苦芺，中药名。为菊科植物蒙山莴苣Lactucatatarica(L.)C.A.Mey.的全草。分布于东北、华北及西北等地。具有清热解毒，凉血止血之功效。常用于暑热烦闷，漆疮，丹毒，痈肿，痔疮，外伤出血，跌打伤痛。
Ku-ao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the whole herb of Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A.Mey., a plant of the Asteraceae family, is distributed in Northeast China, North China, and Northwest China. It is known for its effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, cooling blood, and stopping bleeding. It is commonly used for symptoms such as summer heat and restlessness, sores, erysipelas, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, external bleeding, and traumatic injuries.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，凉血止血。主治
Clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and stopping bleeding. Mainly used for治疗。

暑热烦闷，漆疮，丹毒，痈肿，痔疮，外伤出血，跌打伤痛。用法用量
Summer heat, irritability, lacquer sores, erysipelas, abscesses, hemorrhoids, external bleeding from injuries, and pain from falls and blows. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，15-30g；或生嚼。外用：适量，捣敷；或烧灰敷；或煎汤洗。注意事项
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g; or chew raw. External use: appropriate amount, apply as a poultice; or apply burnt ashes; or decoct for washing. Precautions.

《食疗本草》：“不堪多食尔。”相关论述
"Excessive consumption is not advisable." - from the book "Dietary Therapy Materia Medica".

1、《别录》：“主面目通身漆疮。”2、《本草经集注》：“烧作灰以疗金疮甚验。”加工炮制 采收加工

1. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Effective for treating ulcers on the face and body."2. "Annotations on the Compendium of Materia Medica": "Burning it to ash is very effective in treating ulcers caused by metal." Processing and preparation: collection and processing.

夏、秋季采挖，除净泥土，晒干。植物学信息 植物种属
Harvest in summer and autumn, remove dirt, and sun-dry. Botanical information: plant species.

菊科植物蒙山莴苣。形态特征
Chrysanthemum morifolium, a plant of the Asteraceae family. Morphological characteristics.

多年生草本，高30-100cm。茎分枝。叶互生；下部叶长圆形，灰绿色，基部收窄，半抱茎，羽状或倒向羽状深裂或浅裂，质厚，稍肉质；茎中部叶与下部叶同形，但披针形或狭披针形，不分裂，全缘；上部叶全缘，抱茎；有时全部叶全缘而不分裂。头状花序多数，有20个小花，在茎枝顶端排成开展圆锥状花序；舌状花紫色或淡紫色。瘦果长圆状条形，稍压扁或不扁，灰色至黑色，无边缘或有不明显的狭窄边缘，有5-7条纵肋，果颈渐窄，较长，灰白色，冠毛白色。分布区域
Perennial herb, 30-100cm tall. Stem branched. Leaves alternate; lower leaves long oval, gray-green, narrowed at the base, semi-clasping the stem, pinnate or pinnatifid, thick, somewhat fleshy; middle stem leaves similar to lower leaves but lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, not divided, with entire margins; upper leaves with entire margins, clasping the stem; sometimes all leaves have entire margins without being divided. Capitulum inflorescences numerous, with 20 florets, arranged in an open conical inflorescence at the top of the stem branches; ligulate flowers purple or pale purple. Achene elongated, slightly compressed or not compressed, gray to black, without margins or with indistinct narrow margins, with 5-7 longitudinal ribs, achene neck gradually narrowing, relatively long, gray-white, with white pappus. Distribution area.

东北、华北及西北等地。生长环境
Northeast, North China, Northwest, and other regions. Growing environment.

生粘土或砂质土壤上，常见于河边、湖边。
It grows on clayey or sandy soils, commonly found along riversides and lakesides.