土人参，中药名。为马齿苋科土人参属植物栌兰Talinumpaniculatum（Jacq.）Gaertn.的根。栌兰，在我国中部和南部均有栽植。具有补气润肺，止咳，调经之功效。主治气虚劳倦，食少，泄泻，肺痨咳血，眩晕，潮热，盗汗，自汗，月经不调，带下，产妇乳汁不足。
Tu-ren-shen, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. The root of Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., a plant of the Portulacaceae family, is known as "Tu-ren-shen" in Chinese. It is cultivated in the central and southern parts of China. It is believed to have the effects of tonifying qi, moistening the lungs, relieving cough, and regulating menstruation. It is used to treat symptoms such as deficiency of qi, fatigue, poor appetite, diarrhea, pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, dizziness, hot flashes, night sweats, spontaneous sweating, irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, and insufficient lactation in postpartum women.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

补气润肺，止咳，调经。
Tonify qi, moisten the lungs, stop coughing, regulate menstruation.

主治 Indications

气虚劳倦，食少，泄泻，肺痨咳血，眩晕，潮热，盗汗，自汗，月经不调，带下，产妇乳汁不足。
Deficiency of Qi, fatigue, poor appetite, diarrhea, pulmonary tuberculosis with coughing up blood, dizziness, hot flashes, night sweats, spontaneous sweating, irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, insufficient breast milk in postpartum women.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，30～60g。外用：适量，捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 30–60g. External use: Appropriate amount, pounded for application.

注意事项 Precautions

中阳衰微，寒湿困脾者慎服；忌食酸辣、芥菜、浓茶。孕妇慎服。
For those with deficient yang and spleen encumbered by cold and dampness, use with caution; avoid sour, spicy foods, mustard greens, and strong tea. Pregnant women should use with caution.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、抗脂质过氧化物作用。

1. Anti-lipid peroxidation effect.

2、抗应激作用。
2. Anti-stress effect.

3、促进小肠蠕动作用。
3. Promoting intestinal peristalsis effect.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《滇南本草》：“补虚损劳疾，妇人服之补血。”

1. Dian Nan Ben Cao: "Supplements deficiency and treats fatigue-related illnesses; women take it to nourish the blood."

2、《四川中药志》1950年版：“补气血，充乳汁，助消化，生津止渴。治咳痰带血。”
2. Sichuan Zhong Yao Zhi (1950 edition): "Tonifies qi and blood, enriches breast milk, aids digestion, generates fluids and quenches thirst. Used to treat cough with bloody sputum."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治劳倦乏力，土人参15～30g，或加墨鱼干1只，洒水炖服。（《福建中草药》）

1. To treat fatigue and weakness, use 15–30g of Radix Talinum, optionally adding one dried cuttlefish, stew with wine and water, and consume. (Fujian Zhongcao Yao)

2、治脾虚泄泻，土人参15～30g，大枣15g。水煎服。（《福建中草药》）
2. To treat spleen deficiency with diarrhea, use 15–30g of Radix Talinum and 15g of jujube. Decoct in water and take orally. (Fujian Zhongcao Yao)

3、治虚劳咳嗽，土洋参、隔山橇、通花根、冰糖。炖鸡服。（《四川中药志》1960年）
3. To treat chronic cough due to deficiency, combine Radix Talinum, Geshanqiao, Tonghuagen, and rock sugar. Stew with chicken and consume. (Sichuan Zhong Yao Zhi, 1960 edition)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：8-9月采挖后，洗净，除去细根，晒干或刮去表皮，蒸熟晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Dig up in August–September, wash thoroughly, remove fine roots, then sun-dry; or scrape off the skin, steam until cooked, and then sun-dry.

药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification

药材性状：根圆锥形或长纺锤形，分枝或不分枝。长7～15㎝，直径0.7～1.7㎝。顶端具木质茎残基。表面灰黑色，有纵皱纹及点状突起的须根痕。除去栓皮并经蒸煮后表面为灰黄色半透明状。有点状须根痕及纵皱纹，隐约可见内部纵走的维管束。质坚硬，难折断。折断面，未加工的平坦，已加工的呈角质状，中央常有大空腔。气微，味淡、微有粘滑感。
Characteristics of the medicinal material: The root is conical or long spindle-shaped, branched or unbranched, 7–15 cm long and 0.7–1.7 cm in diameter. The top has woody stem remnants. The surface is gray-black with longitudinal wrinkles and dotted protuberances from root scars. After removal of the cork layer and steaming, the surface becomes grayish-yellow and semi-transparent, with visible dot-like root scars and longitudinal wrinkles; internal longitudinal vascular bundles are faintly visible. It is hard and difficult to break. The fracture surface is flat when unprocessed and horny when processed, often with a large central cavity. It has a slight odor, mild taste, and slightly sticky and slippery sensation.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：马齿苋科土人参属植物栌兰。
Plant species: Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., belonging to the family Talinaceae (formerly classified under Portulacaceae).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生或多年生草本，全株无毛，高30～100厘米。主根粗壮，圆锥形，有少数分枝，皮黑褐色，断面乳白色。茎直立，肉质，基部近木质，多少分枝，圆柱形，有时具槽。叶互生或近对生，具短柄或近无柄，叶片稍肉质，倒卵形或倒卵状长椭圆形，长5～10厘米，宽2.5～5厘米，顶端急尖，有时微凹，具短尖头，基部狭楔形，全缘。圆锥花序顶生或腋生，较大形，常二叉状分枝，具长花序梗；花小，直径约6毫米；总苞片绿色或近红色，圆形，顶端圆钝，长3～4毫米；苞片2，膜质，披针形，顶端急尖，长约1毫米；花梗长5～10毫米；萼片卵形，紫红色，早落；花瓣粉红色或淡紫红色，长椭圆形、倒卵形或椭圆形，长6～12毫米，顶端圆钝，稀微凹；雄蕊（10～）15～20，比花瓣短；花柱线形，长约2毫米，基部具关节；柱头3裂，稍开展；子房卵球形，长约2毫米。蒴果近球形，直径约4毫米，3瓣裂，坚纸质；种子多数，扁圆形，直径约1毫米，黑褐色或黑色，有光泽。花期6～8月，果期9～11月。
An annual or perennial herb, glabrous throughout, 30–100 cm tall. The main root is stout, conical, with few branches, dark brown skin, and milky white cross-section. Stems are erect, fleshy, becoming somewhat woody at base, cylindrical, sometimes grooved, and branched. Leaves alternate or nearly opposite, short-petiolate or subsessile, slightly succulent, oblanceolate or obovate-elliptic, 5–10 cm long, 2.5–5 cm wide, acute at apex, sometimes slightly concave with a short mucro, narrowed into a cuneate base, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal or axillary panicles, large, often dichotomously branched, with long peduncles. Flowers small, ca. 6 mm in diameter. Bracts green or reddish, round, blunt, 3–4 mm long. Two bracteoles, membranous, lanceolate, acute, about 1 mm long. Pedicels 5–10 mm long. Sepals ovate, purplish-red, caducous. Petals pink or pale purplish-red, oblong, obovate, or elliptic, 6–12 mm long, blunt, rarely slightly concave. Stamens (10–)15–20, shorter than petals. Style linear, ca. 2 mm long, jointed at base. Stigma 3-lobed, slightly spreading. Ovary ovoid, ca. 2 mm long. Capsule nearly spherical, ca. 4 mm in diameter, 3-valved, coriaceous. Seeds numerous, flattened-round, ca. 1 mm in diameter, black-brown or black, shiny. Flowering from June to August; fruiting from September to November.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于阴湿地。
Grows in shady, moist habitats.