肾蕨，中药名。为肾蕨科植物肾蕨Nephrolepisauriculata(L.)Trimen的根茎、叶或全草。分布于华南、西南及浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南等地。具有清热利湿，通淋止咳，消肿解毒之功效。用于感冒发热，肺热咳嗽，黄疸，淋浊，小便涩痛，泄泻，痢疾，带下，疝气，乳痈，瘰疬，烫伤，刀伤，淋巴结炎，体癣，睾丸炎。
Shen-jue, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the rhizome, leaves, or whole plant of Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen, a plant of the Nephrolepidaceae family. It is distributed in South China, Southwest China, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, and Hunan. It has the functions of clearing heat and dampness, promoting urination and stopping cough, and reducing swelling and detoxification. It is used for fever, lung heat cough, jaundice, cloudy urine, painful urination, diarrhea, dysentery, leukorrhea, hernia, breast abscess, scrofula, burns, cuts, lymphadenitis, tinea corporis, and orchitis.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热利湿，通淋止咳，消肿解毒。
Clearing heat and dampness, promoting urination, stopping cough, reducing swelling and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

感冒发热，肺热咳嗽，黄疸，淋浊，小便涩痛，泄泻，痢疾，带下，疝气，乳痈，瘰疬，烫伤，刀伤，淋巴结炎，体癣，睾丸炎。
Common cold with fever, lung heat cough, jaundice, turbid urine (lin syndrome), painful urination, diarrhea, dysentery, leukorrhea, hernia, breast abscess, scrofula, burns, cuts, lymphadenitis, tinea corporis, orchitis.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g，鲜品30-60g。外用：适量，鲜全草或根茎捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 6–15g dried or 30–60g fresh. External use: Apply appropriate amount of fresh whole herb or rhizome as a poultice.

注意事项 Precautions

忌吃酸、辣、萝卜等食物。
Avoid sour, spicy foods, radishes, and similar items.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

《福建药物志》：“主治睾丸炎，痢疾，肠炎，呕逆，中耳炎，痈，疔，多发性脓肿。”
"Fujian Materia Medica": "Mainly used for orchitis, dysentery, enteritis, vomiting, otitis media, carbuncles, furuncles, and multiple abscesses."

临床应用 Clinical Application

用于治疗发烧不退，崩漏，带下过多，痔疮和小便淋漓等。
Used to treat persistent fever, menorrhagia, excessive vaginal discharge, hemorrhoids, and dribbling urination, etc.

相关配伍 Related Compatibility

1. 治肺热咳嗽，小儿积热：肾蕨块茎9-15g。水煎服。（《广西本草选编》）
   Treat cough due to lung heat and accumulated heat in children: Rhizome of kidney fern, 9–15g. Decoct in water and take orally. (From Selected Compilation of Guangxi Materia Medica)

2. 治痢疾：凤凰蛋浸醋。每日服2次，每次服10个。
   Treat dysentery: Soak phoenix eggs in vinegar. Take twice daily, 10 eggs each time.

3. 治湿热腹泻：凤凰蛋60g。捣烂冲开水，去渣服。（2-3方出自《湖南药物志》）
   Treat damp-heat diarrhea: 60g phoenix eggs. Crush, steep in boiling water, strain, and take orally. (Formulas 2–3 from Hunan Pharmacopoeia)

4. 治湿热黄疸：圆羊齿干全草15-30g。水煎服。
   Treat damp-heat jaundice: 15–30g dried whole herb of roundleaf toothcup. Decoct in water and take orally.

5. 治噎膈反胃：（圆羊齿）干全草9g。研末。每日3次，酒冲服。（4-5方出自《福建中草药》）
   Treat dysphagia and gastric reflux: 9g dried whole herb of roundleaf toothcup, ground into powder. Take three times daily with alcohol. (Formulas 4–5 from Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年均可挖取块茎，刮去鳞片，洗净，鲜用或晒干。或夏、秋季采取叶或全草，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Tubers can be collected all year round, scraped to remove scales, washed, and used fresh or dried. Leaves or the whole plant may also be collected in summer or autumn, washed, and used fresh or dried.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：块茎球形或扁圆形，直径约2cm；表面密生黄棕色绒毛状鳞片，可见自根茎脱落后的圆形疤痕，除去鳞片后表面显亮黄色，有明显的不规则皱纹；质坚硬。叶簇生；叶柄略扭曲，长6-9cm，下部有亮棕色鳞片；叶轴棕黄色，叶片常皱缩，展平后呈线状披针形，长30-60cm，宽3-5cm，一回羽状分裂，羽片无柄，披针形，长约2cm，宽约6mm，边缘有疏浅钝齿；两侧侧脉先端各有1行孢子囊群。气微，味苦。
Characteristics of medicinal material: The tuber is spherical or flattened, about 2 cm in diameter; surface densely covered with yellow-brown velvety scales, showing circular scars where scales have fallen off; after scale removal, the surface appears bright yellow with obvious irregular wrinkles; hard in texture. Leaves are clustered; petiole slightly twisted, 6–9 cm long, with shiny brown scales at base; rachis is brownish-yellow; blades often wrinkled, linear-lanceolate when flattened, 30–60 cm long, 3–5 cm wide, pinnately divided; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, ~2 cm × ~6 mm, with sparse shallow blunt teeth on margin; each side vein has a row of sporangia clusters at tip. Slight odor, bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：肾蕨科植物肾蕨。
Species: Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl, family Nephrolepidaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

附生或土生。根状茎直立，被蓬松的淡棕色长钻形鳞片，下部有粗铁丝状的匍匐茎向四方横展，匍匐茎棕褐色，粗约1毫米，长达30厘米，不分枝，疏被鳞片，有纤细的褐棕色须根；匍匐茎上生有近圆形的块茎，直径1-1.5厘米，密被与根状茎上同样的鳞片。叶簇生，柄长6-11厘米，粗2-3毫米，暗褐色，略有光泽，上面有纵沟，下面圆形，密被淡棕色线形鳞片；叶片线状披针形或狭披针形，长30-70厘米，宽3-5厘米，先端短尖，叶轴两侧被纤维状鳞片，一回羽状，羽片多数，约45-120对，互生，常密集而呈覆瓦状排列，披针形，中部的一般长约2厘米，宽6-7毫米，先端钝圆或有时为急尖头，基部心脏形，通常不对称，下侧为圆楔形或圆形，上侧为三角状耳形，几无柄，以关节着生于叶轴，叶缘有疏浅的钝锯齿，向基部的羽片渐短，常变为卵状三角形，长不及1厘米。叶脉明显，侧脉纤细，自主脉向上斜出，在下部分叉，小脉直达叶边附近，顶端具纺锤形水囊。叶坚草质或草质，干后棕绿色或褐棕色，光滑。孢子囊群成1行位于主脉两侧，肾形，少有为圆肾形或近圆形，长1.5毫米，宽不及1毫米，生于每组侧脉的上侧小脉顶端，位于从叶边至主脉的1/3处；囊群盖肾形，褐棕色，边缘色较淡，无毛。
Epiphytic or terrestrial. Rhizome erect, covered with fluffy light brown elongated lanceolate scales. Creeping stems thick, wire-like, spreading horizontally in all directions, brownish, ~1 mm thick, up to 30 cm long, unbranched, sparsely scaly, bearing fine brownish roots. Near-round tubers (1–1.5 cm in diameter) grow on creeping stems, densely covered with similar scales. Leaves clustered; petiole 6–11 cm long, 2–3 mm thick, dark brown, slightly glossy, grooved above, rounded below, densely covered with light brown linear scales. Blade linear-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 30–70 cm × 3–5 cm, short-acuminate apex; both sides of rachis covered with fibrous scales; pinnate with numerous pinnae (~45–120 pairs), alternate, densely arranged in an overlapping pattern. Pinnae lanceolate, central ones ~2 cm × 6–7 mm, apex obtuse or sometimes acute, base cordate, usually asymmetric—lower side cuneate or rounded, upper side triangular-auriculate, nearly sessile, jointed to rachis; margin with sparse blunt serrations; basal pinnae gradually shorter, often becoming ovate-triangular (<1 cm long). Veins prominent; lateral veins slender, ascending obliquely from midrib, bifurcating lower down; minor veins extend near margin, ending in spindle-shaped hydathodes. Leaf texture coriaceous to herbaceous, smooth, brownish-green or brownish when dry. Sori single row on either side of midrib, reniform, occasionally orbicular-reniform or nearly round, ~1.5 mm × <1 mm, located at tip of upper minor vein of each lateral vein group, ~1/3 distance from margin to midrib; indusium reniform, brownish, paler margin, glabrous.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于华南、西南及浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南等地。
Distributed in South China, Southwest China, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

土生或附生于海拔300m左右的林下、溪边、树干或石缝中。常栽培作观赏。
Grows terrestrially or epiphytically under forests, along streams, on tree trunks, or in rock crevices at around 300 m altitude. Often cultivated as an ornamental plant.