东北堇菜，中药名。为堇菜科植物东北堇菜ViolamandshuricaW.Bckr.的全草。分布于东北、华北及陕西、甘肃、山东、台湾等地。具有清热解毒，消肿排脓之功效。常用于痈疽疔毒，目赤肿痛，咽喉肿痛，乳痈，黄疸，各种脓肿，淋巴结核，泄泻，痢疾。
Dong-bei-jin-cai, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole herb of Violamandshurica W.Bckr., a plant of the Violaceae family, is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Taiwan, and other regions. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, reducing swelling, and promoting suppuration. It is commonly used for treating carbuncles, furuncles, sore and swollen eyes, sore throat, breast abscess, jaundice, various abscesses, lymphadenitis, diarrhea, and dysentery.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，消肿排脓。
Clearing heat, detoxifying, reducing swelling, and draining pus.

主治 Indications

痈疽疔毒，目赤肿痛，咽喉肿痛，乳痈，黄疸，各种脓肿，淋巴结核，泄泻，痢疾。
Boils, carbuncles, and abscesses, redness, swelling, and pain in the eyes, sore throat, breast abscess, jaundice, various types of abscesses, lymphadenitis, diarrhea, dysentery.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g。外用：适量，鲜品捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g. External use: Appropriate amount, fresh product mashed for application.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《全国中草药汇编》：“清热解毒，凉血消肿。主治痈疖，丹毒，乳腺炎，目赤肿痛，咽炎，黄疸型肝炎，肠炎，毒蛇咬伤。”
"Compendium of Chinese Herbal Medicines": "Clears heat, detoxifies, cools blood, and reduces swelling. Used to treat carbuncles, erysipelas, mastitis, red and swollen eyes, pharyngitis, jaundice-type hepatitis, enteritis, and snake bites."

《台湾药用植物志》：“根为催眠药。治香港脚，以叶揉盐后涂患处；治肿毒，以叶捣敷患处。紫花地丁根为催吐、泻下药。”
"Taiwan Medicinal Plants": "The root is a sedative. Used to treat athlete's foot by rubbing salt on the affected area after crushing the leaves; used to treat swelling and toxins by pounding the leaves and applying them to the affected area. The root of Hedyotis corymbosa is an emetic and purgative."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治化脓性感染：①紫花地丁、蒲公英、半边莲各15g，水煎服；药渣外敷。②鲜紫花地丁、鲜野菊花各60g。共捣汁分2次服；药渣敷患处。③鲜紫花地丁、鲜芙蓉花各等量，加食盐少许，共捣烂敷患处；同时用鲜紫花地丁60-90g，水煎服。（《全国中草药汇编》）
Treatment of purulent infections: ① 15g each of violet herbs, dandelion, and half lotus, decocted in water for oral administration; apply the herbal residue externally. ② 60g each of fresh violet herbs and wild chrysanthemum, decocted and taken in two doses; apply the herbal residue to the affected area. ③ Equal amounts of fresh violet herbs and fresh hibiscus flowers, mashed with a little salt, apply the paste to the affected area; simultaneously take 60-90g of fresh violet herbs decocted in water. (From "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines")

治眼结膜炎、咽炎：鲜紫花地丁60-90g，水煎服。（《全国中草药汇编》）
Treatment of conjunctivitis and pharyngitis: Take 60-90g of fresh violet herbs decocted in water. (From "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in summer or autumn, wash and clean, use fresh or sun-dry.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：多皱缩成团。湿润展开后，根细长，深褐色或灰白色。基生叶卵状披针形或条形，顶端钝圆，边缘波状，基部下延至叶柄。质脆易碎。气微，味微苦。
The dried plant is wrinkled and shriveled into clusters. When moistened, it expands and the roots are long and slender, deep brown or grayish-white. The basal leaves are ovate-lanceolate or linear, with blunt rounded tips, undulating margins, and extending downwards to the petiole at the base. The texture is brittle and fragile. It has a slight aroma and a slightly bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：堇菜科植物东北堇菜。
The plant belongs to the Violaceae family, known as Viola mandshurica.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生草本，无地上茎，高6-18cm。根茎短，垂直，节密生，常自一处发出数条较粗壮的褐色长根；根通常平滑，向下斜伸或有时稍横生。基生叶少数至多数；叶片长圆形，舌形、卵状披针形，长2-6cm，宽0.5-1.5cm，花期后叶片渐增大，呈长三角形，椭圆状披针形，长可达10余厘米，宽达5cm，先端钝或圆，基部截形或宽楔形，下延于叶柄，边缘疏生波状浅圆齿，有时下部近全缘；叶柄较长，长2.5-8cm，上部具狭翅，花期后翅明显增宽；托叶膜质，下部者鳞片状，褐色，上部者淡褐色、淡紫色或苍白色，约2/3以上与叶柄合生，线状披针形，边缘疏生细齿或近全缘。花较大，紫堇色或淡紫色；花梗细长，常超出于叶；萼片5，卵状披针形或披针形，基部有宽而短的附属物；花瓣5，距粗管状，向上弯或直；雄蕊的药隔先端有附属物；子房卵球形，花柱棍棒状，柱头上短喙先端具柱头孔。蒴果长圆形，长1-1.5cm，无毛，先端尖。种子卵球形，淡红棕色。花、果期4月至9月。
Perennial herb, without aboveground stems, 6-18cm tall. Rhizome short, vertical, densely noded, often emitting several thick brown long roots from one place; roots usually smooth, extending downward obliquely or sometimes slightly horizontally. Few to numerous basal leaves; leaf blades oblong, tongue-shaped, ovate-lanceolate, 2-6cm long, 0.5-1.5cm wide, gradually increasing in size after flowering, triangular or elliptic-lanceolate, up to over 10cm long, 5cm wide, blunt or rounded at the tip, truncate or broadly wedge-shaped at the base, extending down on the petiole, margin sparsely serrate with shallow rounded teeth, sometimes nearly entire at the lower part; petiole relatively long, 2.5-8cm long, with narrow wings in the upper part, wings significantly widening after flowering; stipules membranous, lower ones scale-like, brown, upper ones pale brown, pale purple, or pale, about 2/3 or more adnate to the petiole, linear-lanceolate, margin sparsely serrate or nearly entire. Flowers relatively large, purple or light purple; pedicels slender, often exceeding the leaves; sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, with broad and short appendages at the base; petals 5, tubular, bent upwards or straight; anthers with appendages at the connective; ovary ovoid, style rod-like, stigma with a short beak at the tip bearing a stigma pore. Capsule elongated oval, 1-1.5cm long, glabrous, pointed at the tip. Seeds ovoid, pale reddish-brown. Flowering and fruiting period from April to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于东北、华北及陕西、甘肃、山东、台湾等地。
Distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Taiwan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于草地、草坡、灌丛、林缘、疏林下、田野荒地及河岸沙地处。
Born in grasslands, grassy slopes, thickets, forest edges, sparse forests, fields, wastelands, and riverbanks.