地桃花，中药名。为锦葵科植物地桃花UrenalobataL.或粗叶地桃花UrenalobataL.var.scabriuscula(DC.）Walp.的根或全草。地桃花我国长江以南地区均有分布。粗叶地桃花分布于西南及福建、广东、广西等地。具有祛风利湿，活血消肿，清热解毒之功效。常用于感冒，风湿痹痛，痢疾，泄泻，淋证，带下，月经不调，跌打肿痛，喉痹，乳痈，疮疖，毒蛇咬伤。
Di-tao-hua, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the root or the whole plant of Urena lobata L. or Urena lobata L. var. scabriuscula (DC.) Walp., plants of the family Malvaceae. Di-tao-hua is distributed in the area south of the Yangtze River in China. Urena lobata L. var. scabriuscula is distributed in the southwest, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and other regions. It has the functions of dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation and reducing swelling, clearing heat and detoxifying. It is commonly used for colds, rheumatic pain, dysentery, diarrhea, gonorrhea, leukorrhea, irregular menstruation, bruises, swelling and pain, throat bi, breast abscess, sores, and snake bites.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风利湿，活血消肿，清热解毒。
Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting blood circulation and reducing swelling, clearing heat and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

感冒，风湿痹痛，痢疾，泄泻，淋证，带下，月经不调，跌打肿痛，喉痹，乳痈，疮疖，毒蛇咬伤。
Commonly used for colds, rheumatic pain, dysentery, diarrhea, urinary tract infections, leukorrhea, irregular menstruation, bruises and swelling from falls, sore throat, breast abscesses, sores, and snake bites.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，30-60g；或捣汁。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 30-60g; or pounded into juice. External use: Apply an appropriate amount, pound and apply.

注意事项 Precautions

脾胃虚寒者禁服。《云南中草药》：“忌鱼腥、豆类。”
Those with spleen and stomach deficiency-cold should avoid taking it. Yunnan Chinese Herbal Medicine: "Avoid fishy foods and legumes."

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1. 《生草药性备要》：“治跌打，根煲酒饮。”

2. 《广西中药志》：“根及茎治痢疾。叶敷疮及毒蛇咬伤。”

3. 《贵州民间药物》：“通络散瘀。”

4. 《贵州草药》：“利湿。”“解毒，活血，祛瘀，取异物。”

5. 广州部队《常用中草药手册》：“祛风利湿，清热解毒。主治风湿痹痛，肠炎痢疾，毒蛇咬伤，跌打损伤。”

6. 《云南中草药》：“祛风除湿，消肿排脓。主治风湿关节痛，风湿瘫痪，感冒，疔疮。”

7. 南药《中草药学》：“治月经不调，白带多，腰肌劳损。”

8. 《福建药物志》：“主治胃痛、疟疾、劳倦乏力、乳腺炎、新旧伤痛、骨折。”

9. 《湖北中草药志》：“益气健脾，祛风活血，解毒散结。用于甲状腺肿大，脱肛，外伤出血。”

10. Compendium of Materia Medica: "For treating bruises and sprains, boil the roots in alcohol and drink."

11. Guangxi Materia Medica: "The roots and stems are used to treat dysentery. The leaves are applied to wounds and snake bites."

12. Traditional Folk Medicine in Guizhou: "Promotes blood circulation and removes blood stasis."

13. Herbal Medicine in Guizhou: "Dampness expelling. Detoxification, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and extracting foreign objects."

14. Common Chinese Herbal Medicine Manual of Guangzhou Troops: "Dispels wind and dampness, clears heat and detoxifies. Mainly used for rheumatic pain, enteritis, dysentery, snake bites, and injuries from falls."

15. Yunnan Chinese Herbal Medicine: "Dispels wind and dampness, reduces swelling and drains pus. Mainly used for rheumatic joint pain, rheumatic paralysis, colds, and carbuncles."

16. Chinese Herbal Medicine: "Treats irregular menstruation, excessive vaginal discharge, and lumbar muscle strain."

17. Fujian Pharmacopoeia: "Mainly used for stomach pain, malaria, fatigue, mastitis, old and new injuries, and fractures."

18. Hubei Materia Medica: "Tonifies qi, strengthens the spleen, dispels wind, promotes blood circulation, detoxifies, and resolves masses. Used for goiter, prolapse of the anus, and external bleeding."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1. 治感冒：野桃花根24g。水煎服。（《云南中草药》）

2. 治风湿痹痛：肖梵天花、三桠苦、两面针、昆明鸡血藤各30g。水煎服。（《福建药物志》）

3. 治痈疮，拔脓：生地桃花根捣烂敷。（《广西药用植物图志》）

4. For treating common cold: 24g of wild peach flower root. Decoct in water and take orally. (Yunnan Chinese Herbal Medicine)

5. For treating rheumatism and arthralgia: 30g each of Abutilon indicum, Evodia lepta, Acronychia pedunculata, and Spatholobus harmandii. Decoct in water and take orally. (Fujian Materia Medica)

6. For treating abscesses and promoting pus drainage: Crush fresh Abutilon indicum root and apply topically. (Guangxi Illustrated Handbook of Medicinal Plants)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全草全年均可采，除去杂质，切碎，晒干。根部于冬季挖取，洗去泥沙，切片，晒干。
The whole plant can be harvested all year round, cleaned of impurities, chopped, and sun-dried. The roots are dug up in winter, washed to remove mud and sand, sliced, and sun-dried.

炮制方法：取原药材，除去杂质，洗净，润软，切断，干燥。
Processing method: Take the raw herb, remove impurities, wash thoroughly, soften, cut into sections, and dry.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：

1. 干燥根呈圆柱形，略弯曲，支根少数，上生多数须根，表面淡黄色，具纵皱纹；质硬，断面呈破裂状。
2. 茎灰绿色至暗绿色，具粗浅的纵纹，密被星状毛和柔毛，上部嫩枝具数条纵棱；质硬，木部断面不平坦，皮部富纤维，难以折断。
3. 叶多破碎，完整者多卷曲，上表面深绿色，下表面粉绿色，密被短柔毛和星状毛，掌状网脉，下面突出，叶腋有宿存的托叶。气微，味淡。

饮片性状：

1. 微不规则的小段，根、茎、叶混合。
2. 根圆柱形，栓皮粗糙，棕褐色；茎暗绿色，密被星状柔毛；叶片多卷曲，上表面深绿色，下表面粉绿色，两面被毛。
3. 花冠淡红色，已破碎。气微，味淡。

Medicinal material characteristics:

1. The dried roots are cylindrical, slightly curved, with few lateral roots and numerous fibrous roots. The surface is light yellow with longitudinal wrinkles; hard in texture, with a fractured cross-section.
2. Stems are grayish-green to dark green, with coarse shallow longitudinal ridges, densely covered with stellate and soft hairs. Young upper branches have several longitudinal ridges; hard in texture, with uneven xylem and fibrous bark that is difficult to break.
3. Leaves are mostly fragmented; intact ones are curled, dark green on upper surface, pale green beneath, densely covered with short soft and stellate hairs, with prominent palmate veins underneath, and persistent stipules in leaf axils. Odor is faint; taste is bland.

Characteristics of processed slices:

1. Irregular small segments, mixture of root, stem, and leaf.
2. Roots are cylindrical with rough, brownish cork; stems are dark green, densely covered with stellate soft hairs; leaves are mostly curled, dark green above, pale green below, hairy on both surfaces.
3. Corolla is pale red and fragmented. Odor is faint; taste is bland.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：锦葵科植物地桃花（Abutilon indicum）或粗叶地桃花（Abutilon grandifolium）。
Botanical species: Abutilon indicum or Abutilon grandifolium, plants of the Malvaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

1. 地桃花（又名肖梵天花）：直立亚灌木状草本，高达1m。小枝被星状绒毛。叶互生；叶柄长1-4cm，被灰白色星状毛；托叶线形，长约2mm，早落；茎下部的叶近圆形，长4-5cm，宽5-6cm，先端浅3裂，基部圆形或近心形，边缘具锯齿；中部的叶卵形，长5-7cm，宽3-6.5cm；上部的叶长圆形至披针形，长4-7cm，宽1.5-3cm；叶上面被柔毛，下面被灰白色星状绒毛。花腋生，单生或稍丛生，淡红色，直径约15mm；花梗长约3mm，被绵毛；小苞片5，长约6mm，基部合生；花萼杯状，裂片5，较小苞片略短，两者均被星状柔毛；花瓣5，倒卵形，长约15mm，外面被星状柔毛；雄蕊柱长约15mm，无毛；花柱枝10，微被长硬毛。果扁球形，直径约1cm，分果爿被星状短柔毛和锚状刺。花期7-10月。

2. 粗叶地桃花（又名消风草、千捶打野桃花、狗扯尾、痴头婆）：本变种与上种极相似，主要区别是：叶密被粗短绒毛和绵毛，下部的叶较宽而很少分裂，先端通常3浅裂，基部近心形，上部的叶卵形或近圆形，具锯齿；小苞片线形，密被绵毛，略长过于萼片；花瓣长10-13mm。

3. Abutilon indicum (also known as Xiaofantianhua): Erect subshrub-like herb, up to 1m tall. Branchlets covered with stellate tomentum. Leaves alternate; petioles 1–4 cm long, covered with grayish-white stellate hairs; stipules linear, ~2 mm long, caducous. Lower stem leaves nearly circular, 4–5 cm long, 5–6 cm wide, shallowly 3-lobed at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, serrate margins; middle leaves ovate, 5–7 cm × 3–6.5 cm; upper leaves oblong to lanceolate, 4–7 cm × 1.5–3 cm. Upper leaf surface pubescent, lower surface densely covered with grayish-white stellate tomentum. Flowers axillary, solitary or slightly clustered, pale red, ~15 mm in diameter; pedicels ~3 mm long, pubescent; epicalyx bracts 5, ~6 mm long, basally connate; calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, slightly shorter than bracts; both covered with stellate pubescence. Petals 5, obovate, ~15 mm long, externally stellate-pubescent. Androgynophore ~15 mm long, glabrous. Stigmas 10, sparsely long-hairy. Fruit flattened-globose, ~1 cm in diameter; mericarps covered with stellate short pubescence and anchor-shaped prickles. Flowering from July to October.

4. Abutilon grandifolium (also known as Xiaofengcao, Qianchuidaye taohua, Gouchewei, Chitoupo): Very similar to the above, but differs mainly in: leaves densely covered with coarse short tomentum and pubescence; lower leaves broader and less divided, usually shallowly 3-lobed, base subcordate; upper leaves ovate to nearly round, serrate; epicalyx bracts linear, densely pubescent, slightly longer than sepals; petals 10–13 mm long.

生长环境 Growing Environment

1. 地桃花：生于干热的空旷地、草坡或疏林下。我国长江以南地区均有分布。

2. 粗叶地桃花：生于海拔500-1500m的草坡、山边灌丛和路旁。分布于西南及福建、广东、广西等地。

3. Abutilon indicum: Grows in dry, hot open areas, grassy slopes, or under sparse forests. Widely distributed south of the Yangtze River in China.

4. Abutilon grandifolium: Found on grassy slopes, shrublands at altitudes of 500–1500 m, and along roadsides. Distributed in southwestern China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and other regions.