白车轴草，中药名。为豆科车轴草属植物白车轴草TrifoliumrepensL.的全草。具有清热，凉血，宁心之功效。主治癫痫，痔疮出血，硬结肿块。
White Clover Her, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. (Bai-che-zhou-cao). It refers to the whole plant of Trifolium repens L., a plant of the legume genus Trifolium. It has the functions of clearing heat, cooling blood, and calming the mind. It is mainly used to treat epilepsy, bleeding hemorrhoids, and hard lumps.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热，凉血，宁心。
Clearing heat, cooling blood, calming the mind.

主治 Indications

癫痫，痔疮出血，硬结肿块。
Epilepsy, bleeding hemorrhoids, and hard masses.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：15-30g。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: 15-30g. External use: appropriate amount, pounded for application.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季花盛期采收，晒干。
The flowers are harvested during the peak season in summer and autumn, and then dried in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：豆科车轴草属白车轴草。
The white clover belongs to the legume family, genus Trifolium.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

短期多年生草本，生长期达5年，高10-30cm。主根短，侧根和须根发达。茎匍匐蔓生，上部稍上升，节上生根，全株无毛。掌状三出复叶；托叶卵状披针形，膜质，基部抱茎成鞘状，离生部分锐尖；叶柄较长，长10-30cm；小叶倒卵形至近圆形，长8-20（-30）mm，宽8-16（-25）mm，先端凹头至钝圆，基部楔形渐窄至小叶柄，中脉在下面隆起，侧脉约13对，与中脉作50°角展开，两面均隆起，近叶边分叉并伸达锯齿齿尖；小叶柄长1.5mm，微被柔毛。花序球形，顶生，直径15-40mm；总花梗甚长，比叶柄长近1倍，具花20-50（-80）朵，密集；无总苞；苞片披针形，膜质，锥尖；花长7-12mm；花梗比花萼稍长或等长，开花立即下垂；萼钟形，具脉纹10条，萼齿5，披针形，稍不等长，短于萼筒，萼喉开张，无毛；花冠白色、乳黄色或淡红色，具香气。旗瓣椭圆形，比翼瓣和龙骨瓣长近1倍，龙骨瓣比翼瓣稍短；子房线状长圆形，花柱比子房略长，胚珠3-4粒。荚果长圆形；种子通常3粒。种子阔卵形。花果期5-10月。
Short-term perennial herb, with a growth period of up to 5 years, reaching a height of 10-30cm. It has a short main root, well-developed lateral roots and root hairs. The stem is prostrate and creeping, slightly ascending in the upper part, with roots growing at the nodes, and the entire plant is hairless. The leaves are palmately compound with three leaflets; the stipules are ovate-lanceolate, membranous, sheathing the stem at the base, sharply pointed in the free part; leaf stalk relatively long, 10-30cm in length; leaflets are ovate to nearly circular, 8-20(-30)mm long, 8-16(-25)mm wide, with a notched to obtuse-rounded apex, wedge-shaped base narrowing to the leaflet stalk, the midvein is raised on the lower surface, about 13 pairs of lateral veins diverge from the midvein at an angle of 50°, both surfaces are raised, with serrate teeth near the leaf margin and extending to the tips of the teeth; leaflet stalk is 1.5mm long, sparsely covered with soft hairs. The inflorescence is spherical, terminal, with a diameter of 15-40mm; the peduncle is very long, nearly twice as long as the leaf stalk, with 20-50(-80) flowers densely packed; no bracts; bracts are lanceolate, membranous, and conical; flowers are 7-12mm long; flower stalks are slightly longer or equal to the sepals, and the flowers immediately droop when blooming; the calyx is bell-shaped, with 10 veins, 5 lanceolate teeth, slightly unequal in length, shorter than the calyx tube, the calyx throat is open, hairless; the corolla is white, creamy yellow, or pale pink, fragrant. The standard petal is elliptical, nearly twice as long as the wing petals and keel petals, with the keel petals slightly shorter than the wing petals; the ovary is linear-oblong, the style slightly longer than the ovary, with 3-4 ovules. The pod is oblong; usually containing 3 seeds. The seeds are broadly ovate. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

产于东北、华北、江苏、贵州、云南，多栽培。
Originating from Northeast China, North China, Jiangsu, Guizhou, and Yunnan, it is widely cultivated.

生长环境 Growing Environment

常见于种植，并在湿润草地、河岸、路边呈半自生状态。
Commonly found in cultivation, and growing semi-wild in moist grasslands, riverbanks, and roadsides.