白鹤灵芝，中药名。为爵床科灵枝草属植物白鹤灵芝Rhinacanthusnasutus(L.)Kurz的枝或叶。分布于云南、广东、海南等地。具有清热润肺，杀虫止痒之功效。常用于劳嗽，疥癣，湿疹。
Bai-he-ling-zhi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz), a plant of the Acanthaceae family, is a shrub or herb of the Rhinacanthus genus. It is distributed in Yunnan, Guangdong, Hainan, and other places. It has the functions of clearing heat, moistening the lungs, and killing insects to relieve itching. It is commonly used for chronic cough, scabies, and eczema.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热润肺，杀虫止痒。
Clearing heat and moistening the lungs, killing parasites and relieving itching.

主治 Indications

用于劳嗽，疥癣，湿疹。
Used for cough due to overexertion, scabies, and eczema.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：10-15g，鲜品倍量。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷。
Internal use: 10-15g, double the amount for fresh herbs. External use: appropriate amount, crush and apply fresh herbs.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、夏季采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in spring or summer, wash and use fresh or dry.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：茎类圆柱形，直径1-7mm，有6条细棱及纵皱纹；嫩茎灰绿色，老茎黄白色，节稍膨大；老茎质坚硬，难折断，断面呈纤维状；木质部淡绿色，髓部白色；叶对生有短柄，叶片椭圆形，全缘，黄绿色；气微，味淡。
The medicinal material characteristics: stems are cylindrical, with a diameter of 1-7mm, and have 6 fine ridges and longitudinal wrinkles; young stems are grayish-green, old stems are yellowish-white, and the nodes are slightly swollen; old stems are hard and difficult to break, with a fibrous cross-section; the xylem is light green, and the pith is white; leaves are opposite with short petioles, elliptic in shape, entire margins, and yellowish-green in color; the scent is faint, and the taste is mild.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：爵床科灵枝草属植物白鹤灵芝。
The plant species: Rhinacanthus nasutus, belonging to the Acanthaceae family (formerly classified under Lamiaceae in error; corrected), genus Rhinacanthus.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生、直立草本或亚灌木；茎稍粗壮，密被短柔毛，干时黄绿色。叶椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，稀披针形，顶端短渐尖或急尖，有时稍钝头，基部楔形，边全缘或稍呈浅波状，长2-7（-11）厘米，宽8-30毫米，纸质，上面被疏柔毛或近无毛，背面被密柔毛；侧脉每边5-6条，斜升，不达叶缘；叶柄长5-15毫米，主茎上叶较大，分枝上叶较小。圆锥花序由小聚伞花序组成，顶生或有时腋生；花序轴通常2或3回分枝，通常3出，密被短柔毛；苞片和小苞片长约1毫米；花萼内外均被茸毛，裂片长约2毫米；花冠白色，长2.5厘米或过之，被柔毛，上唇线状披针形，比下唇短，顶端常下弯，下唇3深裂至中部，冠檐裂片倒卵形，近等大，花丝无毛，花粉粒长球形，极面观为钝三角形；花柱和子房被疏柔毛。蒴果未见。
Perennial, erect herbaceous or sub-shrub; stem slightly stout, densely covered with short soft hairs, yellow-green when dry. Leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rarely lanceolate, shortly acuminate or acute at the apex, sometimes slightly obtuse, cuneate at the base, margin entire or slightly undulate, 2-7 (-11) cm long, 8-30 mm wide, papery, sparsely hairy or nearly glabrous on the upper surface, densely hairy on the lower surface; 5-6 pairs of oblique ascending lateral veins on each side, not reaching the leaf margin; petiole 5-15 mm long, larger on the main stem leaves, smaller on the branch leaves. The conical inflorescence is composed of small umbel-like clusters, terminal or sometimes axillary; the inflorescence axis usually branches 2 or 3 times, usually 3-flowered, densely covered with short soft hairs; bracts and bracteoles about 1 mm long; both the inner and outer calyx are hairy, lobes about 2 mm long; corolla white, over 2.5 cm long, hairy, upper lip linear-lanceolate, shorter than the lower lip, often bent downward at the apex, lower lip 3-lobed to the middle, lobes of the corolla limb inverted ovate, nearly equal in size, stamens glabrous, pollen grains oblong, with a blunt triangular appearance in polar view; ovary and style sparsely hairy. No capsules observed.

分布区域 Distribution Area

产于云南（景东、耿马）野生，广东（广州、阳春）、海南（海口、陵水）栽培。印度、缅甸、泰国、中南半岛和印度尼西亚爪哇栽培，菲律宾有分布。
Wild in Yunnan (Jingdong, Gengma), cultivated in Guangdong (Guangzhou, Yangchun) and Hainan (Haikou, Lingshui). Also cultivated in India, Myanmar, Thailand, the Indochina Peninsula, and Java, Indonesia, and distributed in the Philippines.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔700米左右的灌丛或疏林下。
Born in shrubs or sparse forests at an altitude of about 700 meters.