苦艾，中药名。为菊科植物中亚苦蒿ArtemisiaabsinthiumL.的叶和花枝。分布于新疆；我国南京等地有栽培。具有清热燥湿，驱蛔，健胃之功效。常用于关节肿痛，湿疹瘙痒，疖肿疮毒，蛔虫病，食欲不振。
Ku-ai, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Artemisia absinthium L.), also known as wormwood, is the leaf and flower branch of the Asteraceae plant Artemisia absinthium L. It is distributed in Xinjiang and cultivated in Nanjing and other places in China. It has the functions of clearing heat and drying dampness, expelling roundworms, and invigorating the stomach. It is commonly used for joint pain, eczema itching, abscesses, swellings, and toxic sores, as well as for treating worm infestations and poor appetite.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热燥湿，驱蛔，健胃。
Clearing heat, drying dampness, expelling parasites, and invigorating the stomach.

主治 Indications

关节肿痛，湿疹瘙痒，疖肿疮毒，蛔虫病，食欲不振。
Joint swelling and pain, eczema itching, abscesses, boils, and carbuncles, pinworm disease, and loss of appetite.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3-6g。外用：适量，煎水洗；或熬膏敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 3-6g. External use: appropriate amount, decoct with water for washing; or apply as a paste.

注意事项 Precautions

具有引起头痛的副作用，矫正药为洋茴香。
The side effect causing headache can be alleviated by using fennel as a corrective medicine.

药理作用 Pharmacological Action

中枢兴奋作用。
Central excitatory effect.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《新疆中草药》：“清热燥湿，杀虫止痒。”
"Xinjiang Herbal Medicine": "Clears heat, dries dampness, kills parasites, and relieves itching."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治关节炎：苦艾90-150g。煎汤熏洗患部，或熬膏外敷。（《新疆中草药》）

1. Treatment of arthritis: 90-150g of mugwort. Decoct and steam the affected area, or make a paste for external application. (From "Xinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine")

2、治湿疹，疮疖：苦艾、刺黄柏等分。煎水洗患部。（《新疆中草药》）
2. Treatment of eczema and ulcers: mugwort and Phellodendron amurense in equal parts. Decoct and use the solution to wash the affected area. (From "Xinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine")

3、治蛔虫：苦艾3-5g。水煎服。（《新疆中草药》）
3. Treatment of roundworms: 3-5g of mugwort. Decoct and take orally. (From "Xinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏季开花前割取花枝或采叶，晒干。
Harvest and process: Before the summer flowering season, cut the flower branches or pick the leaves, then dry them in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：全体银灰色，被大量丝样紧贴的柔毛，用手触之有柔软感。茎具纵向明显条棱，横断面白色，有髓。叶互生，下部叶有柄，完整的叶，用水湿润展平后，叶片二至三回羽状分裂，小叶片三角状圆形，中部无叶柄，二回羽状分裂，上部叶为羽状分裂，苞叶3裂或不裂，裂片线状长椭圆形，钝尖，全缘或有锯齿缘。众多下垂球形头状花序，组成大型圆锥形花丛，头状花序单个或成双，由披针形的苞腋生出，直径3-4mm，总苞2-3层，覆瓦状排列，外层苞片线状，密被绵毛，内侧苞片椭圆形，膜质；花托具白色托毛；花黄绿色，中央花两性，杯状；边花雌性，狭筒状。气蒿样芳香，味苦。
Medicinal characteristics: All silver-gray, covered with a large amount of silky soft hairs, feels soft to the touch. The stem has obvious longitudinal ribs, white in cross-section, with pith. Leaves are alternate, lower leaves have petioles, complete leaves, when moistened with water and flattened, leaf blades are bipinnately divided two to three times, small leaflets triangular to circular, middle leaves without petioles, bipinnately divided, upper leaves pinnately divided, bracts 3-lobed or unlobed, lobes linear-oblong, obtuse at apex, entire or serrated. Numerous pendulous globose capitula form large conical inflorescences. Capitula solitary or paired, arising from lanceolate bract axils, 3-4mm in diameter, involucre 2-3 layers, imbricate, outer bracts linear, densely woolly, inner bracts elliptical, membranous; receptacle with white pappus; flowers yellow-green, central flowers bisexual, cup-shaped; marginal flowers female, narrowly tubular. Has an artemisia-like fragrance and a bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：菊科植物中亚苦蒿。
Plant species: Artemisia sieversiana in the Asteraceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

中亚苦蒿，又名洋艾。多年生草本。主根明显，单一，垂直，有时木质化，直径达3厘米；根状茎稍粗短，垂直，直径1-2.5厘米，常有短小的营养枝，枝上密生营养叶。茎单生或2-3枚，直立，高60-150厘米，有纵棱，密被灰白色短柔毛，上半部多分枝，枝长10-20厘米，斜向上。叶纸质，叶两面幼时密被黄白色或灰黄色稍带绢质的短柔毛，后叶面毛渐稀疏，背面毛宿存；茎下部与营养枝的叶长卵形或卵形，长8-12厘米，宽7-9厘米，二至三回羽状全裂，每侧有裂片4-5枚，裂片长卵形或椭圆形，再次羽状全裂，小裂片椭圆状披针形或线状披针形，长8-15毫米，宽2-4(-7)毫米，先端钝尖，叶柄长6-12厘米；中部叶长卵形或卵形，长6-9厘米，宽3-7厘米，二回羽状全裂，小裂片线状披针形，长（0.8-）1-2.5厘米，宽2-5毫米，叶柄长2-6厘米；上部叶长4-6厘米，宽2-4厘米，羽状全裂或全裂，裂片披针形或线状披针形，长8-12毫米，宽2-4（-6）毫米，近无柄；苞片叶3深裂或不分裂，裂片或不分裂的苞片叶披针形或线状披针形。头状花序球形或近球形，直径2.5-3.5(-4)毫米，有短梗或近无梗，下垂，基部有狭线形的小苞叶，在分枝及茎端排成穗状花序式的总状花序，并在茎上组成略开展或中等开展的扫帚形的圆锥花序；总苞片3-4层，外层、中层总苞片椭圆形，背面有白色柔毛与绿色中肋，边缘膜质，内层总苞片卵形，近膜质，背面近无毛；花序托密被白色托毛；雌花1层，15-25朵，花冠狭圆锥状或狭管状，檐部具2裂齿，花柱线形，伸出花冠外，先端分叉长，叉端锐尖；两性花4-6层，30-70(90)朵，花冠管状，花药披针形或线形，顶端附属物尖，长三角形，先端锐尖，花药基部圆钝，花柱与花冠近等长，先端2叉，叉端截形，柱头具睫毛。瘦果长圆形，顶端微有不对称的冠状边缘。花果期8-11月。
Artemisia sieversiana, also known as wormwood, is a perennial herb. The main root is prominent, single, vertical, sometimes woody, up to 3 cm in diameter; rhizome slightly thick and short, vertical, 1–2.5 cm in diameter, often bearing short nutrient branches densely covered with nutrient leaves. Stem solitary or 2–3, erect, 60–150 cm tall, longitudinally ridged, densely covered with grayish-white short soft hairs, much branched in the upper part, branches 10–20 cm long, ascending obliquely. Leaves papery, both surfaces densely covered with yellowish-white or grayish-yellow slightly silky soft hairs when young, becoming sparser on the adaxial surface with age, abaxial hairs persistent. Lower stem and nutritional branch leaves long ovate or ovate, 8–12 cm × 7–9 cm, bipinnately or tripinnately completely divided, with 4–5 pairs of primary lobes, lobes long ovate or elliptic, further pinnately divided into small lobes that are elliptic-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 8–15 mm long, 2–4(–7) mm wide, apex blunt, petiole 6–12 cm long. Middle leaves long ovate or ovate, 6–9 cm × 3–7 cm, bipinnately completely divided, lobules linear-lanceolate, (0.8–)1–2.5 cm × 2–5 mm, petiole 2–6 cm long. Upper leaves 4–6 cm × 2–4 cm, pinnately completely divided or entire, lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 8–12 mm × 2–4(–6) mm, nearly sessile. Bract leaves 3-parted or undivided, lobes or entire bract leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Capitula spherical or nearly so, 2.5–3.5(–4) mm in diameter, shortly stalked or nearly sessile, pendulous, with narrow linear bracts at base, arranged in spike-like racemes at branch tips and stem ends, forming slightly to moderately open broom-shaped panicles on the stem. Involucre 3–4 layers, outer and middle bracts elliptic, with white soft hairs and green midvein on back, margins membranous; inner bracts ovate, nearly membranous, nearly glabrous. Receptacle densely covered with white pappus. Pistillate flowers one layer, 15–25, corolla narrowly conical or narrowly tubular, limb with 2 teeth, style linear, exserted, bifurcated at tip, forks sharp. Hermaphroditic flowers 4–6 layers, 30–70(90), corolla tubular, anthers lanceolate or linear, apical appendages acute, subtriangular, sharply pointed; anther base rounded; style nearly equaling corolla, bifurcated at apex, fork tips truncate, stigmas ciliate. Achene elongate-elliptic, apex with slightly asymmetrical crown-like margin. Flowering and fruiting from August to November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于新疆；我国南京等地有栽培。
Distributed in Xinjiang; cultivated in places such as Nanjing, China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1100-1500m的山坡、草原、林缘及灌丛中。
Grows on slopes, grasslands, forest edges, and thickets at altitudes of 1100–1500 meters.