淡花当药，中药名。为龙胆科植物北方獐牙菜Swertiadiluta（Turcz.）Benth.etHook.f.的全草。分布于东北、华北及陕西、青海、甘肃、山东、江苏、河南、四川等地。具有清热解毒，利湿健胃之功效。常用于骨髓炎，咽喉炎，扁桃体炎，结膜炎，肝炎，消化不良，痢疾，疮痈疥癣，毒蛇咬伤。
"Dan-hua-dang-ya, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. refers to the whole plant of Swertia diluta (Turcz.) Benth. et Hook.f., a plant in the Gentianaceae family. It is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Sichuan, and other regions. It is known for its functions of clearing heat, detoxification, promoting diuresis, and invigorating the stomach. It is commonly used for osteomyelitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, hepatitis, indigestion, dysentery, abscesses, boils, scabies, and snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，利湿健胃。
Clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting dampness elimination and invigorating the stomach.

主治 Indications

用于骨髓炎，咽喉炎，扁桃体炎，结膜炎，肝炎，消化不良，痢疾，疮痈疥癣，毒蛇咬伤。
Used for osteomyelitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, hepatitis, indigestion, dysentery, abscesses, boils, scabies, and snake bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，5-15g；或研末冲服。外用：适量，捣敷；或捣汁外搽。
Internal use: Decoction, 5-15g; or powdered for oral administration. External use: Proper amount, pounded for application; or pounded for juice extraction and applied externally.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

1、《内蒙古中草药》：“清热，健胃，利湿。主治消化不良，胃炎，黄疸。”

1. "Inner Mongolia Herbal Medicine": "Clears heat, invigorates the stomach, and promotes diuresis. Used to treat indigestion, gastritis, and jaundice."

2、《长白山植物药志》：“清湿热，健胃。主治黄疸肝炎，痢疾。外用治疗疮肿。”
2. "Flora of Changbai Mountain Medicinal Plants": "Clears damp-heat, invigorates the stomach. Used to treat jaundice hepatitis, dysentery. Externally applied to treat abscesses and swelling."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治黄疸型肝炎：当药25g。水煎服。

1. Treatment for jaundice-type hepatitis: Take 25g of the herb, decoct in water and take orally.

2、治急、慢性痢疾：当药15g。水煎服。（1-2方出自《长白山植物药志》）
2. Treatment for acute or chronic dysentery: Take 15g of the herb, decoct in water and take orally. (Formulas 1–2 from "Flora of Changbai Mountain Medicinal Plants")

3、治消化不良：当药9g。水煎服或研面，每次1.5g，日服2次。（《内蒙古中草药》）
3. Treatment for indigestion: Take 9g of the herb, decoct in water and take orally, or grind into powder and take 1.5g each time, twice a day. ("Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese Medicine")

4、治疮毒肿痛：（淡花当药）鲜草捣烂外敷。（《长白山植物药志》）
4. Treatment for abscesses, toxins, swelling, and pain: Crush fresh herbs and apply externally. ("Flora of Changbai Mountain Medicinal Plants")

5、治火眼，牙痛，口疮：当药6g。水煎服，日2次。（《内蒙古中草药》）
5. Treatment for eye inflammation, toothache, and mouth ulcers: Take 6g of the herb, decoct in water and take orally twice a day. ("Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：7-10月采收全草，洗净，晒干或鲜用。
Harvest the whole plant from July to October, wash it clean, and then dry it in the sun or use it fresh.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：全草长20-40cm。茎纤细，多分枝，具4棱，浅黄色，有时略带紫褐色。叶对生，多皱缩。完整叶片披针形或长椭圆形，长2-4cm，宽3-10mm，先端尖，基部楔形，全缘，无柄。有时在顶部或叶腋可见聚伞花序。花冠淡蓝紫色，5深裂，基部内侧有2个腺体，其边缘有流苏状毛。气微，味微苦。
The characteristics of the medicinal material: The whole plant is 20–40 cm long. The stem is slender, highly branched, quadrangular, light yellow, sometimes slightly purplish-brown. Leaves are opposite, often wrinkled. Intact leaf blades are lanceolate or elongated oval, 2–4 cm long, 3–10 mm wide, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, with entire margins and no petiole. Umbel inflorescences may be seen at the top or in leaf axils. The corolla is pale blue-purple, deeply 5-lobed, with two glands on the inner base and fringed hairs along the edges. Slight odor, slightly bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：龙胆科植物北方獐牙菜。
Plant species: Gentianaceae plant — Northern Gentian (Swertia diluta).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

北方獐牙菜：又名中国当药、兴安獐牙菜。一年生草本，高20-70cm。茎直立，四棱形，棱上有窄翅，分枝多，细弱，斜升。叶对生；无柄；叶片线状披针形至线形，长1-4.5cm，宽1.5-9mm，两端渐狭，全缘；下面中脉明显突起。聚伞花序集成圆锥状，顶生和腋生；花萼绿色，萼片5，裂片线形，长6-12mm，先端锐尖，背面中脉明显；花直径1-1.5cm，花冠浅蓝色，有紫色条纹，5裂，裂片椭圆状披针形，长8-12mm，先端急尖，基部有2个腺窝，腺窝窄长圆形，沟状，边缘具长柔毛状流苏；雄蕊5，花丝线形；子房无柄，椭圆状卵形至卵状披针形，花柱粗短，柱头2裂，裂片半圆形。蒴果狭卵形，长至1.2cm。种子深褐色，长圆形，表面有小瘤状突起，花、果期8-10月。
Northern Gentian (also known as Chinese Swertia or Xing'an Gentian): An annual herb, 20–70 cm tall. Stem erect, quadrangular with narrow wings on the angles, highly branched, thin and weak, ascending obliquely. Leaves opposite, sessile; blade linear-lanceolate to linear, 1–4.5 cm long, 1.5–9 mm wide, gradually narrowed at both ends, entire margin; midvein prominently raised beneath. Inflorescence a cyme forming a panicle, terminal and axillary. Calyx green, 5 sepals, linear lobes 6–12 mm long, acute apex, midvein prominent on back. Flower 1–1.5 cm in diameter, corolla pale blue with purple stripes, 5-lobed; lobes elliptic-lanceolate, 8–12 mm long, acute apex; 2 glandular pits at base, narrow-oblong, groove-shaped, fringed with long soft hairs. 5 stamens, filaments linear. Ovary sessile, elliptic-ovoid to ovate-lanceolate; style short and thick; stigma 2-lobed, lobes semicircular. Capsule narrowly ovoid, up to 1.2 cm long. Seeds dark brown, oblong, surface with small wart-like projections. Flowering and fruiting from August to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于东北、华北及陕西、青海、甘肃、山东、江苏、河南、四川等地。
Distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Sichuan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔150-2600m的阴湿山坡、林下、田边或谷地。
Born in shady and damp mountain slopes, under forests, by fields, or in valleys at altitudes of 150–2600 meters.