丛生，多数；叶细长而尖，绿色或有黄色条纹，长10-30cm，宽1-2cm，向两端稍变狭。花葶比叶长，有时长达50cm，常变为匍枝，近顶部有叶束或生幼小植株；花小，白色，常2-4朵簇生，排成疏散的总状花序或圆锥花序，花梗关节位于中部至上部；花被片叶状，裂片6枚；雄蕊6；稍短于花被片，花药开裂后常卷曲；子房无柄，3室，花柱线形。蒴果三角状扁球形，每室具种子3-5颗。花期5月，果期8月。
Perennial herb. Rhizome short and thick, spindle-shaped. Leaves numerous, basal, narrow and pointed, green or striped with yellow, 10-30cm long, 1-2cm wide, slightly narrowing toward both ends. Flower scape longer than leaves, sometimes up to 50cm, often becoming stoloniferous, bearing rosettes of leaves or young plantlets near the tip; flowers small, white, usually 2–4 clustered, arranged in loose racemes or panicles; pedicel joint located in the middle to upper part; tepals leaf-like, 6 lobes; 6 stamens, slightly shorter than tepals, anthers often curling after dehiscence; ovary sessile, 3-celled, style thread-like. Capsule triangular, flattened-spherical, each cell containing 3–5 seeds. Flowering in May, fruiting in August.

分布区域 Distribution Area

各地广泛栽培，供作观赏。原产非洲南部。
Widely cultivated in various regions for ornamental purposes. Native to southern Africa.