地仙桃，中药名。为紫草科植物梓木草LithospermumzollingeriDC.的果实。分布于华北、华中及陕西、甘肃、青海、新疆、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、台湾、四川、贵州、西藏等地。具有温中散寒，行气活血，消肿止痛之功效。常用于胃脘冷痛作胀，泛吐酸水，跌打肿痛，骨折。
Di-xian-tao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the fruit of the purple grass plant Lithospermum zollingeri DC., is distributed in North China, Central China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet, and other regions. It has the effects of warming the middle, dispelling cold, promoting qi circulation, activating blood circulation, reducing swelling, and relieving pain. It is often used for cold and painful distention in the epigastric region, vomiting of sour water, bruises, and fractures.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

温中散寒，行气活血，消肿止痛。
Warm the middle, dispel cold, promote qi circulation, activate blood circulation, reduce swelling, and alleviate pain.

主治 Indications

胃脘冷痛作胀，泛吐酸水，跌打肿痛，骨折。
Stomach pain with cold sensation and distension, vomiting sour water, bruising pain from falls, and fractures.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，3-6g；或研末。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: decoction, 3-6g; or powder. External use: appropriate amount, apply as a poultice.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

抑菌作用。
Antibacterial effect.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《陕西中草药》：“温中健胃，消肿止痛，止血。主治胃胀反酸，胃寒疼，吐血，跌打损伤，骨折。”
"Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine": "Warms the middle, strengthens the stomach, reduces swelling and relieves pain, stops bleeding. Used to treat stomach distention, acid reflux, stomach cold pain, vomiting blood, bruises, and fractures."

临床应用 Clinical Application

临床用于治疗胃痛吐酸、胀满、跌打损伤和骨折等。
Clinically used for treating stomach pain, acid regurgitation, bloating, contusions, and fractures, etc.

相关配伍 Related Compatibility

1. 治胃寒反酸：地仙桃1-1.5g。研粉，生姜煎水冲服。(《陕西中草药》)
   Treatment for stomach cold causing acid reflux: 1-1.5g of Diexiantao. Grind into powder, decoct with fresh ginger and take orally. (From "Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine")

2. 治呕血：地仙桃3g，芋儿七3g。共嚼食。(《陕西中草药》)
   Treatment for vomiting blood: 3g of Diexiantao, 3g of Yuerqi. Chew and swallow together. (From "Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine")

附注 Note

地仙桃茎（去叶）、根：功效类似果实。
The stem (leaves removed) and root of Diexiantao have effects similar to those of the fruit.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：7-9月果熟时采收，晒干。
Harvest the fruits when they ripen from July to September, and then dry them in the sun.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：果实椭圆形或斜卵球形，长3-3.5mm，腹面中线凹陷成纵沟。表面乳白色，光滑润泽。质坚硬，破碎后可见种子，种皮与果壳愈合，棕黑色，种仁灰白色而稍黄。富油脂。
The fruit is elliptical or oblong-ovoid, 3-3.5mm long, with a longitudinal groove on the ventral surface. The surface is milky white, smooth and glossy. The texture is hard, and seeds can be seen after breaking, with the seed coat fused with the fruit shell, dark brown, and the kernel greyish-white with a slight yellow tinge. Rich in oil.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：紫草科植物梓木草。
Zimuc grass is a plant of the Boraginaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

梓木草，又名琉璃草、小紫草、墨飞、猫舌头草。多年生匍匐草本。根数条，粗线形，外皮黑褐色。茎基部常平卧，匍匐，茎长达30cm；新枝自老枝叶腋长出，直立，全株被开展的糙伏毛。基生叶有短柄；叶片倒披针形或匙形，长3-6cm，宽8-18mm，茎生叶近无柄，倒披针形，先端急尖或钝，基部较狭，全缘，两面均被白色糙伏毛，下面较密。花单生于新枝上部的叶腋，或有数朵花形成稀疏的花序；苞片叶状，披针形；花萼长6.5mm，5裂，裂片线状披针形，两面被硬毛；花冠蓝色，稀蓝紫色或白色，长1.5-2cm，5裂，裂片倒卵形，近等大，外面稍有毛，喉部有5条向筒部延伸的纵褶，呈龙骨状凸起，与花冠裂片对生；雄蕊5，内藏，着生在花冠筒中部以下；子房4深裂，花柱1，线形，直立，柱头头状。小坚果4，斜卵圆形，乳白色，平滑，长2.5-3mm，腹面中线凹陷成纵沟，包在宿萼中。花期4-5月，果期6-8月。
Zimuc grass, also known as Luli grass, small purple grass, Mofei, and cat's tongue grass. It is a perennial creeping herb. It has several roots, thick linear, and dark brown outer skin. The base of the stem is often prostrate, creeping, with stems up to 30cm long; new branches grow upright from the old branches, and the whole plant is covered with spreading rough hairs. The basal leaves have short petioles; the leaf blades are inverted lanceolate or spoon-shaped, 3-6cm long, 8-18mm wide. The stem leaves are nearly stalkless, inverted lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the apex, narrow at the base, with entire margins, covered with white rough hairs on both sides, denser on the lower side. The flowers are solitary in the upper leaf axils of the new branches, or there are several flowers forming sparse inflorescences; the bracts are leaf-like, lanceolate; the calyx is 6.5mm long, 5-lobed, lobes linear-lanceolate, with stiff hairs on both sides; the corolla is blue, rarely blue-purple or white, 1.5-2cm long, 5-lobed, lobes inverted ovate, nearly equal in size, slightly hairy on the outside, with 5 longitudinal folds extending toward the throat, forming a dragon bone-shaped protrusion opposite the corolla lobes; there are 5 stamens, included, attached below the middle of the corolla tube; the ovary is deeply 4-parted, style 1, linear, erect, stigma head-shaped. Four nutlets, obliquely oval, milky white, smooth, 2.5-3mm long, with a longitudinal groove on the ventral side, enclosed in the persistent calyx. Flowers from April to May, fruits from June to August.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于华北、华中及陕西、甘肃、青海、新疆、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、台湾、四川、贵州、西藏等地。
Distributed in North China, Central China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于丘陵山地、林下路边草丛中。
Born in hilly mountainous areas, among the grass by the roadside under the trees.